25 research outputs found
Understanding the impact of solvent properties and process design on the cost of CO2 capture for absorption systems
No full textCarbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of the technologies that may enable large-scale fossil fuel power generations and industries to stay economically viable while reducing their CO2 emissions. Currently, the cost of CO2 capture using chemical absorption, the most promising technology for post-combustion CO2 capture, is high and improvements in absorption technology are essential to make CCS competitive.
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the impacts of solvent parameters and process configurations on performance and costs of absorption systems to identify areas for future development. This is achieved by performing a high-level assessment of two solvent classes (aqueous and phase-change) in a conventional and an encapsulated solvent system.
For aqueous solvents in a conventional absorption system, cost reductions through improvements in process design are smaller than reductions through improvements in solvent properties. Among the solvent properties, solvent stability to SOx and NOx, heat of reaction, solvent concentration, and solvent working capacity have the largest influence on CO2 capture cost.
For phase-change solvents in a conventional absorption system, cost reductions can be achieved when the CO2 absorption process is operated in a packed column and low-grade heat is utilised to fully supply the dissolution heat exchanger duty. Using this configuration, the capture cost for phase-change solvents can be up to 40 % lower than that of current estimates using MEA 30 %-wt.
For encapsulated solvent systems, the capture cost using MEA 30 %-wt. can be up to double the cost of using the same solvent in a conventional absorption system. Among the different configurations investigated, using a fluidized-bed configuration coupled with heat recovery between the rich and lean sorbent streams resulted in lower costs than the alternate fixed-bed configuration. In order for encapsulated solvent systems to be economically competitive, improvements in heat recovery, a thinner capsule shell, and novel absorber and regenerator columns are necessary.
The results of a Monte Carlo analysis show that to achieve significant cost reductions, new solvents do not necessarily require superior values for all properties and various combinations can be used. However, in general it was found that all solvents require good stability towards SOx and NOx, low heat of reaction and water vaporization, as well as being inexpensive
Solvent Development for Post-Combustion CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Recent Development and Opportunities
No full textChemical absorption is widely regarded as the most promising technology for post-combustion CO2 capture from large industrial emission sources with CO2 separation from natural gas using aqueous amine solvent system having been applied since the 1930s. The use of monoethanolamine (MEA) in CO2 absorption system possesses several drawbacks, such as high regeneration energy, high solvent loss, and high corrosion tendency. Various solvents have been developed for post-combustion CO2 capture application including the development of aqueous solvents and phase-change solvents. Some of these alternate solvents have been reported to have better solvent properties, which could improve the CO2 absorption system performance. This paper reviews key parameters involved in the design improvement of several chemical absorption process systems. In addition, some novel solvent systems are also discussed, for example encapsulated solvents systems. Some of the key solvent parameters that affect the capture performance, such as heat of reaction, absorption rate, solvent working capacity, solvent concentration, and solvent stability, are discussed in this paper, particularly in relation to the economic viability of the capture process. In addition, some guidelines for the future solvent development are discussed.</jats:p
Solvent Development for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture: Recent Development and Opportunities
No full textChemical absorption is widely regarded as the most promising technology for post-combustion CO2 capture from large industrial emission sources with CO2 separation from natural gas using aqueous amine solvent system having been applied since the 1930s. The use of monoethanolamine (MEA) in CO2 absorption system possesses several drawbacks, such as high regeneration energy, high solvent loss, and high corrosion tendency. Various solvents have been developed for post-combustion CO2 capture application including the development of aqueous solvents and phase-change solvents. Some of these alternate solvents have been reported to have better solvent properties, which could improve the CO2 absorption system performance. This paper reviews key parameters involved in the design improvement of several chemical absorption process systems. In addition, some novel solvent systems are also discussed, for example encapsulated solvents systems. Some of the key solvent parameters that affect the capture performance, such as heat of reaction, absorption rate, solvent working capacity, solvent concentration, and solvent stability, are discussed in this paper, particularly in relation to the economic viability of the capture process. In addition, some guidelines for the future solvent development are discussed
