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CGE models and development policy analysis: problems, pitfalls, and challenges
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to specify charac-teristics of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models that are most likely to be useful for policy analysis in developing countries. In the first part of the paper, alternative criteria for distinguishing CGE models are assessed. We suggest that CGE models with clear mi-croeconomic structure contribute the most to sound policy formulation by helping analysts to understand essential relationships relevant to particular policy configurations. The sec-ond part of the paper describes how a neoclas-sical economic model can be extended to ad-dress a variety of policy issues in developing countries. Choosing a CGE Model Economic modelers apparently do not agree regarding what elements of general equilib-rium models are essential (Shoven and Whal-ley). This is evident in the variety of CGE models that are currently used for policy anal-ysis, particularly in developing countries. For our purposes, we define a CGE model to be a multisectoral supply and demand model with prices being computed endogenously to clear markets. Several criteria may be proposed to distin-guish between types of CGE models. One common criterion is the solution algorithm. An earlier approach, pioneered by Johansen, involves restricting the model so that it is linear in its derivatives and solving for pertur-bations of endogenous variables due to exoge-nous changes using matrix inversion. Dixon, Parmenter, and Rimmer have developed a Ramon L. Clarete is an assistant professor of economics at the University of Western Ontario; James A. Roumasset is a profes
Chapter VI. Government Decentralization: Opportunity and Dangers for Agricultural Development
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Integration Options of ASEAN Transition Economies
No full textThis paper looks into the relative merits of two approaches—participation in preferential trading agreements (PTAS) and multilateralism, as exemplified by membership in the World Trade Organization—both of which lead to the path of integration with the world economy. Four ASEAN transition countries with relatively large agricultural sectors are examined. Given the growing empirical evidence that trade openness is associated with higher economic growth and improved standards of living, as well as the upsurge in demand for agricultural products, these transition economies face potential benefits from increased exports. The literature reviewed by the paper suggests that PTAs and the multilateral system complement each other, with the trade agreements forming part of the process in which PTAs create incentives for non-members to eventually join the WTO. PTAs, therefore, serve as the next-best path towards expanding world trade while negotiations for multilateral trade liberalization are still going on. On the other hand, findings also point out that regional trading agreements tend to divert trade toward its members, incur unnecessarily high administrative costs, and create opportunities for unproductive rent-seeking activities. Policy makers are thus enjoined to innovate on their respective preferential trade arrangements, using these to help solve regional spillover problems and promote more trade among members.
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