1,089 research outputs found
Preparation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Bioactivity against Drosophila suzukii
No full textThe encapsulation of pesticides within nanoparticles is a promising approach of advanced technology in sustainable agriculture. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) was encapsulated by the ionotropic gelation technique into chitosan (CS)/tripolyphosphate (TPP) and CS/alginate (ALG) matrixes. CS-LC nanoparticles were characterized, and their efficacy was then evaluated against the key pest of soft fruits in Europe and the United States, Drosophila suzukii. The encapsulation efficiency (74%), nanoparticle yield (80%), polydispersity index (0.341), zeta potential (-23.1 mV) and particle size (278 nm) were determined at the optimum conditions. FTIR confirmed the cross-linkage between CS and TPP/ALG in the nanoparticles. The optimum formula recommended by the fractional factorial design was associated with the formulation variables of CS of high or low molecular weight, cross-linking agent (TPP), LC concentration (1.5% w/v) and stirring rate (1500 rpm), showing the highest desirability value (0.5511). CS-LC nanoparticles of the lowest particle size (278 nm) exhibited the highest percent mortality of D. suzukii males (86%) and females (84%), exceeding that caused by the commercial product (Karate-zeon® 10% CS) at 2 HAT. This is the first work to use the ionic gelation technique to make LC nanoparticles, to the best of our knowledge. The encapsulation of chemical pesticides within biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles could be helpful for establishing a sustainable IPM strategy with benefits for human and environmental health and the lifetime of pesticides
Strategic Reforms for Accelerated Agricultural Growth in Pakistan
No full textAgricultural growth rates in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s show that strong growth during the 1960s was driven by several factors, including greater certainty in the use of irrigation water (as a result of an agreement with India), the introduction of productivityenhancing fertiliser-seed packages, the introduction of tubewells and the electrification of rural areas, and policy changes that improved the profitability of farming. Growth during the 1970s dropped to 2.3 percent as a result of the uncertainty created by land reforms in 1972 and 1977, severe climatic shocks, a cotton virus that depressed production for most of the decade, and political instability. The recovery in the 1980s and early 1990s can be attributed to the introduction of new cotton varieties and improved management techniques, as well as to a gradual improvement in economic incentives. Closer inspection of the nature and sources of this growth raises concerns about its sustainability and casts doubt on the ability of the sector to grow by more than 3–4 percent a year in the future. Many of the past sources of agricultural growth in Pakistan appear to have been fully exploited. Strategy for the future must effectively address the followings. Allowing the market to Operate, policy reforms that support the ongoing structural adjustment should be given top priority. To address the crisis in irrigation management market-determined incentives must be allowed to determine resource allocation within the irrigation system. Reform in extension should include establishing closer links with research institutions and reducing the number of front-line extension workers and replacing them with fewer, bettertrained workers who are more responsive to the needs of farming systems. Full-fledged land reform is difficult to enact and can be considered only after a comprehensive study of costs and benefits. Some important measures can be implemented immediately, however. Foremost is providing security of tenure to many farmers, especially tenants-at-will, thereby improving responsiveness to incentives and creating better incentives for long-term investments.
