69 research outputs found
Authorship in Medical Literature
No full textScientific paper publication has an important role in the academic filed. Being an author of such paper based on the research or other scholarly activity is associated with many benefits such as peer recognition, financial gain, promotion, job appointment, and fellowship and research awards. The race to increase the quantity rather than the quality of manuscript among the researchers has made the researchers being involved in an unethical practice. To be included as an author one must fulfill the authorship criteria developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). One shouldn’t be given credit for authorship who can’t defend the published work. Authorship misuse in the form of gift authorship, guest authorship or ghost authorship is not uncommon these days. To reduce the authorship conflicts many journals have set strict policy to mention about the nature of the contribution made by each “author” and that information is available to the readers.</jats:p
Developing conducting polymer nanocomposites with carbon nanomaterials for molecular detection and fuel cell applications
No full textConducting polymers are attractive for chemical sensors because their conductivity and electrochemical activity is extremely sensitive to molecular interactions. The inherent specificity of the conducting polymer based sensors stems from the fact that only certain chemicals can trigger a dramatic conductance change. It can be made more specific by further chemical functionalization of the polymer. The use of conducting polymers (CPs) as low-cost electrocatalysts was also investigated in the early history of conducting polymer research and applications. However, their low environmental stability, low conductivity, and electrochemical activity limit their practical industrial applications. Inspired by the remarkable electronic and superior mechanical properties of carbon nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the relatively new material graphene, tremendous efforts have been made over the past decade to fabricate conducting polymer and CNT composites with an aim of synergistically combining the merits of each individual components. In this thesis, a series of novel conducting polymer nanocomposites with these remarkable carbon nanomaterials will be designed and developed with an ultimate goal of sensitive and selective detection of warfare agents for homeland security and low-cost metal free electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications. Experimental results demonstrate that the composite shows dramatically improved performance compared to each of the individual components. The results obtained from these studies combined with an introduction of the state of the art of the development in this field and future prospects will be presented through 6 chapters of this thesis.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaBy Rishi R. Parajul
CARBON FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS (CFPA) OF UPM FORMI USED IN BIOFORE CONCEPT CAR : Comparative CFPA of UPM ForMi and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Assumed to be Used in Mass produced Biofore car
No full textThis thesis report is based on the cradle-to-grave carbon footprint (CFP) calculation performed on UPM ForMi GP20 that is used in ‘Biofore Concept Car’. A comparative cradle-to-gate CFP calculation was also performed on UPM ForMi GP20 and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) assuming that they would be used in the city car when it was mass produced in a factory. The ‘Biofore Concept Car’ is a product of ‘Biofore Concept Car Project’ which is a collaborative work of Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES), UPM, and other partner companies. The Biofore Concept Car represents the change and direction that automotive industry is heading for through the use of renewable, recyclable, and sustainable products.
UPM ForMi GP20 consists of approximately 20% cellulose fibers reinforcement in polypropylene matrix. These cellulose fibers are obtained from sustainably managed forests of Finland. The presence of cellulose fibers with a sustainable origin gives UPM ForMi GP20 an eco-friendlier status compared to other conventional thermoplastics. One of the main aims of this thesis project was to compare the environmental impact of UPM ForMi GP20 with a conventional plastic (ABS was included in this analysis) in terms of global warming potential when they are assumed to be used in a Mass produced Biofore car.
Concept car making is more resource consuming and heavily emitting than mass production. Accordingly, the CFP analysis of UPM ForMi GP20 used in the concept car resulted in greenhouse gases (GHG) emission of approximately 5400 kg CO2eq which was directly related to the one-time use of mold material SikaBlockTM M650. When assumed to be used in mass produced car, the carbon footprint of UPM ForMi GP20 and ABS were calculated to be approximately 655 kg CO2eq and 725 kg CO2eq, respectively. Thus, the use of UPM ForMi GP20 in mass produced car instead of ABS could prevent approximately 70 kg CO2eq of GHG emissions. A sensitivity analysis was also performed on the CFP of UPM ForMi GP20 assumed to be used in mass produced car comparing base scenario with other four scenarios
Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose and Throat: An Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Nepal
No full textAbstract
Introduction A foreign body (FB) is an object or substance foreign to the location where it is found. FBs in the ear, nose, and throat are a common problem frequently encountered in both children and adults.
Objective To analyze FBs in terms of type, site, age, and gender distribution and method of removal.
Methods A retrospective study was performed in a tertiary care hospital in the central part of Nepal. The study period was from June 2013 to May 2014. The information was obtained from hospital record books.
Results A total of 134 patients had FBs in the ear, nose, or throat; 94 were males and 40 were females. Of the 134 patients, 70 (52.23%) had FB in the ear, 28 (20.89%) in the nose, and 36 (26.86%) in the throat. The FB was animate (living) in 28 (40%) patients with FB in the ear and 1 (3.5%) patient with FB in the nose, but the FB was inanimate (nonliving) in any patient with FB in the throat, in 42 (60%) patients with FB in the ear FB, and in 27 (96.4%) patients with FB of the nose. The FB was removed with or without local anaesthesia (LA) in 98 (73.13%) patients, and only 36 patients (26.86%) required general anaesthesia (GA). The most common age group affected was <10 years.
Conclusion FBs in the ear and nose were found more frequently in children, and the throat was the most common site of FB in adults and elderly people. Most of the FBs can be easily removed in emergency room or outpatient department
Patients’ Satisfaction in Modified Radical Mastoidectomy Done Under Local Anesthesia for Squamous Type of Chronic Otitis Media
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