1,357,539 research outputs found
Rathi Jaffer
No full textRathi Jaffer received her PhD in English Literature from the University of Glasgow, UK. Since 2006, she has directed The Indo-Korea Cultural and Information Centre. This all-India center promotes intercultural dialogue between India and South Korea by facilitating a range of programs that draw on the rich traditions of both countries. Previously she held leadership positions at the British Council in Chennai and an editorial position at British India Publications. Rathi has delivered papers o..
Patient treatment pathways of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in coastal South India: Road to a drug resistant tuberculosis center
No full textDr Priya Rathi1, Dr Kalpita Shringapure2, Dr B Unnikrishnan1, Abhinav Pandey3, Abhirami Nair3 1. Kasturba Medical College, Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India, 575001 2. Medical College Baroda, Department Preventive and Social Medicine, Gujarat, India 3. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India 575001 Corresponding Author Dr Priya Rathi Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India 57500
Follicular dynamics in Rathi (Bos indicus) cattle
No full textThe objective of this study was to investigate follicular dynamics during oestrus cycle in Rathi (Bos indicus) breed of cattle. Follicular growth and atresia were evaluated using a portable ultrasound device. Of the 14 interovulatory cycles studied in 7 cows, 11 had two waves and 3 had three waves of follicular growth. There was no difference (P>0.05) in dominant or subordinate follicles growth or atresia rates among follicular waves. The first wave of a two-wave cycle emerged on day 2.10 ± 0.36 and lasted for 13.35 ± 1.72 days, whereas the second wave (ovulatory) emerged on day 10.5 ± 0.6 and lasted for 10.4 ± 0.9 days. During the three-wave cycle the first, second and third (ovulatory) waves emerged on day 0.7 ± 0.5, 7.2 ± 1.0 and 13.2 ± 3.4 of oestrus, respectively. Total number of follicles during the oestrus cycle was in the range of 3.36 ± 0.48 to 7.57 ± 1.01, with only slight variation and without any definite pattern. It was concluded that Rathi cattle have follicular dynamics similar to other breeds of cattle. Key words: dominant follicle, follicular waves, Rathi cattle, ultrasonograph
Follicular dynamics in Rathi (Bos indicus) cattle
No full textSvrha rada bila je istražiti folikularnu dinamiku u tijeku spolnoga ciklusa u Rathi (Bos indicus) krava. Pri tome je rabljen prijenosni ultrazvuk kojim je praćen razvoj i atreziju folikula. Od ukupno 14 interovulatornih ciklusa, praćenih u 7 krava, ustanovljeno je da je 11 imalo 2 vala dok su 3 ciklusa imala 3 vala folikularnoga rasta. Nije bilo značajne razlike između rasta dominantnih ili subordinantnih folikula kao ni pojave atrezije između promatranih valova rasta folikula (P>0,05). Prvi val zrenja kod ciklusa s 2 vala zrenja počeo je nakon 2,10 ± 0,36 i trajao 13,35 ± 1,72 dana, dok je ovulatorni odnosno drugi val počeo rasti 10,5 ± 0,6 i trajao 10,4 ± 0,9 dana. Kod ciklusa s tri vala valovi su počeli rasti nakon 0,7 ± 0,5 odnosno 7,2 ± 1,0 i 13,2 ± 3,4. Ukupan broj folikula u tijeku ciklusa iznosio je u rasponu od 3,36 ± 0,48 do 7,57 ± 1,01 s laganom varijacijom i bez konačnoga specifičnoga obrasca. Zaključeno je da Rathi krave imaju sličnu folikularnu dinamiku kao i ostale pasmine krava.The objective of this study was to investigate follicular dynamics during oestrus cycle in Rathi (Bos indicus) breed of cattle. Follicular growth and atresia were evaluated using a portable ultrasound device. Of the 14 interovulatory cycles studied in 7 cows, 11 had two waves and 3 had three waves of follicular growth. There was no difference (P>0.05) in dominant or subordinate follicles growth or atresia rates among follicular waves. The first wave of a two-wave cycle emerged on day 2.10 ± 0.36 and lasted for 13.35 ± 1.72 days, whereas the second wave (ovulatory) emerged on day 10.5 ± 0.6 and lasted for 10.4 ± 0.9 days. During the three-wave cycle the first, second and third (ovulatory) waves emerged on day 0.7 ± 0.5, 7.2 ± 1.0 and 13.2 ± 3.4 of oestrus, respectively. Total number of follicles during the oestrus cycle was in the range of 3.36 ± 0.48 to 7.57 ± 1.01, with only slight variation and without any definite pattern. It was concluded that Rathi cattle have follicular dynamics similar to other breeds of cattle
Leading through sustainability : Mondelez International’s cocoa supply chain challenges and opportunities
No full textThe global chocolate industry faces urgent challenges, including deforestation, child
labor, systemic poverty, and shifting consumer demands for ethical and sustainable
products. Mondelez International, a leading player in the industry, must address these
sustainability issues while maintaining its competitive edge.
