215 research outputs found
Proceedings of the GermEval 2021 Workshop on the Identification of Toxic, Engaging, and Fact-Claiming Comments : 17th Conference on Natural Language Processing KONVENS 2021 / WLV-RIT at GermEval 2021: Multitask Learning with Transformers to Detect Toxic, Engaging, and Fact-Claiming Comments
No full textSkye Morgan, Tharindu Ranasinghe, Marcos Zampier
Unexpected species diversity within Sri Lanka's snakehead fishes of the Channa marulius group (Teleostei: Channidae)
No full textSudasinghe, Hiranya, Adamson, Eleanor A. S., Ranasinghe, R.H. Tharindu, Meegaskumbura, Madhava, Ikebe, Chiho, Britz, Ralf (2020): Unexpected species diversity within Sri Lanka's snakehead fishes of the Channa marulius group (Teleostei: Channidae). Zootaxa 4747 (1): 113-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.
FIGURE 16. A in A review of the genus Labeo (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka
No full textFIGURE 16. A, lateral view of body of the holotype of Labeo porcellus (NMW48827, 143 mm SL); B, L. porcellus (NBFGRKU.2016.10.10.02, 205 mm SL) from Thungabadra river at Hampi (Krishna River basin); close up of the head of C, Labeo porcellus (NMW48827); and D, L. porcellus (NBFGRKU.2016.10.10.02, 205 mm SL). A, and C courtesy of Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien.Published as part of Sudasinghe, Hiranya, Ranasinghe, R.H. Tharindu, Goonatilake, Sampath Alwis & Meegaskumbura, Madhava, 2018, A review of the genus Labeo (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4486 (3) on page 228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/143702
FIGURE 7 in Unexpected species diversity within Sri Lanka's snakehead fishes of the Channa marulius group (Teleostei: Channidae)
No full textFIGURE 7. Colouration of Sri Lankan Channa marulius. In life, A, subadult, ~240 mm SL, Rajanganaya, Kala Oya; B, adult, ~350 mm SL, Yan Oya Reservoir, Yan Oya. In preservation, C, adult, DZ 5229, 300 mm SL, Nacchaduwa, Malwathu Oya.Published as part of Sudasinghe, Hiranya, Adamson, Eleanor A. S., Ranasinghe, R.H. Tharindu, Meegaskumbura, Madhava, Ikebe, Chiho & Britz, Ralf, 2020, Unexpected species diversity within Sri Lanka's snakehead fishes of the Channa marulius group (Teleostei: Channidae), pp. 113-132 in Zootaxa 4747 (1) on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/369347
Labeo
No full textKey to the species of Labeo in Sri Lanka 1 Lateral line scales on body ± 40.......................................................................... 2 - Lateral line scales on body> 40.............................................................. Labeo heladiva 2 Scales between origin of dorsal fin and lateral line Ż 7........................................................ 3 - Scales between origin of dorsal fin and lateral line <7.................................................. L. rohita 3 ½8 scales between origin of dorsal fin and lateral line; 21–24 circumpeduncular scales; dorsal fin 23.3–28.2% SL....................................................................................................... L. lankae - 7–8 scales between origin of dorsal fin and lateral line; 17–20 circumpeduncular scales; dorsal fin 18.5–23.4% SL....................................................................................................... L. fisheriPublished as part of Sudasinghe, Hiranya, Ranasinghe, R. H. Tharindu, Goonatilake, Sampath Alwis & Meegaskumbura, Madhava, 2018, A review of the genus Labeo (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4486 (3) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/143702
Labeo heladiva Sudasinghe & Ranasinghe & Goonatilake & Meegaskumbura 2018, new species
No full text<i>Labeo heladiva,</i> new species <p>(Figures 2–3)</p> <p> <i>Labeo dussumieri</i> (from Sri Lanka, not Valenciennes, 1842): Günther, 1868: 59; Day, 1889: 262; Duncker, 1912: 261; Deraniyagala, 1952: 41; Munro, 1955: 46; Mendis & Fernando, 1962: 117; Senanayake, 1980: 146; Pethiyagoda, 1991:</p> <p>82; Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 206; Jayaram & Dhas, 2000: 22.</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Holotype</b>: 2018.08.01.NH, 134 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Attanagalu Oya basin: Uruwal Oya, 7°03'09"N 80°03'09"E, 17 m asl. H. Sudasinghe and R.H.T. Ranasinghe. Apr 2017.</p> <p> <i>……continued on the next page ……continued on the next page</i></p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>: DZ 3821, DZ 3148, DZ 3166, DZ 3168, 7, 108– 122 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Mahaweli River basin, Polonnaruwa: Amban river, 7°51'53"N 80°59'29"E, 54 m asl. H. Sudasinghe. Jun 2015; UPZM uncatalogued, 10, 201– 257 mm SL, Sri Lanka.