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Expression and distribution of leptin and ghrelin in the digestive ap-paratus of DIO (diet-induced obesity) zebrafish
No full textExpression and distribution of leptin and ghrelin in the digestive ap-paratus of DIO (diet-induced obesity) zebrafish
Maruccio L, Russo F, Arcamone N, Mania M, Randazzo B, Ciriaco E
In this report we analyzed the expression and distribution of leptin and ghrelin in the digestive apparatus of DIO zebrafish. Leptin is anorexigenic peptide while ghrelin is orexigenic one. They act as antagonists. In this study in order to develop an obesity phenotype adult zebrafish were divided into two dietary groups. The con-trol group was fed with Artemia (5 mg cysts/fish/day) once per day. The overfeeding group was fed three times per day with Artemia (60 mg cysts/fish/day). For calorie restriction, the zebrafish was fed with Artemia (2.5 mg cysts/fish/day) for 2 weeks after being overfed for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, after 24h of fasting, the zebrafish digestive apparatus were sampled for immunohistochemistry, western blotting and qRT-PCR techniques. Leptin and ghrelin immunoreactivity were found in the enteric nervous system and neuroen-docrine cells in overfeeding and control zebrafish intestine. The number of immunopositive cells is greater in DIO zebrafish than in control ones. In both groups leptin immunoreactive nervous fibers were found around ducts and vessels of liver. The presence of proteins were confirmed by western blotting analysis. By qRT-PCR, leptin and ghrelin mRNA levels are higher in the overfeeding zebrafish intestine and in control zebrafish liver. The immunological detection of ghrelin and leptin in control zebrafish are in agreement with literature data. In DIO zebrafish the results are similar to those found for obese mammals. In conclusion, this study represent a starting point to investigate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of appetite and energy balance in DIO zebrafish
Quando perseverare "non" è diabolico. Dalla vicenda Dorigo un fondamentale stimolo alla possibile “revisione” del giudicato interno
No full textAttorno al modello di interpretazione convenzionalmente conforme e di verifica di costituzionalità della Cedu suggerito dalla giurisprudenza recente
No full textInterpretazione conforme al diritto comunitario ed efficienza economica: il principio di concorrenza
No full textIl lavoro racchiude l’esito delle riflessioni condotte nella relazione su “Interpretazione conforme al diritto CE e principio il concorrenza”, tenuta al Convegno annuale 2008 del gruppo di Pisa su “Interpretazione conforme e tecniche argomentative”. Lo studio muove dall’inquadramento dei presupposti teorici e dei limiti applicativi dell’interpretazione conforme al diritto CE delineatisi attraverso l’opera “creatrice” della Corte di Giustizia, ed è teso a verificare sul campo come tale canone ermeneutico operi in relazione a specifiche coordinate di principio, come, appunto, la finalità di tutela e promuovere un’economia di mercato aperta e in libera concorrenza. Un esame delle disposizioni comunitarie ed interne in materia consente di rintracciare la principale ratio giustificatrice della tecnica esegetica in esame nell’esigenza di guidare la concretizzazione dei “concetti giuridici indeterminati” in senso conforme alla concretizzazione operata in sede europea. Infine viene analizzata la giurisprudenza costituzionale interna al fine di apprezzare il grado di condizionamento spiegato dal rinvio al diritto comunitario sulle decisioni della Consulta nelle quali siano venuti in rilievo profili di natura concorrenziale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Agronomic evaluation and quality characterization of lentil accessions (Lens culinaris L.) in a Mediterranean environment
No full textAgronomic evaluation and quality characterization of lentil accessions (Lens culinaris L.) in a Mediterranean environmentLentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important grain legume cultivated in the Mediterranean region and used for human nutrition. An extensive differentiation of lentil over millennia has permitted the evolution of many landraces. These ecotypes often are the result of centuries of selective choices by local farmers and are characterized by high genetic variability and high adaptation to different environmental conditions. Presently, lentil is mainly cultivated in marginal areas of Central and Southern Italy and in Sicily small cultivation has permitted the evolution of local landraces. An understanding of the genetic relationships and diversity of lentil germoplasm, in relation to landraces collected in traditional cultivation areas of Sicily and from other countries, is important in attempting to widen the genetic resource in the region. 30 accessions of lentil obtained from FAO collection and 10 local ecotypes were evaluated for agro-morphological-qualitative traits in internal hilly environment of Sicily. A wide range of diversity of almost all of detected traits was recorded for the lentil accessions. Some accessions were characterized by a good adaptation to the semi-arid environment of internal environment of Sicily as shown by the comparison of its yield performance with that of populations native to Sicily or to other countries. The study of agronomic important traits, as plant height, showed less variability, even though some accessions could be used to adapt the crop to modern production techniques such as mechanical harvesting . The evaluation of this collection has shown an appreciable results that could foster future breeding programmes
Retention and excretion of microplastics by Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae reared on an amino formaldehyde polymer microbeads contaminated substrate
No full textYellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L., TM), one of the main cultured insect species, is used for feed and food. Larval stages of this species can be reared on several substrates, including grains and industrial by-products. However, this species may potentially accumulate contaminants from the substrate, including microplastics (MPs), which may represent a potential hazard for its utilization in food chain. Evidences for plastic degradation by mealworms have been reported, while there are few information about the retention of microplastics in the body and tissues of this species. The aim of the present study was to assess whether TM larvae reared on a MPs-contaminated substrate were able to retain MPs in body tissues and to evaluate the retention and excretion rate after fasting for 24 and 48 hours. For this purpose, fluorescent amino formaldehyde polymer microbeads (1-5 μm) were used to simulate a MPs contamination in the substrate used for larvae rearing. A relevant concentration of MPs were found in the gut and were associated with ingested feed. However, microscopic analyses indicated that the gut acts as a simple transit site and a barrier towards MPs migration in tissues. A marked reduction of MPS content was highlighted in larvae after fasting, even though a 48-hours fasting period was not sufficient to completely depurate insect gut from MPs. Results obtained in the present study suggest that the polymer microbeads used are recalcitrant to digestion by TM larvae, and show the relevant ability of depuration from MPs of this species. Taken together the results showed the suitability of TM to be reared on MPs contaminated substrates since larvae survival and growth resulted not hampered by the MPs presence and open cues on the fasting period able to completely depurate insect body from MPs residues
Ruolo della precessione colturale, della concimazione azotata e del genotipo sulla risposta produttiva e qualitativa del frumento duro in ambiente Mediterraneo
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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