Communication Technologies for Vehicles: Third International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2011 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, March 23-24, 2011 Proceedings
No full textThe Communication Technologies for Vehicles workshop series provides an international forum on latest technologies and research in the field of intra- and inter-vehicle communications in which to present original research results in all areas relating to communication protocols and standards, mobility and traffic models, experimental and field operational testing, and performance analysis
Validation and application of Vierordt's spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of tamoxifen/coenzyme Q10 in their binary mixture and pharmaceutical dosage forms
No full textFor the sake of improving patient compliance and sustainability of chemotherapy healthcare system, both TC and CoQ10 were formulated as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The study was focused on establishing and validating a simple and reproducible spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of TC and CoQ10 in their binary mixture or pharmaceutical dosage forms. A new method based on simultaneous estimation of drug mixture without prior separation was developed. Validation parameters were checked with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The accuracy and reproducibility of proposed method was statistically compared to HPLC. The TC and CoQ10 were quantified at absorptivity wavelengths of 236 nm and 275 nm, respectively. Calibration curves obeyed Beer's law in range of 2–14 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999 in both methanol and simplified simulated intestinal fluid (SSIF). The %means recovery of TC and CoQ10 in pure state or binary mixture at various concentration levels were all around 100%. The low values of SD and %RSD (<2%) confirm high precision and accuracy of the proposed method. Formulated SLNs showed different %means recovery in range 81–92% for TC and 32–59% for CoQ10. The data obtained by applying simultaneous Vierordt's equations showed no statistical significance in comparison to HPLC. Vierordt's method was successfully applied as a simple, accurate, precise, and economical analysis method for estimating TC and CoQ10 concentrations in pure state, binary mixture and pharmaceutical dosage forms
Suitability of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Public Realm Analytical Framework
No full textAbstractRenewable Energy Technologies (RETs) are considered as one of the main solutions for energy efficiency in face of the climate change issue. Urban areas should contribute to the reduction in consumption of non-renewable energy sources by emphasizing on energy efficient solutions, which can play a vital role in the field of urban design and the nature of the public realm in cities, communities and neighbourhoods.This paper is concerned with the installation of RETs in the public realm. It aims to analyse the potentiality of installing RETs within the public spaces in addition to its effects and limitations. The paper sheds light on the physical aspects of the public realm, types of RETs and presents a framework identifying the RETs suitability to be used in the public spaces
Pakistan: Breaking out of stagflation into sustained growth
No full textThis paper proposes that the underlying cause of the macroeconomic problems facing Pakistan today are a series of supply shocks which have constrained output growth. It is argued that while the current debate has solely focused on government expenditures and revenues, it is critical to also address the acute energy shortages which is constraining supply. The paper goes on to present four recommendations for breaking out of the present stagflation: (i) prudent macroeconomic management, (ii) reviving the role of the government in development while restoring fiscal balance, (iii) loosening monetary policy in order to spur the private sector, and (iv) improving social safety nets.Economic Growth, Supply Shock, Pakistan
Varieties of Islamisation: varying contexts and changing strategies. By Abdul Rashid Moten. United Kingdom: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2023, pp. 190
No full textAbdul Rashid Moten's latest work, "Varieties of Islamization: Varying Contexts and Changing Strategies," is a timely contribution to the ongoing debate on the Islamization of the knowledge (IOK) movement. The IOK has evolved significantly over the past four decades and has encountered many global changes, resulting in its rebranding under various names, such as integration, de-secularization, dewesternization, and de-colonization. However, there is confusion about whether these terms refer to the same project or correspond to different projects with
mutually exclusive directions and premises. In addressing these issues, Rashid Moten's work
provides a framework that helps readers understand the genesis and later developments and
directions of the Islamization movement. As a veteran of the Islamization movement, the author
makes it clear that these different brand names are not meaningless and are instead significant. He
