1,720,953 research outputs found
Prevalence Of Hiv/Aids In Tuberculosis Patients Living In The Lowlands Of Mafeteng District In Lesotho
Get PDFDissertationBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest known diseases that kills humans, yet still remains among the top infectious disease killers worldwide today. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that up to 10 million people continue to fall ill with TB every year. Almost three-quarters of the TB infections are reported from the African region and almost a quarter of these are mentioned to be co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WHO, 2018). WHO classified Lesotho as one of the countries carrying a large burden of TB/HIV co-infection in the Africa region (MOH, 2016). Therefore, this study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of HIV among TB patients living in the lowlands of the Mafeteng district in Lesotho from 2014–2016.
Methodology: A quantitative research approach was conducted by means of a convenience purposeful method of sampling. The method followed was to collect TB/HIV data from the five participating Health Care Centres (HCCs) for the years 2014 – 2016. These data were sourced from handwritten TB registries of the five identified HCCs and the sampling size of 1,109 study participants was selected from all age groups located in the lowlands of the Mafeteng district in Lesotho.
Results: Out of the 1,109 TB patients studied, 780 (70.3%) were also co-infected with HIV. Among the HIV patients, the most prevalent site of TB infection was pulmonary including a total of 665 patients (85.3%), while 115 (14.7%) had extra-pulmonary TB (ET-TB). The number of new TB patients with HIV was 638 (81.2%) and retreated patients numbered 142 (18.2%). A total of 457 (41.2%) fell in the mean age group of 15 to 35 years. 99% of these co-infected patients were receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Most of these HIV/AIDS patients were from the Mafeteng HCC with 501 (64.2%) of the 1,109 patients. The most affected age group among the patients were the young adult age group (>15 to 35 years) and the adult age group (>35 to 55 years) with 45.8% and 40.6% of the total 780 HIV/AIDS patients, respectively. The distribution of male HIV/AIDS patients among the participating HCCs was 470 (60.3%), while the distribution of female HIV/AIDS patients among the participating HCCs was 310 (39.7%) of the total 780 HIV/AIDS co-infected patients. Most of these HIV/AIDS patients were reported from the Mafeteng main HCC.
Discussion: In this study, TB notification cases declined substantially when comparing reporting Year 1 and 2 with reporting Year 3. It was also interesting to take note that the number of HIV/AIDS cases in the most affected young adult age group interval (>15 to 35) dropped in reporting Year 3. Ultimately, the number of HIV/AIDS cases in the age group interval of adults (>35 to 55) was more in reporting Year 3 compared with the number of cases in the young adult group in the same reporting year.
Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that there is a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among TB patients living in the lowlands of the Mafeteng district in Lesotho. Therefore, National and district level administrative bodies and health care centres should collaborate to strengthen the efforts and place TB and HIV/AIDS services among their priority interventions. These include identifying the possible routes of TB transmission because of limited infection control measures, drug resistance, poor TB prognosis and adherence to treatment. Future researchers could consider assessing the main reasons behind the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among male TB patients in the Mafeteng district of Lesotho
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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