</p> <p> <b>Other material</b>: Identified but not included in morphometric data. WHT 7904, 70.7 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Kala Oya basin, Eluwankulama; WHT 9258, 21, 73.9–117 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Mahaweli River basin, Polonnaruwa; WHT 30837, 133 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Mahaweli River basin, Seruwila; WHT 30863, 277 mm SL, Sri Lanka, Mahaweli River basin, Wasgamuwa.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> is distinguished from all Sri Lankan and peninsular-Indian congeners by the combination of the following characters: two pairs of barbels (maxillary and rostral); dorsal fin with 12–13 branched rays; lateral line with 44–51 scales; scales in transverse series ½8–½9+1+6–7; circumpeduncular scales 19–22; eye diameter 18.4–24.4 % HL; in life, 6–7 rows of scales on side of body above and between tip of pectoral fin and origin of anal fin with orange-colored patches, giving the appearance of an orange blotch; upper and lower margins of scales on the side of the body dark-pigmented, forming 9–13 hazy lines.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> For general appearance, see Figure 2; morphometric data are provided in Table 3. Maximum size 277 mm SL. Caudal peduncle short, its depth 73.4–97.1 % its length. Eyes medium-sized (18.4–21.5 % HL in specimens> 200 mm SL, 21.6–24.4 % HL in specimens <200 mm SL), located dorsolaterally, but visible in ventral view.</p> <p>Rostral fold poorly developed, slightly overlapping upper lip. Tubercles conoid, tuberculation prominent on rhinal, rostral, infraorbital fields; minute tuberculation on preorbital field (Figure 3). Upper labial fold with prominent lobed papillae in 4–5 rows; lower labial fold with prominent lobed papillae in 2–3 rows (Fig. 3C). Maxillary barbel embedded in lip fold, tip externally visible. Rostral barbel located on medial margin of rostral flap. Maxillary barbel longer than rostral, just reaching vertical through anterior-most point of nares.</p> <p>Dorsal fin with two simple and 12 (9) or 13 (4) branched rays; first simple ray stiff, about half length of second. Pectoral fin with one simple and 14 (2), 15 (6) or 16 (6) branched rays. Pelvic fin with one simple and eight (14) branched rays. Origin of pelvic fin beneath 4th branched ray of dorsal fin. Anal fin with two simple and five (13) branched rays; first simple ray stiff, less than half length of second simple ray. Caudal fin forked, with 9+9 (2) or 9+8 (9) branched rays in upper and lower lobe, respectively. Upper caudal-fin lobe slightly longer than lower.</p> <p>Lateral line complete, with 44 (2), 45 (6), 46 (6), 47 (8), 48 (8), 49 (6), 50 (4) or 51 (2) + 1–3 scales. Scales in transverse series ½8+1+6 (11), ½8+1+6½ (6), ½8+1+7 (7), ½8+1+7½ (1), 9+1+6 (5), 9+1+6½ (3), 9+1+7 (2), ½9+1+6½ (1) or ½9+1+7 (5). Predorsal scales 19 (1), 20 (4), 21 (11) or 22 (2). Prepelvic scales 30 (1), 32 (1), 33 (1), 34 (2), 35 (2), 36 (1), 37 (3), 38 (3). Circumpeduncular scales 19 (1), 20 (10), 21 (24), 22 (7).</p> <p> <b>Coloration.</b> In 70% alcohol (Fig. 2B): head and body dull greyish brown dorsally, becoming lighter laterally, off-white ventrally. All fins with greyish-black melanophores along rays. Interradial membrane of fins darker than rays. Tubercles white. Black blotch at caudal peduncle about seven scales long, five high. Lateral body with 9–13 hazy black lines, extending from opercular membrane to caudal peduncle (these lines result from the fusion of black pigments on the dorsal and ventral scale margins).</p> <p>In life (Fig. 2A): dorsally silvery grey, becoming lighter laterally. Venter white. Six to seven rows of scales on sides of body above and between distal margin of pectoral fin and origin of anal fin with orange-colored patches, giving the appearance of a vague orange blotch. Black blotch at caudal peduncle, about seven scales long, five scales high. Dorsal, caudal, pectoral fins dull greyish-brown to hyaline. Pelvic and anal fins lighter (or hyaline), with dark pigmentation at their bases. Tubercles whitish. Side of body with 9–13, hazy black lines, extending from opercular membrane to caudal peduncle, along dorsal and ventral margin of scales.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name, <i>heladiva</i>, is a historical Sinhala name for Sri Lanka; applied as a noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Comparative morphometrics.