1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Investigation of molecular/genetic markers predictive for response of colorectal cancer patients to adjuvant chemotherapy
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC), including cancer of the colon and rectum, develops as a result of multiple molecular/genetic and environmental factors that cumulatively drive oncogenesis, in diverse profiles for each individual. Currently, the assessment of CRC patients is based on the identification in tumor tissues of genetic and phenotypic characteristics with prognostic and/or predictive value. In addition, tumor development and evolution, as well as patient response to the diverse therapeutic modalities in the present armamentarium, depend to a large extent on host anti-tumor immune response. Mapping and understanding the immune contexture of the tumor is ongoing, since it is important for the rational and more efficient use of immunomodulators in the treatment of CRC.The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of genetic/phenotypic characteristics in tumor tissues from CRC patients with early-stage disease. Patients, tumors and methods: We examined formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 414 CRC patients with operable stage II and III disease. Patients were treated in the context of a randomized clinical trial with adjuvant chemotherapy (FOLFOX or XELOX). Except for the standard clinicopathological parameters, we evaluated tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) density, the presence or absence of necrosis, MMR protein status with immunohistochemistry, as well as the relative mRNA expression of immune response genes (CD3Z, CD8, CD4, CXCL9, CXCL13, IGHM and FOXP3), of the transcription factor SNAI2, and of ESR1, the gene encoding for estrogen receptor type A. We used hierarchical clustering to profile CD3/CD8 expression (mRNA ImmunoScore, mIS) in tumors and, where available, in adjacent normal mucosa.Results: We observed that the absence of necrosis (presence vs. absence HR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.82, Wald's p = 0.01; HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.72, p = 0.002) and the relatively high ESR1 mRNA expression (HR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.60-5.12, p = 0.0004; HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.10-3.46, p = 0.022) were independent unfavorable parameters conferring higher risk for relapse and death, respectively. In stage III patients with tumor in the right colon, mIS appeared to affect disease-free survival (DFS). In this subgroup, the rate of patients who reached 3-years DFS was 75% if tumor had high mIS compared to 57.1% for tumors with low mIS (HR 3.9, 95%CI 1.05-8.02, p=0.023). By contrast, in stage II patients, low mIS was associated with lower risk for death for tumors located in the right (HR 0.12, 95%CI 0.01–0.94, p=0.041) or in the left (HR 0.12, 95%CI 0.03–0.48, p=0.001) colon. KRAS and BRAF mutations were not associated with MMR protein status or with mIS or with clinicopathological characteristics, while none or these parameters was associated with prognosis. TIL density and mIS in the normal mucosa were also not associated with prognosis. Conclusions: The CD3Z/CD8A immune response profile may diversely affect early CRC prognosis dependent on disease stage and tumor location, which seems worth further investigation in large patient cohorts for obtaining statistical power. ESR1 mRNA expression may be further developed as a prognostic marker and possible therapeutic target in CRC. Lastly, typing necrosis appears as a promising research field for achieving a more rational therapeutic assessment of patients with non-metastatic CRC who have undergone tumor debulking surgeries.