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Use of treated effluent water in cellulosic ethanol production
Get PDFThe bioethanol industry exerts a significant demand on water supplies. Current water consumption rate in corn dry grind ethanol plants is 3 to 4 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol produced (gal/gal) and 6 to 10 gal/gal for cellulosic ethanol plants. The main goal of this study was to examine the use of treated wastewater effluent in place of potable freshwater for cellulosic ethanol production. The effects of using two different types of filtered treated effluent; Bloomington- Normal, IL (Residential type) and Decatur, IL (Industrial/Residential Mix type); on the rate of fermentation and final ethanol yield from a pure cellulosic substrate were evaluated. Final ethanol concentration with Bloomington- Normal and Decatur effluent and our control study using de-ionized water were similar, resulting in 4.57 ± 0.22 % v/v (0.36 g/g, db), 4.74 ± 0.13 % v/v (0.37 g/g, db) and 4.55 ± 0.28 % v/v (0.36 g/g, db), respectively. Residual glucose concentrations were <0.04% w/v at 48 hr in all cases, suggesting complete fermentation.
Further study with Decatur effluent using 0.08 mm finely ground Miscanthus as the substrate resulted in a final ethanol concentration of 0.46 ± 0.008 % v/v (0.14 g/g db) which was similar to ethanol concentration of 0.52 ± 0.07 % v/v (0.17 g/g db) obtained with control treatment using de-ionized water. These findings suggest that with proper characterization studies and under appropriate conditions, the use of treated effluent water in cellulosic ethanol production is feasible.Item withdrawn by Alexis Thompson ([email protected]) on 2012-07-13T20:50:08Z
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University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effects of corn quality and storage on dry grind ethanol production
Get PDFCorn dry grind industry is the major contributor of ethanol production in the US. Ethanol plants incur economic losses due to seasonal variations in ethanol yields. Ethanol yields typically are low during the first month after harvest, increase for the next six to seven months and decrease again three to four months before next harvest. There is little published information on factors causing variation in dry grind ethanol concentrations. One possible cause associated with ethanol yield variability is incoming grain quality. The main objectives of this study were to quantify ethanol yield variation over time at a dry grind facility, evaluate relationships among corn quality attributes and ethanol yields and determine physiologic changes in corn protein quality during storage and its effects on ethanol yields.
Corn from a Midwestern ethanol plant (commodity corn) and an identity preserved corn hybrid from a seed company (control corn stored at 4° C) were used to study the effects of incoming corn on ethanol concentrations. Ethanol concentrations were determined every two weeks for one year using conventional dry grind procedure. Variations in ethanol concentrations were significant and variability patterns for commodity and control corn followed the same trend. Highest ethanol concentrations were seen in the month of January. Variation with control corn suggested that storage time is a significant factor affecting ethanol concentrations. Effects of different enzyme treatments on mean ethanol concentration over a year were evaluated. Two liquefaction enzymes (optimum pH – 5.8 and 5.1, respectively), two saccharification enzymes (optimum pH – 5.0) and one protease were used in five enzyme treatments (I, II, III, IV and V). Final ethanol concentration with enzyme treatment V was (17.5 ± 0.486)% v/v. This was 0.6% higher than enzyme treatment I resulting in an additional ethanol production of 600,000 gallons/year in a 100 million gallon/year ethanol plant. Using effective enzymes increases overall dry grind ethanol production and ethanol plant profitability.
Commodity corn samples were analyzed for physical quality parameters (test weight, kernel weight, true density, percent stress cracks and moisture content) and composition (starch, protein, oil and soluble sugars contents). There were variations in corn quality parameters and ethanol concentrations. Correlation coefficients were significant but low (-0.50< r < 0.50) between starch content and final ethanol concentrations (72 hr) and total soluble sugar content and ethanol concentrations at 72 and 48 hr. Ethanol concentrations (at 24, 48 and 72 hr) were predicted as a function of a combination of grain quality factors using multiple regression methods; however, the R2 values obtained were low. Ethanol concentration variations were not related to physical and chemical composition quality factors.
Physiologic changes in corn protein quality (soluble protein contents, initial free amino nitrogen (FAN) content and susceptibility to enzyme hydrolysis) during storage at refrigerated and ambient conditions were investigated. Albumin, prolamin, glutelin contents and initial FAN contents of corn slurry varied with storage time; however, there were no effects of storage temperatures (ranging from -7 to 23°C) on soluble protein and FAN contents. Albumin content decreased; whereas, prolamin content increased from wk 8 to 40. Susceptibility to enzyme hydrolysis was affected during storage; highest rate of protein hydrolysis was observed during wk 20. Variation in ethanol yields for corn stored at ambient and refrigerated conditions followed similar trends. Final ethanol yields (72 hr) had no correlations with protein quality attributes; however, ethanol yields at 24 hr correlated with glutelin (r = -0.76) and prolamin (r = +0.74) content.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-02-28 without embargo termsThe student, Divya Ramchandran, accepted the attached license on 2016-11-23 at 08:42.The student, Divya Ramchandran, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-11-23 at 08:42.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-11-23 at 15:04.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10307 on 2017-02-28 at 14:52:36Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T15:49:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-2
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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