believes that these different terms sometimes reflect methodological and, at other times, strategic
shifts of the IOK discourse. For Rasheed Moten, the evolution of IOK movement symbolizes it’s
adaptability and dynamism. To elaborate this point further, the author has structured the book's
nine chapters in a way that guides readers in tracing the subtle intellectual moves within the lager
Islamization movement over the past few decades
Avtomatizacija BIM: Projektne možnosti za optimizacijo E energetske učinkovitosti
No full textThe building sector accounts for a significant amount of energy consumption, exerting a substantial environmental impact. Hence, prioritizing the enhancement and optimization of building energy performance is imperative for designers. However, designing such efficient buildings is a complex process, often leading designers to overlook this aspect. Many available tools primarily target energy prediction in final design stages rather than the conceptual phases, where critical decisions are made. Consequently, streamlining the initial design stage is essential. This is where Building Information Modeling (BIM) emerges as a potent force, reshaping the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. By harnessing BIM tools for automation, designers and architects can readily create energy-efficient, optimized buildings. This research aims to delve into the diverse applications of BIM automation techniques in design optimization and energy efficiency practices. The study seeks to ascertain and evaluate the potential advantages of integrating BIM automation during the design phase to bolster energy efficiency in buildings. The investigation employed several qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The methodology is concluded into three key phases: analysis of methodologies from prior studies, selecting the base-case for the study, and examining the proposed automation workflows. The study-case is a simple building designed by the author, serving as a base to assess the different workflows. The exploration encompasses three levels of methodological automation. The first level involves manual workflow application, which, while time consuming and prone to human errors, limits the design options exploration. The second level focused on visual programming workflows but struggled due to limitations and inflexibility of tools like Dynamo for automation. It\u27s evident that sole reliance on visual programming might not suffice for comprehensive automation. Integrating textual programming scripts emerges to augment and expedite the process more effectively. The final level merges both visual and textual programming, particularly Python. This workflow focused on fully automating design options generation, exporting to gbXML, optimization, and data analysis. The use of Python demonstrates its prowess in automation and data analysis, allowing for rapid, accurate creation of numerous design options. Through these investigations, the study gauges the efficacy and best practices of BIM automation in design optimization. The outcomes of the study culminate in proposed workflows for automating design optimization during early stages. Though limitations persist due to closed-source design tools, the role of programming in the design process is increasingly pivotal, offering unencumbered access to data for informed decisions.Gradbeni sektor je odgovoren za velik delež porabe energije in ima posledično znaten vpliv na okolje, zato je ena izmed prioritet načrtovalcev tudi izboljšava in optimizacija energijske učinkovitosti stavb. Vendar pa je načrtovanje energijsko učinkovitih stavb kompleksen proces, kar pogosto pomeni, da projektanti ta vidik pri načrtovanju spregledajo. Številka razpoložljiva orodja se v glavnem osredotočajo na analizo energijske porabe v zaključnih fazah načrtovanja, ne v zgodnjih, konceptualne fazah, ko se sprejemajo ključne odločitve, ki vplivajo na energijsko učinkovitost stavbe. Posledično je bistveno poenostaviti začetne faze načrtovanja. Tu se izkaže BIM (angl. Building Information Modelling) kot močno orodje, ki preoblikuje celotno gradbeno industrijo, saj lahko s pomočjo orodij BIM za avtomatizacijo načrtovalci lažje ustvarijo energetsko učinkovite in optimizirane stavbe. Namen te naloge je raziskati raznolike uporabe različnih tehnik avtomatizacije BIM za potrebe optimizacije projektnih rešitev in energijske učinkovitosti. Naloga si prizadeva ugotoviti in oceniti potencialne prednosti integracije avtomatizacije BIM tekom faze načrtovanja z namenom povečati energijske učinkovitosti stavb. Raziskava je uporabila več kvantitativnih in kvalitativnih metodologij. Metodologija je strjena v tri ključne faze: analiza metodologij iz prejšnjih študij, izbira osnovnega primera za študijo in pregled predlaganih delovnih tokov avtomatizacije. Osnovni primer, izbran za študijo primera, je enostavna stavba, ki jo je avtor naloge zasnoval z namenom testiranja različnih delovnih tokov. Raziskava zajema tri metodološke ravni avtomatizacije. Prva raven vključuje uporabo ročnega dela, ki poleg časovne potratnosti in nagnjenosti k nastopu človeških napak omejuje možnost proučevanja