Η αιτιολογία του καρκίνου του παχέος εντέρου και του ορθού (ΚΠΕ) είναι πολυπαραγοντική με ποικίλους και διαφορετικούς σε κάθε ασθενή γενετικούς/μοριακούς και περιβαλλοντικούς παράγοντες να εμπλέκονται στην ογκογένεση. Ο προσδιορισμός γενετικών/μοριακών αλλαγών κρίνεται απαραίτητη στις μέρες μας, καθότι έχει προγνωστική ή/και προβλεπτική αξία. Επιπρόσθετα, η ανάπτυξη του όγκου, η εξέλιξή του, καθώς και η ανταπόκριση του ασθενούς στις διαφόρων ειδών θεραπείες εξαρτώνται σε μεγάλο βαθμό από την ανοσοαπάντηση του οργανισμού. Η κατανόηση και αποτύπωση της ανοσοαπάντησης στον όγκο είναι σημαντική για την ορθολογικότερη και αποδοτικότερη χρήση των ανοσοτροποποιητικών αντισωμάτων στη θεραπεία του ορθοκολικού καρκίνου. Σκοπός της έρευνάς μας ήταν η διερεύνηση της προγνωστικής σημασίας γενετικών/φαινοτυπικών χαρακτηριστικών ΚΠΕ ασθενών σε πρώιμα στάδια της νόσου. Ασθενείς, όγκοι και μέθοδοι: Συγκεντρώθηκαν ιστολογικά δείγματα (ιστοί παραφίνης) 414 ασθενών με χειρουργημένο καρκίνο του παχέος εντέρου σταδίου ΙΙ/III, οι οποίοι συμμετείχαν σε τυχαιοποιημένη κλινική δοκιμή με επικουρική χημειοθεραπεία FOLFOX ή XELOX. Διερευνήθηκαν τα συνήθη κλινικοπαθολογοανατομικά χαρακτηριστικά, η πυκνότητα των λεμφοκυττάρων που διηθούν τον όγκο (TIL), η παρουσία/απουσία νέκρωσης στον όγκο, η ανοσοϊστοχημική έκφραση των MMR πρωτεϊνών, οι μεταλλάξεις στα γονίδια KRAS και BRAF, και προσδιορίστηκε η σχετική έκφραση mRNA γονιδίων που κωδικοποιούν μόρια ανοσολογικής απόκρισης (CD3Z, CD8, CD4, CXCL9, CXCL13, IGHM και FOXP3), τον μεταγραφικό παράγοντα SNAI2 και τον οιστρογονικό υποδοχέα Α (ESR1). Με ιεραρχική ομαδοποίηση αναπτύχθηκε προφίλ σχετικής έκφρασης CD3/CD8 mRNA (mRNA ImmunoScore, mIS), το οποίο εξετάσθηκε στον όγκο και στον παρακείμενο φυσιολογικό βλεννογόνο. Αποτελέσματα: Στη μελέτη μας φάνηκε ότι η απουσία νέκρωσης και η έκφραση mRNA του ESR1 στον όγκο ήταν ανεξάρτητοι δυσμενείς προγνωστικοί παράγοντες, όσον αφορά στην υποτροπή (παρουσία vs. απουσία νέκρωσης HR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.82, Wald's p = 0.01; υψηλή vs. χαμηλή έκφραση ESR1 HR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.60-5.12, p = 0.0004) και τον θάνατο (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.72, p = 0.002; HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.10-3.46, p = 0.022, αντίστοιχα). Για τους ασθενείς με νόσο σταδίου ΙΙΙ στο δεξιό κόλον, το mIS φαινόταν να επηρεάζει το ελεύθερο νόσου διάστημα (DFS). Σε αυτή την υπο-ομάδα, το ποσοστό των ασθενών με DFS στα 3 έτη ήταν 75% για υψηλό mIS έναντι 57,1% για χαμηλό mIS (HR 3.9, 95%CI 1.05-8.02, p=0.023). Αντίθετα, στους ασθενείς σταδίου ΙΙ, το χαμηλό mIS σχετιζόταν με χαμηλότερο κίνδυνο θανάτου τόσο για τους όγκους με δεξιά (HR 0.12, 95%CI 0.01–0.94, p=0.041), όσο κυρίως για τους όγκους με αριστερή (HR 0.12, 95%CI 0.03–0.48, p=0.001) εντόπιση. Οι μεταλλάξεις των γονιδίων KRAS και BRAF δεν συσχετίστηκαν με την έκφραση των MMR πρωτεϊνών ή με την ανοσοαπάντηση (mIS) ή με τα λοιπά κλινικοπαθολογοανατομικά χαρακτηριστικά, ενώ καμία από τις παραμέτρους αυτές δεν είχε προγνωστική σημασία. Παρόμοια, η πυκνότητα των TIL στον όγκο και το mIS στον φυσιολογικό βλεννογόνο δεν σχετίζονταν με την πρόγνωση των ασθενών. Συμπεράσματα: Το προφίλ ανασοαπόκρισης CD3Z/CD8 έχει προγνωστική σημασία σε συνάρτηση με το στάδιο της νόσου και την εντόπιση του όγκου, στοιχείο που θα άξιζε περαιτέρω διερεύνηση σε ικανό αριθμό ασθενών. Προτείνεται η mRNA έκφραση του ESR1, ως πιθανός προγνωστικός δείκτης, καθώς και ως θεραπευτικός στόχος στον καρκίνο του παχέος εντέρου. Τέλος, η τυποποίηση της νέκρωσης στον ΚΠΕ εκτός από προγνωστική αξία θα μπορούσε να συμβάλει στην περισσότερο ορθολογική θεραπευτική διαχείριση των ασθενών
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