1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Identification and characterization of natural aerosols over the Arctic
Get PDFLe réchauffement climatique est l'un des défis les plus graves auxquels nous sommes confrontés aujourd'hui. L'Arctique est particulièrement vulnérable à ses effets. Les aérosols jouent un rôle clé en termes d'effets de forçage radiatif (à la fois directement et indirectement en termes d'influence sur les nuages). Par conséquent, ils sont l'une des plus grandes sources d'incertitude dans la modélisation du climat dans la mesure où leurs caractéristiques microphysiques, chimiques et optiques ne sont pas bien comprises.
Les aérosols arctiques peuvent être classés selon deux catégories: les aérosols anthropiques et les aérosols naturels. Les aérosols naturels comprennent le carbone noir et le carbone brun (BC et BrC), la poussière, le sel de mer, les sulfates volcaniques et les cendres ainsi que les nuages stratosphériques polaires de niveau Ib (PSC). Le but ultime du projet de recherche était de caractériser les propriétés optiques et microphysiques des aérosols naturels dans les contraintes de pouvoir capturer des événements d'opportunité spécifiques. Bien que nous ayons enquêté sur de nombreux événements d'aérosols naturels dans l'Arctique, nous nous sommes finalement concentrés sur deux événements extraordinaires.
Dans le premier article, nous avons utilisé la photométrie solaire au sol, les récupérations au sol FTIR (Fourier Transform IR), les profils lidar, la télédétection par satellite et la modélisation des aérosols pour analyser un événement de fumée extrême en août 2017 sur Eureka, entraîné par le incendies pyrocb (convection extrême) près de Prince George, en Colombie-Britannique. Selon nous, cet article a été une contribution innovante et originale à divers égards: d'abord en termes d'événements d’aérosols ainsi que l'infrastructure instrumentale et l'expertise que nous avons développées et apportées au fil des années sur Eureka. L’article était également original en termes de production d'une climatologie des fumées f (profondeur optique en mode fin) sur 10 ans qui excluait les événements confondants tels que les intrusions stratosphériques de sulfates en mode fin de Kasatochi et Sarychev de 2008 et 2009. Une contrainte originale sur l'étiquetage des événements f en tant qu'événements de fumée était la corrélation entre f et l'abondance de CO récupérée par FTIR (le CO étant un produit de fumée classique). Pour démontrer la nature extrême de l'événement, nous avons utilisé une analyse ‘‘pic au-dessus du seuil’’ (Peak Over Threshold, POT) des pics f individuels au cours de notre période d'échantillonnage de 10 ans.
Le deuxième article était sans doute la contribution la plus importante et la plus originale de ce projet. Elle impliquait la réussite de l’application de techniques de télédétection pour détecter un panache de poussière à basse altitude et dans l'Extrême-Arctique (81 °N) au-dessus du lac Hazen (Ellesmere Island) en utilisant plusieurs techniques de télédétection passives et actives par satellite. Nous n'avons connaissance d'aucune publication traitant de la télédétection de la poussière locale de l'Arctique effectuée sur la surface complexe de neige, de glace et de poussière telle que présente au lac Hazen. Nous avons exploité les capacités d'imagerie multiangles et multispectrales (imagerie MISR et MODIS) ainsi que les capacités de profilage dépendantes de la taille des particules des capteurs actifs (le CALIOP lidar et le radar CloudSat) pour identifier et caractériser les propriétés physiques et optiques clés du panache de poussière. Cela a été accompli malgré le fait que les algorithmes de télédétection de tous ces capteurs n'étaient pas adaptés aux conditions arctiques. Nous avons réussi à caractériser l'épaisseur du panache supérieur (la région du signal comportant le bruit le plus élevé) en termes d’épaisseur optique à 532 nm (~ 0.7) et le rayon effectif des particules du panache (entre 18 et 25 µm de rayon; ce que les spécialistes du domaine qualifient de particules de poussière ‘‘géantes’’).Abstract: Global warming is one of the most serious challenges that we face today. The Arctic is particularly vulnerable to its effects. Aerosols play a key role in terms of their radiative forcing effects (both directly and indirectly in terms of their influence on clouds). They are, accordingly, one of the greatest uncertainty sources in climate modelling inasmuch as their microphysical, chemical and optical characteristics are not well understood.
Arctic aerosols can be categorized into anthropogenic and natural aerosols. Natural aerosols include black and brown carbon (BC and BrC), dust, sea-salt, volcanic sulphates and ash as well as level Ib polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The ultimate goal of the research project was to characterize the optical and microphysical properties of natural aerosols within the constraints of being able to capture specific events of opportunity. While we investigated numerous natural aerosol events over the Arctic, we eventually focussed on two extraordinary events.
In Paper 1, we employed ground-based sunphotometry, ground-based FTIR (Fourier Transform IR) retrievals, lidar profiles, satellite remote sensing and aerosol modelling to analyze an extreme, August-2017 smoke event over Eureka that was driven by pyrocb (extreme convection) fires near Prince George, BC. This paper was, we believe, an innovative and original contribution on various levels: first and foremost, in terms of the event as well as the instrumental infrastructure and expertise that we developed and brought to bear over many years at Eureka. It was also original in terms of the production of a 10-year f (fine mode optical depth) smoke climatology that excluded confounding events such as the 2008 and 2009 Kasatochi and Sarychev stratospheric intrusions of fine mode sulphates. An original constraint on the labelling of f events as smoke events was the correlation between f and FTIR-retrieved CO abundance (CO being a classical smoke product). To demonstrate the extreme nature of the event we employed a "peak over threshold" (POT) analysis of individual f peaks during our 10-year sampling period.
Paper 2 was arguably the most significant and original contribution. It involved the successful application of remote sensing techniques to detect a low-altitude, high-Arctic (81 °N) dust plume over Lake Hazen (Ellesmere Island) using a diverse array of passive and active, satellite-based remote sensing techniques. We are not aware of any published remote sensing investigations of local Arctic dust carried out over the complex surface of snow, ice and dust that was encountered in the Lake Hazen case. We exploited multi-angle and multi-spectral imaging capabilities (MISR and MODIS imagery) as well as the particle size dependant profiling capabilities of active sensors (the CALIOP lidar and the CloudSat radar) to identify and characterize the key physical and optical properties of the dust plume. This was accomplished in spite of the fact that the remote sensing algorithms of all these sensors were not adapted to Arctic conditions. We succeeded in characterizing the upper plume thickness (the region of highest signal-to-noise) in terms of 532 nm optical depth (~ 0.7) and the effective radius of the plume particles (between 18 and 25 µm in radius; what the dust community characterize as “giant” dust particles)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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