7 research outputs found
Effects of extrusion slit on the flow and heat-transfer characteristics from a continuously moving material with suction or injection
No full textThe flow and heat-transfer characteristics over a continuously moving horizontal material with suction or injection are studied very close and far away downstream from the extrusion slit. The ®nite-volume method is used to map out the solutions in the nonsimilar and similar regions subject to uniform surface velocity and temperature. The e ects of Prandtl number (Pr), suction/injection parameter (d) and Reynolds number (Rex) on the friction and heat-transfer coe cients are studied. Comparisons with the similarity method solutions downstream at high Rex are made. Critical Reynolds numbers to distinguish between the self-similar and nonsimilar regions are obtained. The region very close to the slit is characterized by: (i) a rapid increase in skin-friction coe cient
with increasing suction, or with increasing injection above d 0.45; the lowest friction coe cient is attained at an injection parameter d 0.45, and (ii) large heat-transfer coe cient which increases with increasing Prandtl number and suction, and decreases with increasing injection. On the other hand, downstream where the similarity solution is valid both the skin-friction and heattransfer coe cients reach asymptotic values depending on d and, for the latter, on Pr.Corresponding Author:
Dr. Sami Ali Al-Sanea, Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. Email: [email protected]
A Machine Learning-Based Model for Implementing the Cybersecurity for Organizations ‘Assets
No full textAbstract In the current era cybersecurity problems are one of the critical problems that threaten the organizations assets since they may cause a big financial and moral loss and in the parallel the with the advent of the Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence techniques It is important and wise to use these technologies to help in achieving cybersecurity for organizations assets due to accurate work of these systems and saving time effort and cost So this research develops a model that uses machine learning technology to detect the vulnerability in the information security of the organizations assets to avoid as possible the lack of the information security in organizations assets and thus avoid the financial and moral loss that such organizations may fac
Opresi Terhadap Perempuan di Ranah Domestik dalam Novel The Girls of Riyadh Karya Raja Al Sanea
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan opresi yang dialami oleh tokoh perempuan di ranah domestic dalam novel The Girls of Riyadh karya Rajaa Al Sanea; perlawanan mereka terhadap ketidakadilan berbasis gender; dan sejauh mana karya ini memotret ketidakberdayaan perempuan Arab modern dalam kehidupan rumah tangga mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel ini menggambarkan opresi laki-laki terhadap perempuan Arab modern dalam kehidupan rumah tangga berupa subalternasi, pengabaian, domestikfikasi perempuan, dan terjadi kekerasan baik secara fisik, psikis, maupun verbal. Perempuan Arab modern melakukan perlawanan dengan cara membangun keberanian dan belajar menjadi wanita mandiri, memperbaiki kualitas diri, meningkatkan kesadaran akan ketimpangan pola relasi gender, dan menolak kebijakkan yang membelenggu kemajuan perempuan. Karya ini memotret kondisi sosial masyarakat Arab Saudi ketika karya diciptakan dimana perempuan dibatasi oleh berbagai aturan yang mempersempit ruang geraknya dan menjadikan mereka sebagai individu yang pasif dan sulit berkembang di ranah public. Perempuan diikat oleh system perwalian yang mengharuskan mereka tergantung sepenuhnya pada wali (ayah, saudara laki-laki, dan suami). Ironisnya, para wali yang seharusnya melindungi perempuan malah memperlakukan mereka dengan tidak adil bahkan perempuan juga memperoleh berbagai kekerasan fisik dalam kehidupan domestic. Karya ini diciptakan pengarang sebagai corong untuk protes atas opresi, kekerasan, dan ketidakadilan berbasis gender yang mereka terima.
