1,721,133 research outputs found
Explainable AI (XAI) In Biomedical Signal and Image Processing: Promises and Challenges
No full textArtificial intelligence has become pervasive across disciplines and fields, and biomedical image and signal processing is no exception. The growing and widespread interest on the topic has triggered a vast research activity that is reflected in an exponential research effort. Through study of massive and diverse biomedical data, machine and deep learning models have revolutionized various tasks such as modeling, segmentation, registration, classification and synthesis, outperforming traditional techniques. However, the difficulty in translating the results into biologically/clinically interpretable information is preventing their full exploitation in the field. Explainable AI (XAI) attempts to fill this translational gap by providing means to make the models interpretable and providing explanations. Different solutions have been proposed so far and are gaining increasing interest from the community. This paper aims at providing an overview on XAI in biomedical data processing and points to an upcoming Special Issue on Deep Learning in Biomedical Image and Signal Processing of the IEEE Signal Processing Magazine that is going to appear in March 2022
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Retrofitting Airbus A320 to work on Liquified Natural Gas
No full textThe aviation sector is growing every year with a steady pace of 5%. With this growth, the greenhouse emissions can only rise in the future until new innovative aircraft are designed such as electrical aircraft. An interim solution is to switch the fuel from kerosene to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). LNG is much cleaner for the environment, cheaper and more abundant. This study looks into retrofitting conventional aircraft to work on LNG, in this case an Airbus A320 since it the most used airplane in the commercial aviation. A cryogenic tank to store the LNG, was designed and incorporated into the cargo bay replacing some of the cargo. The two aircraft were generated and compared using a preliminary design tool, the Initiator. The LNG aircraft achieved a significant reduction in CO2 and NOx , 24% and 69% respectively. In addition to a potential saving of 17% in direct operating cost.Aerospace Engineerin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A Numerical Investigation of Aerodynamically Trapped Vortex Combustor for Premixed Hydrogen Combustion in Gas Turbines Using Detailed Chemistry
No full textHydrogen is a clean and carbon-free fuel and is considered a key element for the energy transition. Renewable power generation by solar and wind is increasing, requiring flexible operation to balance the load on the energy grid with the ability to rapidly adjust the output. Gas turbines with a combustion system for hydrogen operation offers a low carbon solution to support the stability of the energy grid. This provides a solution capturing the needs for energy storage, in the form of hydrogen, and flexible power generation. High flame temperatures in the primary zone facilitates the production of NOx which can be reduced by using premixed combustors. But this introduces the risk of flame flashback. Several combustor concepts have been proposed and studied in the past few years to tackle the problem of flame flashback in premixed high hydrogen fuel combustors. This study looks at one of the concepts which uses Aerodynamically Trapped Vortex to stabilize the flame and studies the flow and flame behavior in the combustor. Numerical simulations for the analysis were performed with commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation package AVL FIRE™. The flow field characterization was focused on the investigation of the influence of the inlet velocity and inlet turbulence intensity (u′) on the mean velocity, wall velocity gradient and turbulence intensity in the combustor. To study the flame stabilization mechanism, reactive simulations were performed at two fuel equivalence ratios. The combustion regime of the flame, wall velocity gradient and temperature distribution in the combustor were quantified from the simulation results. A validation study was performed prior to the analysis of the ATV combustor to validate both the turbulence and the reactive models for premixed hydrogen combustion. The models were validated against the experiments performed in a dump stabilized cylindrical combustor at Combustion Research Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland. The k-ε and k-ζ-f turbulence models were selected for modelling the turbulence. Simulations of non-reacting flow with k-ε model resulted in a more accurate prediction of the flow field, turbulence levels and recirculation zone than the k-ζ-f model. Combustion is modelled using the FIRE™ detailed chemistry solver with the k-ε turbulence model to resolve turbulence. No additional turbulence-chemistry interaction model is used in the current research. To reduce chemistry computational time, the multi-zone method is employed. A detailed chemistry approach with sufficient mesh resolution for modelling the reaction in 100% premixed hydrogen combustion predicted the flame behavior with acceptable accuracy. The flow analysis in the Aerodynamically Trapped Vortex (ATV) combustor revealed that the inlet velocity or inlet turbulence had no significant effect on the relative turbulence properties in the flame stabilization zone. The proposed design for the Aerodynamically Trapped Vortex (ATV) combustor was able to stabilize a 100% premixed hydrogen flames without flashback for the simulated conditions.Aerospace Engineerin
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