This report evaluates Mondelez’s strategic position using PESTLE and Porter’s Five
Forces frameworks, revealing critical gaps in supply chain transparency, farmer
livelihoods, and regulatory compliance. Key insights include:
• Social and Environmental Challenges: Over 1.56 million children are engaged
in hazardous labor in cocoa farming, while deforestation and carbon emissions
threaten ecosystems and cocoa supply sustainability.
• Economic Inequities: Farmers earn less than 6% of the retail price, perpetuating
poverty and driving unsustainable practices.
• Competitive Pressures: Mars and Nestlé excel in supply chain innovation and
product diversification, intensifying competition.
Strategic recommendations focus on leveraging advanced technologies like
blockchain and satellite monitoring, empowering farmers with living income
benchmarks, scaling partnerships with initiatives like the Cocoa & Forests Initiative,
and developing consumer-focused, ethically sourced products.
By addressing these challenges, Mondelez can lead the chocolate industry toward
sustainability, balancing ethical responsibility with long-term operational success
Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Rathi Nagara Rasa Mezhugu
No full textPreclinical safety evaluation of Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu (RNM) was carried out for dissertation. The drug was chosen from the Siddha literature Anuboga vaidhaya navaneedham. The ingredients of Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu are metallic and herbal compounds like Rasam (Mercury), Ganthagam (Sulphur), Serankottai (Semecarpus anacardium). It cures the disease of Lingaputtru (penial cancer), Algulputtru (Cervix cancer), Araiyaappu (Adenitis), Kandamaalai (Cervical adenitis), Karunkuttam, Senkuttam (Leprosy), Megaranam (Syphilis), Kaalkai mudakku (Rheumatoid Arthritis).
The raw drugs were procured from reputed raw drug shop, Broadway, Chennai and the drugs were identified and authenticated by dept. of Gunapadam, and by the Botanist, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai. The ingredients were purified and the medicine was prepared as mentioned in the Siddha literature. Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu was underwent physicochemical, phyto- chemical, biochemical analysis, heavy metal analysis by using ICP-OES, and particle size analysis by using HR-SEM. Acute and Repeated oral 28 day toxicity were conducted as per the OECD guidelines 423 & 407 respectively.
In Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu, the loss on drying at 105oC was found to be 1.98%, it falls in between the limit range (1-20%). So the determination of moisture content shows the good stability of the drug test drug. The total ash in the test drug was found to be 2.09%, and the acid insoluble ash to be 0.7%. Both types of ash values were within the limits. The minimal level of acid insoluble ash shows the less extraneous matters that indicate the purity of the drug RNM.
The water soluble extract value of Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu is 3.77% and the Alcohol soluble extractive is 15.59%.As the test drug has more alcohol soluble constituents than water soluble, it would be non-polar. So the drug will have good bioavailability &intracellular distribution without possible accumulation inside the cells. The poor water solubility may prolong the duration of the drug action.
The pH of RNM was found to be 4.65 which means it is weekly acidic and safe for oral administration.
Bio Chemical Analysis of RNM indicated the presence of carbonate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, aluminum, iron, zinc, mercury, and alkaloid.
Phytochemical investigation to detect the presence of phyto constituents in formulation RNM reveals the presence of glycosides and fixed oil and fat.
The Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) of RNM results showed that the Heavy metals like Mercury (03.214 mg/L) was found within the permissible level in RNM. Hence it may be safe for human consumption. It also shows the presence of physiologically important minerals like sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, Calcium, phosphorus. Some Heavy metals shows below detection level are Aluminum, Arsenic, Copper, Lead, Magnesium, and Nickel (Table.5).
HR-SEM analysis of Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu showed difference in size and reveals the particle size as 1.0 - 2.0 μ. The particles in RNM had even distribution with agglomeration of particles due to reported grinding. Hence the drug may have increased absorption.