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Abstract
This study aims to describe the oppression experienced by female characters in the domestic life in Rajaa Al Sanea's novel The Girls of Riyadh; their resistance to gender-based injustice; and how far this work portrays the powerlessness of modern Arab women in their household life. The results of the research show that this novel depicts male’s oppression against modern Arab women in domestic life in the form of subalternation, neglect, domestication of women, and violence both physically, psychologically, and verbally. Modern Arab women take the fight by building courage and learning to be independent women, improving self-quality, increasing awareness of inequality in patterns of gender relations, and rejecting policies that shackle women's progress. This work portrays the social conditions of Saudi Arabian society when works are created where women are limited by various rules that narrow their space for movement and make them passive individuals who find it difficult to develop in the public. Women are bound by a guardianship system that requires them to depend entirely on guardians (fathers, brothers, and husbands). Ironically, guardians who are supposed to protect women treat them unfairly and even women experience physical violence in domestic life. This work was created by the author as a mouthpiece for protesting the oppression, violence, and gender-based injustice they receive.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan opresi yang dialami oleh tokoh perempuan di ranah domestic dalam novel The Girls of Riyadh karya Rajaa Al Sanea; perlawanan mereka terhadap ketidakadilan berbasis gender; dan sejauh mana karya ini memotret ketidakberdayaan perempuan Arab modern dalam kehidupan rumah tangga mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel ini menggambarkan opresi laki-laki terhadap perempuan Arab modern dalam kehidupan rumah tangga berupa subalternasi, pengabaian, domestikfikasi perempuan, dan terjadi kekerasan baik secara fisik, psikis, maupun verbal. Perempuan Arab modern melakukan perlawanan dengan cara membangun keberanian dan belajar menjadi wanita mandiri, memperbaiki kualitas diri, meningkatkan kesadaran akan ketimpangan pola relasi gender, dan menolak kebijakkan yang membelenggu kemajuan perempuan. Karya ini memotret kondisi sosial masyarakat Arab Saudi ketika karya diciptakan dimana perempuan dibatasi oleh berbagai aturan yang mempersempit ruang geraknya dan menjadikan mereka sebagai individu yang pasif dan sulit berkembang di ranah public. Perempuan diikat oleh system perwalian yang mengharuskan mereka tergantung sepenuhnya pada wali (ayah, saudara laki-laki, dan suami). Ironisnya, para wali yang seharusnya melindungi perempuan malah memperlakukan mereka dengan tidak adil bahkan perempuan juga memperoleh berbagai kekerasan fisik dalam kehidupan domestic. Karya ini diciptakan pengarang sebagai corong untuk protes atas opresi, kekerasan, dan ketidakadilan berbasis gender yang mereka terima
الصراع الإجتماعي في رواية "بنات الرياض" لرجاء الصانع: دراسة أدبية إجتماعية عند إيان وات
No full textمستخلص البحث
رواية "بنات الرياض" قصة عبر البريد الإلكتروني لأربع فتيات مروع المملكة العربية السعودية. يتنوع تعبيره بشكل كبير من خلال الروايات المقدمة، والتي تحكي قصة صديقة في نهاية كل أسبوع. هذه الرواية مثيرة للجدل لأنها تناقش المجتمع السعودي بطريقة مختلفة تمامًا. دافعه هو الانتقام لاستبداد الحياة والمجتمع ضد أصدقائه.
هذا النوع من البحث هو بحث نوعي وصفي. المصدر الأساسي للبيانات المستخدمة هو رواية "فتيات الرياض" لرجاء الصانع. في حين أن مصادر البيانات الثانوية المستخدمة هي الكتب أو المقالات ذات الصلة لتعزيز الحجة وأيضًا استكمال نتائج هذه الدراسة. تقنيات جمع البيانات المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة هي تقنيات الترجمة وتقنيات القراءة وتقنيات تدوين الملاحظات. وكانت نتائج هذه الدراسة (1) أربعة أشكال للسياق الاجتماعي للمؤلف في رواية "بنات الرياض" (2) وثلاثة انعكاسات للمجتمع في رواية "بنات الرياض". نهج علم اجتماع الأدب هو نهج للأدب يأخذ في الاعتبار الجانب الاجتماعي. وجد إيان وات ثلاثة مناهج مختلفة ، وهي السياق الاجتماعي للمؤلف ، والأدب كمرآة للمجتمع ، والوظيفة الاجتماعية للأدب.
ABSTRACT
The novel "The Girls of Riyadh" is a story about four girls' emails that very massive in Saudi Arabia. The expressions are very diverse through the narrations that are presented, telling the stories of his friends every weekend. This novel has a phenomenon because it discusses Saudi Arabian society in a very different ways. Its motivation is to avenge the tyranny of life and society against his friends.
