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Ethical Plateaus in Danish Child Protection Services: The Rise and Demise of Algorithmic Models
No full textThis paper analyses how controversies shape an emerging field of AI in Danish child protection services. In a context of high controversiality, we examine how algorithmic systems evolve in conjunction with changing ethical stakes. Empirically, we report a study comprising all Danish attempts (n=4) to develop algorithmic models for child protection services. These attempts were never fully implemented and have been either cancelled, paused or changed significantly since their outset. Combining Fischer’s (2004) notion of ‘ethical plateaus’ with insights from valuation studies, we propose that public controversies shape how organisations enact their algorithms as ethically ‘good’. Our findings demonstrate how valuations of ethically contestable algorithms involve the very distribution of agency across humans and algorithms, i.e., how much power and agency should be delegated to algorithmic models. In the case of Danish child protection services, this moves towards reducing their agency
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Risiko-scoring af børn – Prædiktive algoritmer og tidlig indsats
No full textBegrebet risiko har fået en central betydning i den socialpædagogiske tidlige indsats. Denne artikel undersøger prædiktive algoritmer som ny teknik til beregning og synliggørelse af børns risiko for mistrivsel. Prædiktive algoritmer anvendes internationalt til at beregne og forudse børns ukendte fremtider på baggrund af store datasæt. Empirisk sammenligner vi to ikke-implementerede danske forsøg med at udvikle algoritmer til at forudsige børns mistrivsel: Gladsaxe kommune og forskningsprojektet Underretninger i Fokus. Vi analyserer de to projekters forskellige risiko-konstruktioner ved at undersøge (1) projekternes problematiseringer af eksisterende (algoritme-fri) praksisser, og (2) hvordan de registre, som algoritmerne er trænet på, har afgørende betydning for, hvordan børn og/eller familier konstrueres som risiko-objekter. Afslutningsvist diskuterer vi de to forskellige risikokonstruktioners betydning for, hvad ’tidlig indsats’ kan være
Giving up on algorithmic fantasies:: Repair, devaluation, and dismissal of an algorithmic problem-solving tool
No full textThe emerging ethical plateau of predictive algorithms in the public administration of Danish child protective services
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Calculating children’s unknown futures: Repairing, devaluing, and abandoning earlier versions of algorithmic calculations for child protection
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