</b> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> is distinguished from <i>L. fisheri</i> by having 44–51 (vs. 37–39: Fig. 4A) lateral line scales; a count of ½8–½9+1+6–7½ (vs. 7–8+1+4½–6: Fig. 4B) scales in transverse series; 19– 22 (vs. 17–20: Fig. 4D) circumpeduncular scales; and 2–3 (vs. 4–5) rows of prominent lobed papillae on the lower labial fold. It differs from the only other species of <i>Labeo</i> native to Sri Lanka, <i>L. lankae</i>, by having a greater lateralline scale count (44–51 vs. 36–39: Fig. 4A); and rows of 2–3 (vs. 4–5) prominent lobed papillae on the lower labial fold.</p> <p> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> can be distinguished from <i>L. rohita</i> (now naturalized in Sri Lanka), by having 44–51 (vs. 38– 40) lateral-line scales and ½8–½9 (vs. ½6–½7) scales between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line.</p> <p> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> can be distinguished from the South Indian <i>L. dussumieri</i>, its closest congener, by possessing longer rostral barbels (5.5–10.2% HL vs. 4.0–5.1%); 44–51 vs. 50–60 lateral-line scales; 19–22 vs. 22–27 circumpeduncular scales; and 5–6½ vs 6½–7½ scales from the lateral line to the anal-fin origin.</p> <p> Seven other peninsular-Indian species of <i>Labeo</i> are considered to be valid (Eschmeyer <i>et al</i>. 2017): <i>Labeo potail</i> (Sykes), <i>L. porcellus</i> (Heckel), <i>L. boggut</i> (Sykes), <i>L. fimbriatus</i> (Bloch), <i>L. kawrus</i> (Sykes), <i>L. kontius</i> (Jerdon) and <i>L. nigrescens</i> Day. In addition, Jayaram & Dhas (2000) recorded <i>L. boga</i> (Hamilton), <i>L. calbasu</i> (Hamilton), <i>L. dyocheilus</i> (McClelland), <i>L. gonius</i> (Hamilton) and <i>L. pangusia</i> (Hamilton) from peninsular India.</p> <p> <i>Labeo heladiva</i> differs from <i>L. porcellus</i>, <i>L. potail</i>, <i>L. boggut</i>, <i>L. kawrus</i>, <i>L. kontius</i>, <i>L. nigrescens</i>, <i>L. boga</i>, <i>L. gonius</i> and <i>L. pangusia</i> by having 44–51 lateral-line scales (vs. 36–37 in <i>L. porcellus</i>; 39–41 in <i>L. potail</i>; 55–65 in <i>L. boggut</i>; 38 in <i>L. kawrus</i>; 30–42 in <i>L. kontius</i>; 36–37 in <i>L. nigrescens</i>; 37–39 in <i>L. boga</i>; 65–80 in <i>L. gonius</i>; and 40–42 in <i>L. pangusia</i>). <i>Labeo heladiva</i> further differs from <i>L. boggut</i>, <i>L. kawrus</i>, <i>L. boga</i>, <i>L. dyocheilus</i>, <i>L. pangusia</i>, and <i>L. potail</i> by having two pairs of barbels (vs. a single pair, except in <i>L. potail</i>, which altogether lacks barbels). The new species can be distinguished from <i>L. porcellus</i>, <i>L. boggut</i>, <i>L. fimbriatus</i>, <i>L. nigrescens</i>, <i>L. boga</i>, <i>L. calbasu</i>, and <i>L. gonius</i> by having ½8–½9+1+6–7½ scales in transverse series (vs. ½6–½7+1+½ 5–6 in <i>L. porcellus</i>; ½10–12+1+8½– 9 in <i>L. boggut</i>; ½9–10+1+6½–7½ in <i>L. fimbriatus</i>; ½6–½7+1+5½ in <i>L. nigrescens</i>; 7– ½7+1+5–5½ in <i>L. boga</i>; ½7–½9+1+5½–6½ in <i>L. calbasu</i>; 12–14+1+10½– 13 in <i>L. gonius</i>). Further, <i>L. heladiva</i> differs from <i>L. boggut</i>, <i>L. fimbriatus</i>; <i>L. kawrus</i>, <i>L. nigrescens</i>; <i>L. boga</i>; <i>L. dyocheilus</i>; and <i>L. gonius</i> by having 12– 13 branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 9–10 in <i>L. boggut</i>; 15–19 in <i>L. fimbriatus</i>; 9 in <i>L. kawrus</i>; 14 in <i>L. nigrescens</i>; 8–9 in <i>L. boga</i>; 9–10 in <i>L. dyocheilus</i>; and 14–16 in <i>L. gonius</i>).</p> <p> <b> Reconstruction of haplotype network for <i>Labeo dussumieri</i> and <i>L. heladiva.</i></b> The two TCS networks for the COI and cytb genes formed two clearly-separated haplotype groups for the Sri Lankan <i>L</i>. <i>heladiva</i> and the Indian <i>L. dussumieri</i>, with no sharing of haplotypes between the two species (Figure 5). In Sri Lanka, the wet zone (H 1 in the two networks) and dry zone populations (H2 and H3) of <i>L. heladiva</i> formed two distinct groups with 5 and 15 mutations for COI and cytb, respectively. The Indian <i>L. dussumieri</i> is more divergent from the Sri Lanka wet-zone population of <i>L. heladiva</i> than the Sri Lankan dry zone population for the cytb genes (25 mutations, vs. 20). However, for COI, the Indian population of <i>L. dussumieri</i> showed a greater divergence from the Sri Lankan dry zone population of <i>L. heladiva</i> than the wet zone (10 vs 7 mutations). <i>Labeo rajasthanicus</i> Datta & Majumdar, a species recently validated by Lal <i>et al</i>. (2015) is morphologically and genetically similar to <i>L. dussumieri</i>. However, <i>L. rajasthanicus</i> is divergent from <i>L. heladiva</i> by a minimum of 10 mutations for the COI gene.</p>Published as part of <i>Sudasinghe, Hiranya, Ranasinghe, R. H. Tharindu, Goonatilake, Sampath Alwis & Meegaskumbura, Madhava, 2018, A review of the genus Labeo (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 4486 (3)</i> on pages 204-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1437022">http://zenodo.org/record/1437022</a>