This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The primary data source used is the novel "The Girls of Riyadh" by Raja Al Sanea. While the secondary data sources used are books or articles that are relevant to strengthen the argument and also complement the results of this study. Data collection techniques used in this study are translation techniques, reading techniques, and note-taking techniques. The results of this study are (1) there are four forms of the author's social context in the novel "The Girls of Riyadh" (2) and three reflections of society in the novel "The Girls of Riyadh". The sociology of literature approach is an approach to literature that considers the social aspect. Ian Watt found three different approaches, namely the social context of the author, literature as a mirror of society, and the social function of literature.
ABSTRAK
Novel “The Girls of Riyadh” merupakan kisah email empat gadis yang menghebohkan Saudi Arabia. Ekspresinya sangat beragam melalui narasi-narasi yang dihadirkan, menceritakan kisah temannya disetiap akhir pekan. Novel ini memiliki kontroversial karena membahas masyarakat Saudi Arabia dengan cara yang sangat berbeda. Motivasinya untuk membalas tirani kehidupan dan masyarakat terhadap teman-temannya.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun sumber data primer yang digunakan adalah novel “The Girls of Riyadh” karya Raja Al Sanea. Sedangkan sumber data sekunder yang digunakan adalah buku-buku atau artikel yang mempunyai relevan untuk memperkuat argumentasi dan juga melengkapi hasil dari penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik terjemah, teknik baca, dan teknik catat. Hasil dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) terdapat empat bentuk konteks sosial pengarang dalam novel “The Girls of Riyadh” (2) serta tiga cerminan masyarakat dalam novel “The Girls of Riyadh”. Pendekatan sosiologi sastra merupakan pendekatan terhadap sastra yang mempertimbangkan dari segi kemasyarakatannya. Ian Watt menemukan tiga pendekatan yang berbeda yaitu konteks sosial pengarang, sastra sebagai cermin masyarakat, dan fungsi sosial sastra
Optimal location and thickness of insulation layers for minimizing building energy consumption
No full textThis work aims to optimize the position and thickness of insulation layers in building external wall for climates in the coastal Mediterranean zone and in the inland plateau of Lebanon. A space and an air-conditioning system performance models are developed to predict the space and system loads and associated thermal comfort of occupants. A genetic algorithm is used for the optimization of the life cycle cost of the insulation based on energy load while including the productivity loss associated with thermal discomfort during transient periods. For continuous operation of building HVAC system, adding insulation reduces life cycle cost by 20percent over current thermal code requirements. During intermittent operation, locating the insulation at the inner side of the walls results in 15percent reduction in energy load compared to locating it on the outer wall. The optimum thickness varied between 3 cm and 5 cm depending on wall orientation climate season. © 2012 International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA).Al-Sanea S.A., 2001, J THERM ENVELOPE BUI, V24, P275, DOI 10.1106-07E7-FGCJ-MFF7-974W; Al-Sanea S.A., 2002, INT J AMBIENT ENERGY, V23, P115; [Anonymous], 1982, LBL11353 US DEP EN; Bojic M, 2001, ENERG BUILDINGS, V33, P569, DOI 10.1016-S0378-7788(00)00125-0; Bollaturk A., 2006, APPL THERM ENG, V26, P1301; Caldas LG, 2003, J SOL ENERG-T ASME, V125, P343, DOI 10.1115-1.1591803; Chaaban FB, 1998, ENERG POLICY, V26, P487, DOI 10.1016-S0301-4215(98)00011-1; Chow TT, 2002, ENERG BUILDINGS, V34, P103, DOI 10.1016-S0378-7788(01)00085-8; Coley DA, 2002, BUILD ENVIRON, V37, P1241, DOI 10.1016-S0360-1323(01)00106-8; Daouas N, 2011, APPL ENERG, V88, P156, DOI 10.1016-j.apenergy.2010.07.030; El-Fadel M., 2010, ENERG POLICY, V38, P751; Fisk WJ, 1997, INDOOR AIR, V7, P158, DOI 10.1111-j.1600-0668.1997.t01-1-00002.x; Ghaddar N, 2010, INT J ENERG RES, V34, P1328, DOI 10.1002-er.1677; Ghaddar N, 2011, ENERG