Understanding the Impact of Process Design on the Cost of CO2 Capture for Precipitating Solvent Absorption
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Reducing The Cost of CO2 Capture From Flue Gases Using Phase-change Solvent Absorption
No full textAbstractThere has been increasing interest in the development of alternative solvents for CO2 capture, including solvents that involve precipitation during CO2 absorption. Based on the precipitating species, there are two classes of phase- change solvents. One of the benefits of using phase-change solvents is the opportunity to use low grade heat (around 80°C or higher) for precipitate dissolution. The objective of this paper is to carry out a cost-benefit analysis of phase-change solvents for CO2 capture. For each phase-change solvent class, multiple levels of heat integration are considered and their impact on total heat duty is quantified
perkembangan batik gajah oling banyuwangi 1980-2013
No full textABSTRAK Sasmita, Anggit Gita. 2014. Perkembangan Batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi 1980-2013. Skripsi, Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, Jurusan Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing:(1) Drs. Irawan, M.Hum. (2) Drs. Mashuri, M. Hum. Kata Kunci: Batik Gajah Oling, Perkembangan, Banyuwangi Batik Banyuwangi merupakan salah satu batik pesisiran yang banyak mengambil motif flora dan fauna sebagai ungkapan simbolis daerah setempat. Batik Banyuwangi mampu menunjukan kemajuannya di industri batik dengan ciri khas batiknya sendiri, meskipun Banyuwangi bukan daerah penghasil batik yang besar seperti Pekalongan, Jogja dan Solo. Industri batik di Banyuwangi terus berkembang sejak diketahui keberadaannya pada 1980. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan tersebut, seperti peran dari pengrajin itu sendiri dan juga tidak lepas dari campur tangan pemerintah daerah. Batik yang menjadi andalan dari Kabupaten Banyuwangi adalah batik Gajah Oling yang memiliki filosofi mendalam bagi masyarakat Banyuwangi, namun ada banyak versi yang berkembang terkait dasar filosofi yang terkandung dalam batik Gajah Oling, dan sampai saat ini masih belum ada kesepakatan final mengenai dasar filosofi batik Gajah Oling tersebut. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan dari masing-masing pengusaha batik maupun budayawan memiliki keyakinan sendiri-sendiri tentang keberadaan trade mark batik Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap filosofi yang terkandung di dalam Batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi, mengetahui bagaimana perkembangan yang terjadi pada Batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi di tahun 1980 hingga 2013, dan seberapa jauh dampak dari perkembangan batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi pada bidang ekonomi dan sosial bagi pembatik di Banyuwangi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Teknik mendapatkan sumber penulis lakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Berdasarkan pada eviden dan hasil analisis penulis peroleh, bahwa setiap motif batik mempunyai makna filosofi masing-masing. Makna-makna tersebut menunjukkan kedalaman pemahaman terhadap nilai-nilai lokal dan sampai sekarang nilai-nilai tersebut masih bertahan. Begitu pula dengan batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi, yang memiliki dasar filosofi yang tidak lepas dari latar belakang sejarah Kerajaan Blambangan pada masa Raja Tawangalun. Batik Gajah Oling memiliki kisah yang panjang bagi masyarakat Banyuwangi. Nama Gajah Oling memiliki arti dan karakteristik tersendiri yang dapat dijadikan contoh dalam berkehidupan. Ketika kita memakai batik Gajah Oling didalamnya terdapat pesan yang tinggi bagi pemakainya yaitu layaknya seekor Gajah yang memiliki kekuatan yang besar untuk melawan kebatilan dan kesemena-menaan dan seperti seekor Oling yang memiliki kegigihan dan keuletan agar kita tidak pantang menyerah dalam menghadapi keadaan apapun. Pada penelitian ini juga diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa perkembangan batik Gajah Oling sejak 1980 hingga 2013 tidak lepas dari peran pengrajin yang terus melakukan inovasi dari segi desain maupun teknik membatik. Pemerintah pun juga turut andil dalam kemajuan batik Banyuwangi dengan mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan khusus untuk meninggkatkan daya jual batik Banyuwangi, seperti melakukan pelatihan untuk pembatik yang diadakan satu tahun sekali, pengadaan event-event khusus batik seperti Banyuwangi Batik Festival (BBF) yang diadakan pada 2013 dan juga pengeluaran himbauan atas usulan dari pembatik yang berisi himbauan kepada seluruh pegawai pemerintahan untuk menggunakan batik Banyuwangi di hari kerja yaitu pada hari Kamis, Jumat dan Sabtu. Jadi, jika diamati pada penelitian batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi ini terjadi kerjasama yang harmonis antara pengusaha batik dengan pemerintah daerah dalam upaya memajukan industri batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi dari yang awalnya bersifat komersil personal menjadi industri sehingga timbul ekspansi penjualan batik yang bisa diterima pasar nasional bahkan internasional. Kondisi ini juga membawa dampak pada bidang ekonomi dan sosial. Berkembangnya batik Banyuwangi juga mempengaruhi jumlah tenaga kerja wanita yang bekerja di industri batik. Melalui tangan para pembatik, maka batik masih ada sampai saat ini dan dikenal para penerus budaya. ABSTRACT Sasmita, Anggit Gita. 2014. Development of Batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi 1980-2013. Thesis, Programme of Study History Education, History Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, State University of Malang. Supervisor: (1) Drs. Irawan, M.Hum. (2) Drs. Mashuri, M.Hum Key Words: Batik Gajah Oling, Development, Banyuwangi Batik Banyuwangi is a coastal batik taking motives of fauna and flora as local symbolic language. However Banyuwangi is not a centre area of batik as like Pekalongan, Jogja, and Solo but it influences batik industry in general. It develops around 1980 and there are a lot of factors constructing its development. Those are the role of craftsman and the local government policy. Batik Gajah Oling as a main commodity of Banyuwangi has meaning and values for Banyuwangi society. Philosophically, there are some interpretations behind batik Gajah Oling; nevertheless there is no convention between entrepreneur and cultural observer on the philosophy of batik Gajah Oling. Therefore, they believe by themselves on the batik trade mark. This study aims to reveal the philosophy of batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi; to know how batik Gajah Oling develops between 1980 and 2013; and how batik Gajah Oling influences social-economy aspect of Banyuwangi society. Historical method used for this study consisting of heuristic, critics, interpretation, and historiography. Moreover, the author compiles the sources from observation, interview, enumeration, and library research. Accordance with evidence and the author analysis result, that every batik has a motif and every motif has a philosophy itself. The meaning shows understanding of local value and that value still exist. Batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi has a philosophy that according to historical background of kingdom of Blambangan in King Tawangalun period. Batik Gajah Oling has a long story for Banyuwangi society. The name of Gajah Oling has a special meaning and characteristic that as role for human race. When we are wearing batik Gajah Oling, there is a message for usage that like an elephant has a big power against a wickedness and a yoke and also Oling has persistence and tenacity so that we never give up to face a any situation. This study concludes that the development of batik Gajah Oling from 1980 to 2013 depends on the role of innovative craftsman not only on the design or the batik work. In addition, the government issues some specific policy to support batik Banyuwangi development, for instance training of doing batik work once a year, organizing batik events or Banyuwangi batik festival in 2013, and proposing all civil servants to wear batik Banyuwangi in work days between Thursday and Friday. It could be clearly seen that there is a good cooperation between government and entrepreneur to develop industry of batik Gajah Oling Banyuwangi from hold house industry to national and international industry. This influences social-economic aspect. Batik industry needs many workers especially women to do batik work. They are really known as a conservationist
Perancangan tata warna untuk Memvisualisasikan emosi pada film animasi “tarman: dendam kesumat”
No full textColor is one of the most important basic elements in animated film. Color can
provide a certain mood to the audience so that the message to be conveyed by the
film can be delivered properly. The text convered explains the seacrh and
exploration process of color for an emotion of tension, sadness and peace. The
author also discusses the theory used to achieve the desired color in the film
Selective H2S Absorption Using the Mixture of NaOH-NaHCO3-Na2CO3 Buffer Solvent Solution
No full textAcid gas enrichment unit (AGEU) involves selective separation of H2S from acid gas mixture, for example using absorption with an NaOH solvent solution. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) buffer addition to NaOH solution suppresses CO2 absorption, thereby increasing the selectivity of H2S absorption. This study evaluated the effect of buffer addition to increase H2S absorption selectivity using an NaOH solution. It was shown that both buffer addition and L/G ratio decrease could increase H2S selectivity by limiting CO2 absorption. Based on the simulation results, in the 0.006 to 0.030 L/G ratio range and NaOH solvent concentration greater than 2%-mass, the addition of NaHCO3 with mass ratio greater than 1.5:1 to NaOH and the addition of Na2CO3 at 1.26 times NaHCO3’s mass increased H2S absorption selectivity up to 17.3%. The combination of an L/G ratio of 0.006 and solvent with a composition of 5%-mass NaOH, 15%-mass NaHCO3, and 18.9%-mass Na2CO3 produced the highest H2S selectivity of 23.1 (379.7% H2S selectivity increase)
