5 research outputs found
Waste Management, Waste Indicators and the Relationship with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Systematic Literature Review
No full textWaste management plays an important role in sustainable development. The innovative
management of waste results in minimizing the adverse effects of climate change, and social and
economic sustainability. The creation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United
Nations in 2015 was an important step toward environmental sustainability, whereby the 17 goals
focus on strengthening the means of implementing and revitalizing the Global Partnership for
Sustainable Development. This research paper applies a systematic literature review using the
PRISMA methodology to analyze different published research papers and research reports mainly
focused on waste management and its relationship with the SDGs. This paper extensively discusses
the context of waste management, SDGs, waste indicators in SDGs, and the relationship between
SDGs and waste management. This paper also widely discusses the aspects of waste management
regarding SDGs. The results are further divided into two sub-categories, including descriptive results,
which elaborate the different approaches that are used to review the literature for this paper, and
thematic results, which include the key results and discussions of different aspects of this paper.
The analysis of different published research papers and research reports mainly focuses on waste
management and its relationship with the SDGs. This study presents a discussion of (1) the detailed
context of waste management about SDGs, (2) the waste indicators in SDGs and (3) the relationship
between waste management and SDGs. This study suggests future possible areas of research by
extending the regional boundaries, increasing the number of papers, focusing on more specific SDG
goals and targets and studying case studies based on the specific targets and indicators
Solid Waste Collection, Treatment and Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in the Context of Waste Management
No full textIl mondo sta affrontando numerose sfide, e il cambiamento climatico è una di queste. Diversi fattori stanno influenzando il cambiamento climatico, e gli impatti negativi di parecchie attività umane stanno contribuendo a questo fenomeno. La produzione di rifiuti e l'efficienza nella gestione degli stessi sono aspetti cruciali in termini di cambiamento climatico e sostenibilità. I rifiuti possono essere classificati in diverse forme: solidi, liquidi, gassosi o altre forme. Il processo di gestione dei rifiuti coinvolge tutte le fasi del trattamento e dello smaltimento, dalla produzione al monitoraggio continuo, nonché l'introduzione e l'implementazione di politiche di gestione dei rifiuti. Questo studio si è concentrato su diversi aspetti, tra cui una comprensione generale dei rifiuti, della gestione degli stessi, del quadro degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), delle associazioni tra gestione dei rifiuti e SDGs, della comprensione degli indicatori di rifiuti negli SDGs, della valutazione dei risultati nazionali relativi agli obiettivi SDGs legati ai rifiuti in Italia e Canada, e della misurazione dell'efficienza nella gestione dei rifiuti in Emilia Romagna, una regione del Nord Italia.
Lo studio ha utilizzato diversi metodi e strumenti per ciascun aspetto ed è stato suddiviso in sei capitoli. Il primo capitolo si concentra sul contesto della ricerca, sulla comprensione di diversi termini, sugli obiettivi dello studio e su una panoramica delle metodologie. Il secondo capitolo applica una revisione sistematica della letteratura per analizzare un numero significativo di studi volti a comprendere la gestione dei rifiuti, esplorare gli indicatori di rifiuti negli SDGs e sottolineare le associazioni tra gestione dei rifiuti e SDGs. Il terzo capitolo valuta i risultati nazionali dell'Italia nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs relativi alla gestione dei rifiuti. Questo capitolo utilizza il dataset nazionale sugli SDGs e i dati disponibili su variabili socioeconomiche e geografiche. Sono stati applicati metodi di statistica descrittiva, correlazione di Pearson, regressione Partial Least Square (PLSR) e Elastic Net Regression, evidenziando la relazione tra gli indicatori di rifiuti degli SDGs e fattori sociali, economici e geografici. I risultati mostrano una significativa associazione tra gli indicatori di gestione dei rifiuti degli SDGs e variabili demografiche. Il quarto capitolo discute la gestione dei rifiuti solidi urbani in Emilia-Romagna, considerando dimensioni ambientali, economiche e sociali. Il capitolo utilizza il dataset di ATERSIR (Agenzia Territoriale dell'Emilia-Romagna per i Servizi Idrici e Rifiuti). L'integrazione di dati su varie dimensioni ha permesso di identificare modelli chiave nelle performance di gestione dei rifiuti tra i comuni. L'uso di indicatori compositi ha fornito una visione olistica delle performance comunali e ha permesso di identificare comuni ad alte prestazioni e quelli in difficoltà. I risultati mostrano che alcuni comuni hanno performance costantemente buone, mentre altri lottano in tutte le dimensioni, specialmente quando valutati con metodi di aggregazione non compensativa. Lo studio ha anche evidenziato l'impatto della densità di popolazione, degli operatori dei servizi e dei metodi di pagamento sui risultati della gestione dei rifiuti. L'ultimo capitolo si concentra sul raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs legati ai rifiuti in Canada. Il capitolo applica una revisione della letteratura e rileva una mancanza di politiche uniformi nel paese riguardo alla gestione dei rifiuti. Sono stati identificati vari sforzi intrapresi dal paese, ma permangono sfide nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi SDGs relativi agli indicatori di rifiuti.The world is experiencing many challenges, and climate change is one of those challenges. Various factors are influencing climate change, and the adverse effects of many human activities are leading to climate change. The production of waste and waste management efficiency are important aspects in terms of climate change and sustainability. Waste is understood in many ways; the common forms of waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, gas, or other forms. The process of waste management involves all stages of waste treatment and disposal, from its production stage to the final stage, involving its ongoing monitoring and introduction and implementation of waste management policies. This research study focused on different aspects including an overall understanding of waste, waste management, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, association among waste management and SDGs, understanding the waste indicators of SDGs, assessing the national achievements of waste-related SDG goals in Italy and Canada and measuring the waste management efficiency in Emilia Romagna, a region of North Italy.