BUILDINGS, V43, P2832, DOI 10.1016-j.enbuild.2011.06.040; Ghaddar N, 1998, INT J ENERG RES, V22, P523, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1099-114X(199805)22:6523::AID-ER3733.0.CO;2-R; Ghali K, 2011, INT J HVAC IN PRESS; Houri A, 2005, INT J ENERG RES, V29, P755, DOI 10.1002-er.1086; Huang W, 1997, ENERG BUILDINGS, V26, P277, DOI 10.1016-S0378-7788(97)00008-X; Itani T., 2011, INT J SUSTA IN PRESS; Keblawi A, 2009, ENERG BUILDINGS, V41, P1155, DOI 10.1016-j.enbuild.2009.05.009; Kosonen R, 2004, ENERG BUILDINGS, V36, P987, DOI 10.1016-j.enbuild.2004.06.021; Kossecka E, 2002, ENERG BUILDINGS, V34, P321, DOI 10.1016-S0378-7788(01)00121-9; Lebanese Ministry of Public Works and Transport, 2005, CLIM ZON BUILD LEB; Lebanon Green Building Council, 2011, REV LEB THERM GUID B; Math Works, 2009, MATLAB; Niemela R, 2002, ENERG BUILDINGS, V34, P759, DOI 10.1016-S0378-7788(02)00094-4; Ozel M, 2011, APPL ENERG, V88, P2429, DOI 10.1016-j.apenergy.2011.01.049; Ozel M, 2007, BUILD ENVIRON, V42, P3051, DOI 10.1016-j.buildenv.2006.07.025; Patankar S. V., 1980, NUMERICAL HEAT TRANS; Ruble E., 2011, ENERG POLICY, V39, P2467; Tse W.L., 2007, HVACandR RES, V13, P5; Tsilingiris PT, 2006, ENERG BUILDINGS, V38, P1022, DOI 10.1016-j.enbuild.2005.11.012; Ucar A, 2010, RENEW ENERG, V35, P88, DOI 10.1016-j.renene.2009.07.009; Visual DOE 4.0 software, 2005, VIS DOE 4 0 SOFTW; Wright JA, 2002, ENERG BUILDINGS, V34, P959, DOI 10.1016-S0378-7788(02)00071-3; Zhang H, 2003, HUMAN THERMAL SENSAT32
Diaspora poetics of Fadia Faqir, a daughter of Allah
No full textAo nos decidirmos, inicialmente, por um levantamento arqueológico de mulheres escritoras árabes/muçulmanas para uma escolha posterior de obras que nos levassem a um maior conhecimento dessa literatura, deparamos com a escassez de traduções e publicações no Brasil, em comparação com o grande número existente em outros países, principalmente da Europa e da América do Norte. Acreditamos que isso se deva a maior presença dessas mulheres escritoras em tais continentes, gerando um fascínio pelo exótico, mas também um misto de atração e repulsão, sempre acompanhado de estereótipos, já enraizados pelo orientalismo. No Brasil, no entanto, salvo raras exceções, as editoras voltaram-se quase que exclusivamente para as autobiografias de mulheres que tecem duras críticas aos seus países de origem, às suas leis, à situação e normas de conduta para as mulheres, na maioria restritivas e opressoras, reafirmando uma imagem já impregnada de preconceitos. Vemos assim que a oferta de publicações em nosso país também nos impede uma visão mais abrangente e nos força a ratificar impressões essencialistas que em nada contribuem para o conhecimento e possível fruição da literatura produzida por essas mulheres, agora veladas, inclusive, por questões mercadológicas que camuflam e perpetuam as mesmas visões engessadas. Na tentativa de fugir desses relatos, sempre carregados de perseguição e dor, priorizamos para o nosso estudo o romance Meu nome é Salma, da autora jordaniano-britânica Fadia Faqir pois sua narrativa, produzida em língua inglesa, envolve outros dilemas, característicos da literatura diaspórica. Paralelamente, por ser o intuito desta dissertação propor um primeiro mapeamento acadêmico no Brasil sobre a produção de autoras árabes/muçulmanas, outras obras entram em diálogo com a obra de Fadia Faqir, procurando identificar possíveis convergências entre elas, sem deixar de observar, naturalmente, a especificidade de cada obra. Partindo de uma perspectiva libertária e procurando verificar as maneiras pelas quais algumas mulheres empregam suas narrativas em transformações de paradigmas discursivos e escópicos que tentam apreender a mulher árabe/muçulmana, veremos também as obras Miragem da autora egípcio-americana Soheir Khashoggi e Vida dupla da autora saudita Rajaa Al-Sanea a fim de verificarmos, como delineado pela ginocrítica de Elaine Showalter, outros fatores que são determinantes literários tão significativos quanto o gênero, pois refletem aspectos culturais fixados nos textos de maneira indelével e suscitam questões fundamentais para a nossa compreensão. Pensamos que através deste exercício crítico que traz essas