različnih variant projektnih rešitev. Druga raven se osredotoča na uporabo delovnih tokov, ki vključujejo vizualno programiranje. Izkaže se, da se zgolj zanašanje na vizualno programiranje morda ne zadošča za celovito avtomatizacijo. Kot dobra rešitev za povečanje učinkovitosti in pospešitev delovnega procesa se pojavi integracija tekstovnega programiranja znotraj vizualnega programiranja. Zadnja, tretja raven vključuje kombinacijo vizualnega in tekstualnega programiranja, konkretneje uporabo programskega jezika Python. Ta delovni tok se osredotoča na v celoti avtomatizirano generiranje različnih variant projektnih rešitev, izvoz v datotečni format gbXML, optimizacijo in analizo podatkov. Programski jezik Python se izkaže za zelo zmogljivega z vidika avtomatizacije in analize podatkov, saj omogoča hitro in natančno generiranje velikega števila variantnih rešitev. Rezultati opravljene študije tvorijo predlagani delovni tok za avtomatizacijo optimizacije projektnih rešitev v zgodnjih fazah načrtovanja. Čeprav so omejitve zaradi uporabe zaprto kodnih programskih orodij še vedno prisotne, postaja vloga programiranja v procesu načrtovanja vse pomembnejša, saj omogoča neoviran dostop do informacij za potrebe sprejemanja informiranih odločitev
Boron deficiency in rainfed wheat in pakistan: Incidence, spatial variability and management strategies
No full textBoron (B) deficiency is potentially an important nutrient constraint in calcareous soils. We determined B deficiency incidence and spatial distribution in rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1.82 Mha Pothohar plateau in Pakistan, its relationship with soil types, crop responses to B, and internal B requirement and B fertilizer use efficiency of wheat. Plant and soil analyses indicated deficiency in 64percent of the 61 sampled fields; geostatistics-aided contour maps delineated B deficient areas. In rainfed field experiments, B use increased wheat yields up to 11percent. Fertilizer requirement was 1.2 kg B ha-1; critical B concentration (mg kg-1) ranges were: young whole shoots, 4-6; flag leaves, 5-7. Boron uptake by wheat was 0.14-0.58percent of applied dosage, leaving substantial residual impact. Highly cost-effective B use or B-efficient genotype adoption can enhance wheat productivity and grower-income. Such effective nutrient assessment and management approaches can be beneficially adopted elsewhere as well. © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Alloway B. J., 2008, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICI; Berger KC, 1944, SOIL SCI, V57, P25, DOI 10.1097-00010694-194401000-00003; Bergmann W, 1992, NUTR DISORDERS PLANT; BHATTI AU, 1991, REMOTE SENS ENVIRON, V37, P181, DOI 10.1016-0034-4257(91)90080-P; Bingham F. T., 1982, Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, P431; GAINES TP, 1979, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V10, P1099, DOI 10.1080-00103627909366965; Goldberg S., 1993, Boron and its role in crop production., P3; Gupta U. C., 1993, BORON ITS ROLE CROP; Havlin J.L., 2005, SOIL FERTILITY FERTI; HOLLOWAY RE, 1992, AUST J AGR RES, V43, P987, DOI 10.1071-AR9920987; Jones J R, 1991, PLANT ANAL HDB; Keren R., 1985, ADV SOIL SCI, V1, P229; Li B, 1978, J NE AGR COLL, V3, P1; Munson R. D., 1990, Soil testing and plant analysis., P359; Rashid A, 2008, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICI, P149, DOI 10.1007-978-1-4020-6860-7_6; Rashid A, 1997, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V28, P441, DOI 10.1080-00103629709369802; Rashid A., 2006, P IFA INT WORKSH MIC; Rashid A, 1997, COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN, V28, P149, DOI 10.1080-00103629709369779; RERKASEM B, 1994, AGRON J, V86, P887; Rerkasem B, 1997, EUPHYTICA, V96, P257, DOI 10.1023-A:1003093532561; Rerkasem B, 2004, FIELD CROP RES, V89, P173, DOI 10.1016-j.fcr.2004.01.022; Reuter DJ, 1997, PLANT ANAL INTERPRET, P81; Reuter J., 1997, PLANT ANAL INTERPRET, P3; Shorrocks VM, 1997, PLANT SOIL, V193, P121, DOI 10.1023-A:1004216126069; Shorrocks V.M., 1992, P INT S ROL SULPH MA, P39; Soylu S, 2004, J PLANT NUTR, V27, P1077, DOI 10.1081-PLN-120037537; Subedi KD, 1997, EUPHYTICA, V95, P21, DOI 10.1023-A:1002926117203; TIWARI R J, 1988, Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, V36, P180; WEBB RA, 1972, J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH, V47, P309; WEIR RG, 1983, 1183 NEW S WAL DEP A; Yau SK, 2008, CROP SCI, V48, P854, DOI 10.2135-cropsci2007.10.053923
Parution : S W.Anthony (éd et trad),"The Expeditions. An Early Biography of Muhammad.By Mamar Ibn Rashid", mai.2014, New-York University Press.
No full text384 pages 2 maps illustrations May, 2014 ISBN: 9780814769638 Presentation The Expeditions is one of the oldest biographies of the Prophet Muhammad to survive into the modern era. Its primary author, Maʿmar ibn Rashid (714-770 AD/96-153 AH), was a prominent scholar from Basra in southern Iraq who was revered for his learning in prophetic traditions, Islamic law, and the interpretation of the Qurʾan. This fascinating foundational seminal work contains stories handed down by Maʿmar to his most..
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