1,721,001 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Diversity and drivers of coral reef cryptofauna communities
Get PDFTropical coral reefs are exceptionally biodiverse ecosystems, and many species within reefs remain undiscovered, undescribed or under-studied. This is especially true of organisms living hidden within the cavities and crevices of the reef matrix, the cryptofauna. Cryptofauna, and the cryptobenthic communities they form, make up a significant portion of animal diversity within coral reefs and play functional roles vital for reef productivity and trophodynamics. Globally, coral reefs are experiencing degradation due to climate-change and direct human impacts, and face mass biodiversity loss by the end of the 21st century. To predict the impacts of projected climate change on coral reefs, we must have a comprehensive understanding of the baseline diversity and composition of the communities they harbour. This thesis explores the diversity and drivers of cryptobenthic communities across the remote and protected Chagos Archipelago Marine Protected Area (MPA)(Central Indian Ocean), an important scientific reference site for the wider Indian Ocean due to its near-pristine status and minimal local human impacts. Standardised artificial substrates named Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) were deployed across three reefs in 2018 and retrieved in 2019 and 2021 to collect image and genetic data on cryptobenthic communities.
Little research has been conducted on cryptobenthic communities in the Chagos Archipelago, and we have a poor understanding of their biodiversity across the MPA in comparison to other reefs of the Indo-Pacific. Here, a rich and highly diverse community of coral reef organisms is recovered using multi-marker (COI, 18S) metabarcoding, and significant spatial and temporal variability in the metazoan community composition of three reefs is observed. However, only 3-4% of the 18,436 COI sequence variants identified are assigned to species level. With high confidence I identify 168 fully described species, but 95% of these are not represented in online museum records which hold specimen collected from the archipelago. This indicates that the archipelago’s reef biodiversity is likely far higher than presently understood. However, less than half of the species known to inhabit the archipelago have representative sequences in this study’s classifier, which is used to assign taxonomy to sequences , highlighting how the current paucity of references databases hinders metabarcoding studies of cryptofauna.
Studies integrating biological and physical components of reef habitats are needed to understand how cryptobenthic communities may respond to shifts in environmental conditions. I show how ocean-facing and lagoonal reefs differ in environmental conditions, using seven in-situ environmental variables, and how this is reflected in the community composition of sessile cryptobenthic organisms. Internal waves are detected across ocean-facing reefs and found to maintain lower temperature conditions, and findings demonstrate the importance of using in-situ data, rather than ex-situ satellite-based data. Calcifying organism abundance significantly correlates with lower temperature profiles of ocean-facing reefs, but fleshy macroalgal abundance is associated with more variable profiles of pH and dissolved oxygen in a lagoonal habitat. Overall, results highlight habitat preferences of sessile invertebrate and algal groups within year-old communities and suggest which may be more resilient to climate-change induced increases in temperature and pH conditions.
All artificial substrates used to study coral reefs have inherent biases, and it is important to determine what those biases are when using them to study natural reefs. I compare sessile communities recovered on ARMS against those on dead tabular Acropora sp. coral, a common species in the archipelago, to help understand these biases. I find similar abundances of sponges, soft-tube worms and ascidians on both substrates, but that ARMS may significantly overestimate natural abundances of calcifying invertebrates and under-estimate those of hard corals, turf and crustose coralline algae. I also compare communities recovered, using metabarcoding, on ARMS versus those from filtered water samples (environmental DNA) collected in the vicinity. I find eDNA sampling may be a poor proxy for studying motile invertebrates, but valuable for studying sponges, as it detects 17 out of 20 most abundant sponge species as well as an additional 9 species not detected on ARMS.
Finally, I explore the use of fluorescence imaging to study ARMS sessile communities, and record 35 hard coral colonies on average per m2 across study sites. I find overall coral abundance is equal between lagoonal and ocean- facing reefs, but that coral abundance in the lagoonal reef is higher on the undersides of ARMS plates than on top of them, a pattern not observed across ocean-facing reefs and potentially driven by higher sedimentation occurring in the lagoon. This study highlights how fluorescence imaging may be a valuable additional method for the study of cryptobenthic assemblages on ARMS and I recommend its integration within the ARMS toolkit.
In summary, this thesis significantly advances the knowledge of cryptobenthic communities of the Chagos Archipelago MPA, highlights its importance as a biodiverse scientific reference site, and furthers our understanding of the ARMS methodology. Whilst further work will be needed to fully characterise cryptofauna biodiversity across these reefs, findings presented in this thesis provide a baseline for future studies of these complex communities across the Indian Ocean region
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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