1,720,964 research outputs found
Are there two forms of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome?
No full textPurpose: To analyze the nature of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) and differentiate an idiopathic or primary form of MEWDS from a secondary form that is seen in association with other clinical conditions affecting the posterior segment of the eye. Methods: Clinical and multimodal imaging findings including color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography of patients with secondary MEWDS are presented. Results: Twenty consecutive patients with secondary MEWDS were evaluated. Fifteen patients were female. Most were young adults aged between 20 to 40 years with myopia (less than -6 diopters). Pathologic conditions associated with the secondary MEWDS reaction were high myopia (greater than -6 diopters) in two eyes, previous vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 2 eyes, and manifestations of multifocal choroiditis in 18 eyes. In all eyes, the MEWDS lesions followed a course of progression and resolution independent from the underlying condition. Conclusion: Secondary MEWDS seems to be an epiphenomenon (“EpiMEWDS”) that may be seen in association with clinical manifestations disruptive to the choriocapillaris-Bruch membrane-retinal pigment epithelium complex. Copyright © by Ophthalmic Communications Societ
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Punctate inner choroidopathy-like reactions in unrelated retinal diseases
No full textPurpose:To report a cohort of patients with a punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC)-like reaction in concurrent, unrelated, chorioretinal disorders.Methods:This was a retrospective observational study of patients seen at two referral centers with lesions consistent with PIC on multimodal imaging; patients with lesions resembling idiopathic multifocal choroiditis were also included. Active PIC-like lesions appeared as focal hyperreflective lesions splitting the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch membrane (RPE/BrM) complex on optical coherence tomography. Chronic PIC-like lesions included subretinal fibrosis, multifocal punched-out chorioretinal atrophy, and curvilinear streaks. Patients' demographics, additional imaging features, and treatment responses were collected and summarized.Results:Twenty-two eyes of 16 patients with a PIC-like reaction were included (75% females; median age 40 years). Underlying diagnoses included hereditary retinal conditions (10 patients, 63%) and acquired etiologies, all characterized by the RPE/BrM or outer retinal disruption. Fifteen eyes (68%) had active PIC-like lesions; seven eyes (32%) had chronic PIC-like lesions. Active PIC-like lesions regressed with time and responded to systemic steroids. Subretinal fibrosis (3 eyes, 20%), macular atrophy (3 eyes, 20%), and concomitant subretinal fibrosis and macular atrophy (5 eyes, 33%) developed on follow-up. Recurrences occurred in five eyes (23%).Conclusion:RPE/BrM or outer retina disruption may trigger a PIC-like reaction in susceptible patients, presumably because of the loss of immune privilege. A PIC-like reaction may influence the clinical progression and the visual prognosis of the primary chorioretinal disease
Central Bouquet Hemorrhages in Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Distinct Pathway to Macular Atrophy
No full textPurpose: To characterize central bouquet hemorrhages (CBHs) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and evaluate their association with long-term visual and anatomical outcomes, in particular macular atrophy. This is a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 403 treatment-naïve eyes with RVO (mean age, 62.9 ± 15.4 years; 59% male). Methods: CBH was identified on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography as vertically oriented light-absorbing masses centered at the fovea, above the external limiting membrane. Clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and intravitreal treatment frequency were compared between eyes with and without CBH. Baseline and longitudinal visual acuity analyzed with multivariable regression models, the prevalence of CBH-related features, and the cumulative incidence and predictors of macular atrophy assessed with Cox regression models were assessed. Results: CBH were observed in 28% of eyes (n = 111) at baseline. Affected eyes were older, had more systemic vascular comorbidities, and presented with more severe macular edema, peripapillary hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots (all P < 0.001). Ischemic markers-including arteriolar paracentral acute middle maculopathy (P = 0.04) and increased ischemic index on fluorescein angiography (P = 0.02)-were more common in CBH eyes. Over time, CBH reabsorbed, often leaving a plaque-like RPE thickening, which progressed to outer retinal atrophy in 69% of cases over 36 months. Severe cystoid macular edema and full-thickness macular holes were also common. CBH was independently associated with worse baseline visual acuity (β = 0.09 logMAR; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.18; P = 0.04) and slower visual recovery (β for CBH × Time = -0.002 logMAR/month; P < 0.001). Intravitreal treatments reduced the risk of macular atrophy (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.96; P = 0.04), and each additional injection conferred a protective effect (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = 0.02). Conclusions: CBH represents a characteristic hemorrhagic manifestation in RVO, likely reflecting the localized effects of elevated venous pressure and macular ischemia that contribute to structural disruption and poor visual outcomes. Its presence warrants close monitoring and sustained treatment to mitigate long-term retinal damage
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