1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Truth and False-carbon Dioxide Mitigation Technologies
No full textResearch progress is required to be enhanced for those storage technologies which store CO2 fast and permanently. However, temporary storage technologies importance cannot be denied to immediately reduce global warming and reduce higher CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Continuous CO2 storage facilities, semi-batch and batch pilot plants deemed necessary to build for future survival of the earth planet. Membranes can be used to separate CO2 from common flue gases followed by mineral carbonation to convert CO2 into stable carbonates. Modifications in cement industry, coal fired power plants, fertilizer industries and other chemical process industries appears essential
RON4 and ROP18 two proteins of rhoptries of toxoplasma gondii vaccine candidates ? : Study in mouse model of chronic toxoplasmosis
No full textToxoplasma gondii, protozoaire intracellulaire obligatoire, est l’agent responsable de la toxoplasmose, infection qui revêt un caractère sévère au cours de toxoplasmoses cérébrales ou congénitales en médecines humaine et vétérinaire. Aucun vaccin n’est actuellement disponible ; le développement de stratégies vaccinales efficaces est donc d’actualité. Le potentiel vaccinant de deux protéines de rhoptries de T. gondii, RON4 et ROP18, protéines injectées dans la cellule au site de l’invasion lors de l’étape d’attachement à la cellule, a été évalué dans deux stratégies vaccinales contre la toxoplasmose chronique chez la souris: vaccination ADN par voie intramusculaire et vaccination par voie nasale avec des protéines recombinantes. L’immunisation avec des plasmides optimisés exprimant RON4, la partie N-terminale ou la partie C-terminale de RON4 co-administrés avec un plasmide exprimant l’adjuvant GM-CSF ou l’immunisation par voie nasale avec une protéine recombinante RON4 associée à la toxine cholérique, induit des réponses systémiques humorale et cellulaire (mixte Th1/Th2) mais ne confère pas de protection. Dans nos conditions expérimentales RON4 n’est pas un candidat vaccin potentiel. Des stratégies pour augmenter son immunogénicité par voie nasale et pour orienter la réponse cellulaire vers un profil Th1 pourraient cependant être envisagées. L’immunisation avec des plasmides bicistroniques exprimant à la fois ROP18 sous forme sécrétée et le GM-CSF ou ROP18 cytosolique et le GM-CSF, induit des réponses humorales et cellulaires (Th1) similaires et ne confère pas de protection significative. La co-administration d’un plasmide exprimant l’IL-12 n’augmente pas les réponses immunes avant infection mais a néanmoins contribué à augmenter la réponse cellulaire après infection. L’immunisation par voie nasale avec une protéine recombinante ROP18 associée à la toxine cholérique, induit une réponse systémique humorale (Th1/Th2) et confère une protection significative (réduction de la charge parasitaire de 50%). La co-administration de l’adjuvant poly I:C augmente la réponse cellulaire mais n’a pas d’effet sur la protection. Nos résultats suggèrent que ROP18 est un candidat vaccin potentiel, des stratégies pour améliorer son effet protecteur sont à envisager.Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan, is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis. This infection has severe consequences during cerebral or congenital toxoplasmosis both in human and veterinary medicines. No vaccine is currently available, so the design of efficient vaccine strategies is still a topical question. In this study, RON4 and ROP18, two rhoptry proteins of T. gondii which are discharged into the host cell at the invasion site, immediately following intimate contact with the host cell, were evaluated in two vaccine strategies against chronic infection in mice: DNA vaccination by the intramuscular route and recombinant protein vaccination by the nasal route. DNA immunization with optimized plasmids encoding full length RON4, or only the N-terminal, or the C-terminal part of RON4 plus a plasmid encoding the adjuvant GM-CSF or nasal immunization with a recombinant RON4 protein plus cholera toxin induced systemic humoral and cellular responses (mixed Th1/Th2) but failed to confer protection. Strategies intended to enhance the immunogenicity of RON4 by the nasal route and to enhance the Th1 immune response against RON4 could be more effective.DNA immunization with ROP18 expressed as a secreted or a cytosolic form by bicistronic vectors which encode both the antigen and the adjuvant GM-CSF induced similar humoral and cellular (Th1) responses but did not confer significant protection. Co-administration of a plasmid encoding the adjuvant IL-12 did not enhance the immune responses before challenge but was able to prime a cellular immune response that was boosted by the parasite infection. Nasal immunization with a recombinant ROP18 protein plus cholera toxin induced systemic humoral responses (mixed Th1/Th2) and conferred partial protection (50% brain cysts reduction). Co-administration of the adjuvant poly I:C enhanced the cellular response but did not potentiate the protection. Our data suggest that ROP18 is a potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis. Strategies to improve the protective effect of ROP18 should be investigated
GHG Emissions and Role of Polymeric Materials in Mitigation
No full textGHG emissions of methane (CH4) have double, and CO2 are close to double compared to pre-industrial levels. GHG emission mitigation is possible by avoiding their generation, or by emission mitigation technologies. CO2 can be stored/fixed in minerals, rocks, EOR, underground formations, chemicals, and polymeric materials and many more. Polymeric materials also play role in GHG mitigation, and more focus is required on this aspect. CO2 consumption during polymerization reactions and plasticization is required to be enhanced. This fact also supports higher polymers production and increasing capacity of polymers producing industries.
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