escritas à tona, poderemos dissipar os arraigados estereótipos e alcançar uma melhor compreensão do mundo islâmico e da mulher muçulmana, muitas vezes exilada, na confluência entre Ocidente e Oriente.When deciding, initially, for an archaeological survey of Arab/Muslim women writers for a later choice of works which would lead us to a greater knowledge of this literature, we faced the scarcity of translations and publications in Brazil, in comparison with the large number which exists in other countries, mainly in Europe and North America. We believe that this is due to the greater presence of these women writers in such continents, creating a fascination with the exotic, but also a mixture of attraction and repulsion, always accompanied by stereotypes, already rooted by Orientalism. In Brazil, however, with a few rare exceptions, publishers turned almost exclusively to the autobiographies of women who harshly criticize their countries of origin, their laws, the situation and rules of conduct for women, most of which are restrictive and oppressive, reaffirming an image already steeped in prejudice. We thus see that the supply of publications in our country also prevents us from taking a more comprehensive view and forces us to ratify essentialist impressions which in no way contribute to the knowledge and possible enjoyment of the literature produced by these women, now veiled, by marketing issues which camouflage and perpetuate the same plastered visions. So as to escape these accounts, always laden with persecution and pain, we prioritized the novel My name is Salma, by the Jordanian-British author Fadia Faqir because her narrative, written in English, involves other dilemmas, such as those of diasporic literature. At the same time, as the aim of this dissertation is to propose a first academic mapping in Brazil on the production of Arab/Muslim authors, other works enter into dialogue with Fadia Faqir’s narrative, as we seek to identify possible convergences between them, while naturally observing the specificity of each work. Starting from a libertarian perspective and trying to verify by what means some women use their narratives to transform the discursive and scopophiliac paradigms which try to apprehend the Arab/Muslim woman, we will also be using the works Mirage by the Egyptian-American author Soheir Khashoggi and The girls of Riyadh by Saudi author Rajaa Al-Sanea in order to verify, as outlined by Elaine Showalter’s gynocritics, other factors that are literary determinants as significant as gender, for they reflect cultural aspects indelibly fixed in the texts and raise fundamental questions for our understanding. We assume that through this critical exercise which elicit these writings, we will be able to dispel ingrained stereotypes and to achieve a better understanding of the Islamic world and the Muslim woman, often in exile at the confluence between West and East.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)88887.191124/2018-0
أزمة هوية المرأة في رواية بنات الرياض لرجاء عبد الله الصانع على أساس نظر فريدريك جيمسون
No full textمستخلص البحث
حملت ما بعد الحداثة تغييرات كبيرة في البشر. يسيطر على جميع الحركات الإنسانية في مجال الثقافة. ما يفعله البشر بشكل غير مباشر هو تأثير التغييرات والتطاورات في مجال الثقافة التي جلبتها ثقافة ما بعد الحداثة. مجتمع ما بعد الحداثة في تحول وتغيير في الثقافة. يشعر نظام قيم ومعتقدات المجتمع بالحرمان من جذوره الثقافية. لمجتمع الأوسيع يتغير بسرعة إلى شكل جديد. حدث هذا للعديد من الشخصيات النسائية في رواية بنات الرياض. من السلوك في حياتهم اليومية، تظهرون كيف تؤثر التيارات الثقافية بقوة على اختيار طريقة الحياة. يظهر لشخصية الأمريكية المعاصرة فريدريك جيمسون كيف تحمل التيارات الثقافية الفرد وتسحبه إليه من نهج ما بعد الحداثة. عند جيمسون اتّصل ما بعد الحداثة بالحداثة، إنها شكل ولغة جديدة للثقافة. لذلك البحث عن أزمة هوية مثير للغاية للتحقيق باستخدام ما بعد الحداثة خاصة لجيمسون. لأن ما بعد الحداثة جيمسون قادر على وصف أزمة الهوية التي تمر بها الشخصيات في رواية بنات الرياض. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف شكل أزمة هوية المرأة في رواية بنات الرياض لرجاء عبد الله الصانع بناء على أساس نظر فريدريك جيمسون، والعوامل التي تسبب أزمة هوية في الرواية ومعرفة تأثير أزمة هوية فيها.