Rediscovery of the elusive moray Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Teleostei: Muraenidae) from Sri Lanka after 84 years
No full textPhylogenetic and phylogeographic insights into Sri Lankan killifishes (Teleostei: Aplocheilidae).
No full textThree nominal species of the killifish genus Aplocheilus are reported from the lowlands of Sri Lanka. Two of these, Aplocheilus dayi and Aplocheilus werneri, are considered endemic to the island, whereas Aplocheilus parvus is reported from both Sri Lanka and Peninsular India. Here, based on a collection from 28 locations in Sri Lanka, also including a dataset of Asian Aplocheilus downloaded from GenBank, we present a phylogeny constructed from the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb), mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), and nuclear recombination activating protein 1 (rag1), and investigate the interrelationships of the species of Aplocheilus in Sri Lanka. The endemic Sri Lankan aplocheilid clade comprising A. dayi and A. werneri is recovered as the sister group to the clade comprising A. parvus from Sri Lanka and Aplocheilus blockii from Peninsular India. The reciprocal monophyly of A. dayi and A. werneri is not supported in our molecular phylogeny. A. dayi and A. werneri display strong sexual dimorphism, but species-level differences are subtle, explained mostly by pigmentation patterns. Their phenotypes exhibit a parapatric distribution and may represent locally adapted forms of a single species. Alternatively, the present study does not rule out the possibility that A. dayi and A. werneri may represent an incipient species pair or that they have undergone introgression or hybridization in their contact zones. We provide evidence that the Nilwala-Gin region of southwestern Sri Lanka may have acted as a drought refugium for these fishes
Comparing Human and Machine Translation: a Survey with Italian University Students Learning Russian
No full textThe paper presents the results of a survey conducted to evaluate the ability of Italian-speaking students learning Russian to compare three types of translation: machine, human, and post-edited. The task was assigned to four groups of students enrolled in two Italian universities and comprised three parts. First, participants were asked to classify the three translations. Second, they were required to state which text was more suitable for journalistic use and which one they preferred. In the third section, they were asked to identify the differences between the three translations. The results showed that students who attended
more specialized courses on translation performed better in the classification task. Some students expressed a preference for automatic and post-edited translations and found them more suitable for journalistic use. Interestingly, this was sometimes the case even for students who did not fail in the classification task. Finally, the analysis of individual responses to the last question revealed that the distinctions between the three translations are not always easily recognized, and the students’ use of metalanguage often lacks precision and awareness
Sri Lanka’s elusive freshwater spiny eel, Macrognathus pentophthalmos (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae)
No full textThis study focuses on Macrognathus pentophthalmos, one of the two freshwater spiny eel species in Sri Lanka, which was once abundant in lowland floodplains. However, since the 1980s, this species has experienced a significant population decline, the causes of which remain unknown. It is presently assessed as Critically Endangered in the National Red List. Here, we report on a juvenile and an adult M. pentophthalmos discovered in the dry zone lowlands of the island. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 marker, we reveal subtle genetic differences between M. pentophthalmos and its Indian congener, M. aral. Additionally, we delve into the historical records of M.
pentophthalmos in Sri Lanka, tracing its decline, and suggest strategic hotspots for further investigation into its current status. This study aims to contribute insights into the enigmatic decline of this species while shedding light on its genetic relationships and proposing targeted areas for conservation efforts
- …
