1,721,201 research outputs found
Editorial – Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and recurrent upper airway disease in children
Full text linkObstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) and snoring are important health issues in the pediatric popu- lation, with a respective prevalence of 0.1% to 13% and 6% to 12% and a strict correlation with recurrent upper airway disease. Awareness of OSAS and snoring as health issues in children and adolescents is inadequate; there is a significant gap between the estimated number of children with OSAS and clinically diagnosed cases. Missed or delayed treatment may put young patients at risk of growth lag, hyperactivity, attention deficit, learning disabilities, and low levels of education and literacy; there is a significant increase in the use of health services by children with OSAS. Studies have demonstrated that the severity of OSAS correlates directly with total annual costs and is age-independent; other studies have shown that annual healthcare costs are reduced by one-third for children with OSAS undergoing adenotonsillectomy
Editorial - 'Sponging' a carcinoma as a circular RNA
Full text linkCircularRNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs, stable, abundant, and conserved through evolution, regulating several physiological and pathological mechanisms, assuming an emerging pivotal role in biomedical sciences. CircRNAs have been reported in all eukaryotes known, including plants, yeast, fishes, worms and they are from 5-30% conserved in human and mice transcriptome
Hearing loss and cognitive deficits: insights from pediatric populations
No full textDementia is a prevalent and costly public health
concern, with more than 24.3 million people living
with this condition worldwide, and approximately
4-6 million new diagnoses made each year.1 The
underlying cause of dementia is not fully understood, but in
recent years research has highlighted the association between
declining sensory systems and cognitive function.2,3 For instance,
declines in the olfactory, visual, and auditory systems
are all associated with an increased risk of developing dementia.
In particular, the auditory system has received substantial
attention in recent years.4,5 Some have estimated that
hearing loss contributes to as much as 9.1 percent of all dementia
cases.6 However, there remains no clear evidence of a
causal association nor a clear understanding of the underlying
mechanism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Laryngeal obstruction due to blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
Full text linkBlue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare vascular disorder characterized by multifocal venous malformations, occurring in any tissue, although skin, soft tissues, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract are the most frequently involved areas. Involvement of head and neck region is common. However, occurrence in upper airways may be challenging because of the risk of airway obstruction and bleeding
Homeless persons and migrants in precarious housing conditions and COVID-19 pandemic: peculiarities and prevention strategies
Full text linkHomeless persons and migrants in precarious housing conditions are vulnerable populations that have been peculiarly impacted by the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. These populations are more at risk of contracting COVID-19 as they often find it difficult to adhere to public health directives and, if exposed, may be more susceptible to illness or death due to the higher prevalence of underlying physical and mental comorbidities compared to the general population. In addition, vulnerable populations may have limited access to essential diagnostics and treatments, thus leading to untreated COVID-19 cases and their development into more severe forms. Health, social and government agencies should collaborate to develop services that support these communities, in accordance with the World Health Organization principles. Migrant and homeless centers have a central role, as they provide a significant contribution to prevent infection spread and favor access to early medical treatment to those affected, thus preventing more severe forms of infection
Clinical recommendations for epistaxis management during the COVID-19 pandemic
Full text linkEpistaxis is a common complaint in the general population, and its treatment is a common procedure in emergency departments. In the COVID-19 era, procedures involving airway management are a particular risk for health care workers due to the high virulence of the virus, the transmission through aerosol, and the risk of contagion from asymptomatic patients. In this article, we propose a simple memorandum of clinical recommendations to minimize the risk of operator infection deriving from epistaxis management. The correct use of personal protective equipment and strict compliance with the behavioral guidelines are essential to reduce the potential risk of infection. In particular, the use of filtering masks is strongly recommended since all patients, including those referring for epistaxis, should be treated as being COVID-19 positive in the emergency department. The safety of health care workers is essential not only to safeguard continuous patient care but also to limit virus transmission
Gender differences in COVID-19 infection. The estrogen effect on upper and lower airways. Can it help to figure out a treatment?
Full text linkEpidemiologic evidence from the first large-scale studies suggests that males are more se- verely affected than females by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). They present worse outcomes, require longer hospitalization time and have a higher mortality rate when compared with women. Scientists have speculated that female hormones, especially estrogen, could explain the better outcomes and the higher resistance to the virus observed in women. This higher resistance is due to the systemic and local effect of female hormones on the different cells. In particular, estrogens stimulate the immune system by modulating the function of B cells and improving T-helper 2 cell activity. Based on this evidence, we hypothesize the potential utility of a local nasal spray with low- dose isoflavones from soya (natural estrogen) suspended in a solution with sodium could stimu- late nasal receptor by stopping or reducing the aggressiveness of COVID-19 as already suggested by a previous animal study
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