هذا البحث بحث كيفي بالمنهج الوصفى. هي مصدر البيانات الرئيسية ومصدر البيانات الثانوية. مصادر البيانات هي مصدر البيانات الرئيسية من رواية بنات الرياض لرجاء عبدالله الصانع المدعومة بالمصدر الثانوية وهي كتب ومجلات ورسائل علمية وأطروحات وغيبرها ذات صلة بهذه البحث. وتقنية جمع البيانات المستخدمة في هذا البحث تقنية القراءة والكتابة. وتقنية تحليل اليانات المستخدمة هي نموذج مايلز وهوبرمان في شكل تقليل البيانات وعرض البيانات واستخلاص النتائج.
أما نتائج البحث هي 1) شكل أزمة الهوية في رواية بنات الرياض من خلال وجود سلوك انفصام موصوف في الشكلين ميشيل وسديم. تتجلى أزمة الهوية ميشيل من خلال شجاعة في مقابلة الجنس الآخر في الأماكن العامة وقيادة السيارة. تتجلى أزمة الهوية سديم من خلال تفكك نمط حياة لندن الذي يرفع الحرية، ترتدي سديم ملابس تتعارض مع الثقافة السعودية وتمتزج مع الجنس الآخر. 2) العوامل المسببة لأزمة الهوية هي ضحالة التفكير الذي أظهره سلوك لميس وميشيل. كلاهما يستخدمان منتجات ثقافية على شكل ملابس ضيقة تبرز شكل أجسامهما. في حين ينشأ عامل التظاهر من موقف قمرة الذي يصور صورتها من خلال تجديد مظهرها الذي يشير إلى ما إذا كان يظهر خارج صحة هويتها. 3) أثر أزمة الهوية هو ممارسة دينية تميل إلى أن تكون خرافية كما يتضح من موقف سديم الذي تجرأ على التقبيل وإقامة علاقة مثل الزوج والزوجة مع وليد. وتظهر حياة مليئة بالخيال من خلال سديم الذي تتواصل بشكل مكثف مع عشيقتها من خلال استخدام شبكة الاتصال و قمرة التي تدردش مع العديد من الرجال.
ABSTRACT
Postmodernism has brought significant changes in human beings. He controls all human movements in the field of culture. What humans do indirectly is the impact of changes and developments in the field of culture brought by postmodernism culture. Postmodernism is in a shift and change in culture. The system of values and beliefs of society feels deprived of its cultural roots, the wider community environment is rapidly changing towards a new form. This happened to several female figures in the novel Banat Al Riyadh. Through attitudes and behavior in daily life, they show how the flow of culture strongly influences the choice of way of life. The contemporary American figure Fredric Jameson shows how cultural currents bring and drag an individual into it through his postmodernism approach. Postmodernisme for Jameson is a continuation of modernism. It is a new form and language of a culture. Therefore research on identitycrisis is very interesting to be investigated using postmodernism. Especially those proposed by Jameson. Because, postmodernism Jameson is able to describe the identity crisis experienced by the figures in the novel Banat Al Riyadh.
The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of identity crisis of female in the novel Banat Al Riyadh and factors shich be generates to identity crisis in the novel and to find the impact of the identity crisis in the novel. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data sources are primary and secondary data. The primary data source like a novel Banat Al Riyadh by Raja Abdullah Al Sanea which be supported by secondary source as a books, journals, thesis, and other that are relevant to this study. In collecting data the author used two techniques read and write. The analysis of the data used by Miles and Huberman, there are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.