In Acute Oral Toxicity study four different dose (50, 2000mg /kg.b.wt) of Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu were administered stepwise (step up) manner. Throughout the
14 days of observation period, no mortality and signs of toxicity were observed in RNM treated groups. The results of the Acute Oral Toxicity study indicate that the LD50 of RNM is more than 2000 mg/kg b.wt. So the drug RNM comes under the category 5 as per GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification).
In the 28-days repeated dose oral toxicity study, there were no mortality and morbidity in all Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu treated groups.
Food and water consumption of the animals is significantly differed When RNM treated drugs compare to control group (Table7,8& Figure2,3). But they are within physiological limit, and this study reveals that it does not adversely affect the basic metabolic processes of the experimental animals.
Body weight of the animals is significantly differed When RNM treated drugs compare to control group (Table9, 10 & Figure4, 5). But they are within physiological limit.
The results of hematological investigation, reveals no significant changes in all RNM treated groups as compared with the control groups except for total differential count, hematocrit but the values are within the normal physiological limit.
The results of biochemical investigations, in test groups there was significant changes present in VLDL Mid dose, when compared with the control group. But the values were normal biological limits.
The result of liver function test and renal function test, reveals no significant changes in all RNM treated groups as compared with the control groups.
No abnormality was observed in histopathological examinations of all organs in RNM treated groups as compared with the control groups.
So the ‘No Observed Adverse Effect Level’ (NOAEL) of Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu may be greater than 468 mg/kg b.wt in Repeated Oral 28-day Toxicity study.
CONCLUSION:
From the results of this analytical evaluation of the test drug Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu (RNM), it is inferred that quality and stability was good when prepared under the standard protocol mentioned in this study. Qualitative analysis of RNM reveals the Purity and Bioavailability of the drug As heavy metals were found to be within the permissible limit .so the drug is safe for oral consumption. The particulate size of the test drug was determined by SEM analysis. In vivo toxicity study reveals the drug RNM shows no mortality and signs of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg.b.wt in acute oral administration. In Sub acute toxicity study there was significantly changes in hematological, biochemical parameter in RNM treated groups when compared to control group but the levels were within physiological limit. The histopathology report also confirms that there are no remarkable cellular changes at all the dose levels. And No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) high dose level (468 mg/kg b.wt), which is ten times that of therapeutic dose.. Based on these results it can be conclude that, the dose level of Rathi nagara rasa mezhugu 3 to 4 kundri twice a day mentioned in the Siddha literature Anoboga vaithya navaneetham is safe dosage for human consumption.
In future it is to be carried out to study the pharmacological activity and clinical trial to prove the efficacy of the drug
Optimized Purification Processes for Isolation and Modification of Oligosaccharides from Rathi Cow’s Milk
No full textPurification and characterization of milk oligosaccharides is a challenging process due to the complexity of the constituent oligosaccharides, which behave differently under various chemical treatment procedures and often lose their structural properties in the process. Rathi cow’s milk is widely used in the Rajasthan region of India for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. Here, we aim to present an optimized method for the purification and analysis of oligosaccharides present in Rathi cow milk. Contrary to the freeze transport methods used earlier, we treated the collected milk with ethanol for preservation, followed by microfiltration, lyophilization, and fractionation on silica gel (60–120 mesh size) column chromatography (CC) coupled with chloroform/methanol-mediated gradient elution. Fractions 31–45 (1.78 g), 71–80 (470 mg), and 106–120 (498 mg) from CC-1 and fractions 26–49 (1.14 g) from CC-2 were analysed for sugar content via the phenol–sulfuric acid method. Fraction homogeneity was confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Isolated analytes were treated with acetic anhydride/pyridine (1:1, v/v) to form less polar oligosaccharide derivatives, which could then be easily visualized and semi-quantitated using partition chromatography (thin later and paper) with chloroform/methanol. Structural identities of the purified oligosaccharides were determined using a combination of mass spectrometry and NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC, TOCSY, COSY, HMBC) techniques. Our results clearly demonstrate that the ethanol-based preservation, transport, and purification of oligosaccharides is a simple and robust method for the analysis of Rathi cow’s milk oligosaccharides. Furthermore, using the acetylation, purified oligosaccharides allow for rapid analysis on thin-layer chromatography, which is quite cost effective compared with other analytical methods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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