1,721,141 research outputs found
Late Cenozoic to Present Kinematic of the North to Eastern Iran Orogen: Accommodating Opposite Sense of Fault Blocks Rotation
Full text linkThe opposite-sense fault block rotation across the continental strike-slip faulting plays an important role in accommodating crustal deformation in the north of the East Iran orogen. This research constrains the post-Neogene kinematics of the NW-SE to E-W left-lateral transpressional zones at the northern termination of the N-S striking right-lateral Neh fault system in the East Iran orogen. Using two case studies, we analyzed the NW-SE Birjand splay and the E-W Shekarab transpression zone by analysis of satellite images, structural features, fault geometry and kinematics, GPS (Global Positioning System) velocities, fault- and earthquake-slip stress inversion, and paleomagnetic data. Our results show two distinctive regions of opposite-sense fault block rotations and with different rotation rates. As an asymmetric arc, the Birjand splay displays a transition from the prevailing N-S right lateral shear in the east to NW-SE left lateral transpression in the middle and E-W left lateral shear in the west. In the east, with clockwise fault block rotation, the N-S right lateral faults and the NW-SE oblique left-lateral reverse faults constitute push-ups through the restraining fault bends. In the west, with counterclockwise fault block rotation, the Shekarab transpression zone is associated with the duplex, pop-up, and shear folds. Our suggested kinematic model reveals that the N-S right-lateral shear is consumed on the left-lateral transpressional zones through the vertical axis fault block rotation. This led to an E-W shortening and N-S along-strike lengthening in the East Iran orogen. This research improves our understanding of how opposite fault block rotations accommodate India- and Eurasia-Arabia convergence in the north of the East Iran orogen. The suggested model has implications in the kinematic evolution of intra-plate strike-slip faulting through continental collision tectonics
Reverse allostasis in biological systems: Minimal conditions and implications
No full textBiological control systems regulate the behavior of biological systems in a constantly changing environment. Homeostasis is the most widely studied outcome of biological control systems. Homeostatic systems maintain the system in its desired state despite variations in system parameters or the externally-determined input rates of their constituents, i.e. they have zero or near zero steady state error. On the other hand, allostatic systems are not resistant against environmental changes and the steady state level of their controlled variables responds positively to the changes in their input rates. Little is known, however, on the existence and frequency of reverse allostatic systems, where the steady state value of the controlled variable correlates negatively with the input rate of that variable. In the present study, we derive the minimal conditions for the existence and local stability of reverse allostatic systems, and demonstrate in examples of metabolic, pharmacological, pathophysiological and ecological systems that the reverse allostasis requirements are relatively non-stringent and may be satisfied in biological systems more commonly than usually thought. The possible existence of reverse allostatic systems in nature and their counter-intuitive implications in physiological systems, drug treatment, ecosystem management, and biological control are explored and testable predictions are made
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Erosion–corrosion synergism in an alumina/seawater nanofluid
No full textNanofluids do indeed display the desired increase in thermal conductivity. However, the presence of solid particles is known to induce erosion and its interaction with corrosion is a serious damage for all systems operated in flowing environments. Therefore, it is essential that the possible erosion–corrosion synergism is investigated prior to use of nanofluid coolants in industry. This paper describes the synergistic effect of corrosion and erosion in nanofluid of seawater plus 1 g/l Al2O3 nanoparticles with the average size of 20 nm and compared with seawater without suspended particles. Tests are conducted on low carbon steel targets, using a rotating cylinder system. It is found that the pure corrosion rate and erosion rate of carbon steel in the fluids free of nanoparticles are respectively higher (up to ~82 % ) and lower (about 11%) than the nanofluids. Unlike the effects of nano-particles on pure corrosion and net erosion, synergistic effect of erosion and corrosion in a nanofluid is much higher (up to 237%) than the base fluid. These results indicate that the presence of aggressive ions in flowing nanofluid can lead to a considerable damage
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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