The study used different methods and tools for each aspect. It has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter focuses on the background of the research, an understanding of different terms, the objectives of the study, and an overview of the methodologies. The second chapter applies a systematic literature review to study a possible number of studies aimed at understanding waste management, exploring the waste indicators of SDGs, and emphasizing the associations between waste management and SDGs. The third chapter has assessed the national achievement of Italy in the achievement of waste management concerning SDG goals. This chapter has used the national dataset on SDGs and available data on socio-economic and geographic variables. This chapter applied descriptive statistics, person’s correlation, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), and Elastic Net Regression, emphasizing the relationship between the waste indicators of SDGs and social, economic, and geographical factors. The chapter resulted in a significant association between the outcomes of waste management indicators of SDGs and demographic variables. The fourth chapter discussed municipal solid waste management in Emilia Romagna, northern Italy, and considered environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The chapter used the dataset of ATERSIR (Emilia-Romagna Territorial Agency for Water and Waste Services). In this chapter, integrating data on various dimensions identified key patterns in waste management performance across municipalities. The use of composite indicators depicted a holistic view of municipal performance and provided further identification of high-performance and underperforming municipalities. The findings of this chapter show some municipalities have consistently good performance while others struggle across all dimensions, mainly when assessed by methods of non-compensatory aggregation. The impact of population density, service operators, and payment methods on waste management outcomes has also been found in this study. The last chapter focused on discussing the achievement of waste-related SDG Goals in Canada. The chapter applied the literature review and found a lack of uniform policies in the country focusing on waste management. It was found that there are various efforts taken by the country, but challenges still remain in achieving the SDG goals focusing on waste indicators of SDGs
Achievements of Waste Indicators of Sustainable Development Goals 6, 7, 11, and 12 in Italy from 2015 to 2020
No full textMany developed countries face an increasing crisis of waste management, especially regarding inadequate disposal capacities and insufficient systems for waste sorting and recovery. These insufficiencies harmfully affect environmental quality, human health, and overall urban life. Waste management is largely linked with disposal, collection, and recycling. Instead of being a critical public utility, solid waste management often goes unnoticed—until it fails. The complete system failure can escalate into a global crisis. Italy presents a critical case to evaluate waste management’s role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals, given the diversity of the country and its adherence to strict EU regulations. The country has taken important steps to adopt the principles of the circular economy, mainly through recycling and waste-to-energy initiatives. The Sustainable Development Goals are also linked to waste management, and there are specific goals with targets and indicators that focus on waste management outcomes. This paper has assessed the national achievement of Italy in waste management concerning the SDGs. SDGs 6, 7, 11, and 12, with a specific focus on the targets impacted by integrated waste management in Italy, are the focus of this paper, and the achievement of waste indicators under SDGs 6, 7, 11, and 12 is analyzed. The paper also assesses the relationship between social, economic, and geographical variables in the achievement of the mentioned SDGs, and also the impacts of the social, economic, and geographical contexts of inhabitants on the achievements of the SDGs. The paper has utilized the national dataset on SDGs and available data on socio-economic and geographic variables. The paper applied descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Correlation, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), and Elastic Net Regression, emphasizing the relationship between the waste indicators of SDGs and social, economic, and geographical factors. The paper resulted in a significant association between the outcomes of waste management indicators of SDGs and demographic variables
Context of Rural to Urban Migration and Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in Pakistan and Philippines; a Systematic Literature Review
No full textThe movement of people from rural areas towards urban units is understood as rural-to-urban migration. Women empowerment is the process that leads women to ownership of resources, improves their ability to control their lives and families, and allows them to make decisions to develop new strategies in life. The rural-to-urban migration in Pakistan changes the socioeconomic status of women through their engagements in formal job markets and increases earning sources through paid or professional work. In the Philippines, the economic driver is one of the primary and dominant forces for rural-to-urban migration. This study aimed to assess the impacts of migration on women’s socio-economic status. Also, it focused on exploring migration trends and women’s engagement in the labour market after migration in both countries
Effects of a localized high-flow anastomosis between the aorta and left lower lobe pulmonary artery on great vessel flow and pulmonary arterial reactivity in the contralateral lung
No full textObjectivesWe sought to assess the effects of a localized anastomosis between the aorta and left lower lobe pulmonary artery on flows through central vessels and on the vascular reactivity of small pulmonary arteries distal or contralateral to the shunt.MethodsFlow rates in major vessels and tensions from small pulmonary arteries from the left and right lower lobes were determined 48 hours after creation of an end-to-side anastomosis of the left lower lobe pulmonary artery to the aorta.ResultsAnastomoses increased flow through the left lower lobe pulmonary artery from 194 ± 6 to 452 ± 18 mL/min immediately after anastomosis to 756 ± 19 mL/min by the time of harvest (n = 88, P < .05). Flow rates in main pulmonary arteries from hosts with anastomoses were lower (557 ± 26 vs 1033 ± 244 mL/min), whereas aortic root flows were not different from control values (1370 ± 53 vs 1120 ± 111 mL/min; P = .07). Wet/dry weights of both lungs and aortic flow rates were proportional to shunt flow rates. Pulmonary artery rings harvested from the right (unshunted) lobes of high-flow hosts exhibited increased reactivity to the thromboxane agonist U46619 and phenylephrine relative to those of left pulmonary arteries from the same animal or those of control hosts.ConclusionsOur studies are the first to identify enhanced reactivity of pulmonary arteries in a lung contralateral to a localized high-output shunt between an aorta and pulmonary artery. These observations suggest that patients with localized systemic-to-pulmonary shunt could exhibit modified vascular tone in remote pulmonary arteries