The results of this study obtained the following data 1) the form of identity crisis in the novel Banat Al Riyadh is shown by the existence of schizophrenia behavior described by the figures Michelle and Shedim. The identity crisis in Michelle is illustrated by Michelle's courage in meeting the opposite sex in public and driving a car. The identity crisis in Shedim is shown by the dissolution of Shedim with the London lifestyle that greatly exalts freedom, Shedim wears clothes that are contrary to Saudi culture and blends with the opposite sex. 2) The factors causing identity crisis are the superficial thinking shown by the behavior of Lumeis and Michelle. They both use cultural products in the form of tight clothing that accentuates their body shape. While the pretense factor arises from the attitude of Qamrah which shapes his image by renewing his looks which indicates if she appears outside the authenticity of her identity. 3) The impact of the identity crisis is a religious practice that tends to be superstitious as evidenced by the attitude of the Shedim who dared to kiss and make a relationship like husband and wife with Walid. And a life full of fantasy is shown through Shedim who is intensely communicating with his lover by utilizing the communication network and Qamrah who is chatting with several men.
ABSTRAK
Postmodernisme telah membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam diri manusia. Ia mengontrol semua gerik-gerik manusia dalam bidang kebudayaan. Apa yang dilakukan manusia secara tidak langsung merupakan dampak perubahan serta perkembangan di bidang budaya yang dibawa oleh kebudayaan postmodernisme. Masyarakat postmodernisme berada dalam pergeseran dan perubahan dalam kebudayaan. Sistem nilai dan kepercayaan masyarakat terasa tercerabut dari akar budayanya, lingkungan masyarakat luas berubah dengan pesat menuju bentuknya yang baru. Hal tersebut yang terjadi pada beberapa tokoh perempuan novel Banat Al Riyadh. Melalui sikap dan tingkah laku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, mereka menunjukkan bagaimana arus budaya berpengaruh kuat dalam pemilihan cara hidup.Tokoh kontemporer Amerika yaitu Fredric Jameson memperlihatkan bagaimana arus budaya membawa serta menyeret seorang individu masuk di dalamnya lewat formula postmodernismenya. Postmodernisme bagi Jameson merupakan kelanjutan dari modernisme. Ia adalah wujud dan bahasa baru suatu kebudayaan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai krisis identitas sangat menarik untuk diteliti menggunakan postmodernisme, khususnya yang dikemukakan oleh Jameson. Sebab postmodernisme Jameson mampu menggambarkan krisis identitas yang dialami oleh tokoh-tokoh dalam novel Banat Al Riyadh.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk krisis identitas tokoh perempuan dalam novel Banat Al Riyadh, faktor penyebab krisis identitas dari novel tersebut serta dampak dari krisis identitas dari novel tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber datanya berupa sumber data primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer berasal dari novel Banat Al Riyadh karya Raja Al Sanea yang didukung sumber data sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, skripsi, thesis, dan lain-lain yang relevan dengan kajian ini. Dalam pengumpulan data penulis melakukan dua teknik yaitu baca dan catat. Teknik analisis data penulis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, berupa reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan.
Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh data sebagai berikut 1) bentuk krisis identitas dalam novel Banat Al Riyadh ditunjukkan dengan adanya perilaku schizophrenia yang digambarkan oleh tokoh Michelle dan Shedim. Krisis identitas dalam diri Michelle digambarkan dengan keberanian Michelle bertemu dengan lawan jenis ditempat umum serta mengemudi mobil. Krisis identitas dalam diri Shedim ditunjukkan dengan larutnya Shedim dengan gaya hidup London yang sangat mengagungkan kebebasan, Shedim menggunakan pakaian yang bertolak belakang dengan budaya Saudi dan membaur dengan lawan jenis. 2) faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya krisis identitas adalah kedangkalan berpikir yang ditunjukkan dengan perilaku Lumeis dan Michelle. Mereka berdua menggunakan produk budaya berupa pakaian ketat yang menonjolkan bentuk tubuhnya. Sedangkan faktor kepura-puraan muncul dari sikap Qamrah yang membentuk citra dirinya dengan memperbarui parasnya yang mengindikasikan jika ia tampil diluar keaslian identitasnya. 3) dampak dari krisis identitas adalah praktik agama yang cenderung takhayul dibuktikan dari sikap Shedim yang berani berciuman dan melakukan hubungan layaknya suami istri dengan Walid. Dan hidup yang penuh fantasi diperlihatkan melalui Shedim yang intens melakukan komunikasi dengan kekasihnya dengan memanfaatkan jaringan komunikasi dan Qamrah yang melakukan chatting dengan beberapa laki-laki
