1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Toxicity of pesticides used in lowland crops on egg parasitoids
No full textCrops used in lowland areas, such as rice and soybeans, are affected by biotic factors that cause significant reductions in productive potential, and are currently the main chemical control method used. The erroneous use of this control method can lead to adverse effects on natural enemies, such as Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), important biological control agents for lepidopterans and pest hemiptera, respectively. Therefore, to assess the compatibility of the use of pesticides and natural enemies, the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) presents methodologies used globally, involving a sequence of studies in laboratory, semi-field and field conditions. In the laboratory study (manuscript 1), together with the treatments (insecticides registered for the soybean crop) we included a natural stressor (temperature) to assess the possible interactions with the adverse effects caused on
T. podisi. Thus, we found that, on adult insects, methoxyfenozide + espinetoram presented an antagonistic interaction as the temperature increased. Unlike chlorfenapyr, where a synergistic effect was observed, with greater effects occurring at 30 ºC. Acephate, spinosad and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin caused 100% adult mortality at all temperatures evaluated, however the lethal time was significantly shorter when the temperature increased from 15 to 30 ºC. Chlorantraniliprole had no
effect on the parasitoid at the studied temperatures. In the greenhouse (semi-field) bioassays (manuscript 2), we evaluated the deleterious effects on T. podisi of a fungicide, an herbicide and an insecticide widely used in irrigated rice fields and, after determining the rates of dissipation and concentrations for a period of up to 20 days after application, we correlate the results in order to know the respective minimum concentrations so as not to cause significant effects to the parasitoid. From this, our results demonstrated that the estimated half-life times (DT50) were approximately 17, 4 and 5 days for azoxystrobin, cyhalofop-butyl and thiamethoxam, respectively, when applied over rice leaves. For cyhalofop-butyl and thiamethoxam, the extrapolation of the regression line suggests that leaf concentrations below 120 and 6 mg.kg-1, respectively, do not cause significant effects on the life cycle of T. podisi. Finally, in bioassays carried out under field conditions (manuscript 3), we developed a
methodology for verifying the reduction of parasitism caused by T. pretiosum, when released inundated and contaminated with insecticides already reported as harmful in laboratory tests. We found that based on our results, the insecticides lambdacyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and zeta cypermethrin were classified according to the IOBC as moderately harmful (Class 3) and, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin was
classified as harmful (Class 4). Therefore, we conclude that, even causing effects less than those obtained in the laboratory by other authors, these insecticides should not be priorized within a IPM program.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqCultivos utilizados em áreas de várzea, como arroz e soja, são afetados por fatores bióticos que causam significativas reduções do potencial produtivo, sendo, atualmente, o químico principal método de controle utilizado. O uso de forma errônea desse método de controle pode ocasionar em efeitos adversos sobre inimigos naturais, como Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) e
Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), importantes agentes de controle biológico de lepidópteros e hemípteros-praga, respectivamente. Logo, para avaliar a compatibilidade da utilização de agrotóxicos e inimigos naturais, a International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) apresenta metodologias padronizadas envolvendo uma sequência de estudos em condições de laboratório, semi-campo e campo. No estudo de laboratório (artigo 1), juntamente com os tratamentos (inseticidas registrados para a cultura da soja) incluímos um estressor natural (temperatura) para avaliar as possíveis interações com os efeitos adversos causados sobre T. podisi. Com isso, descobrimos que, sobre insetos adultos, metoxifenozide+espinetoram apresentou uma interação antagônica conforme o aumento da temperatura. Diferentemente de clorfenapir, onde um efeito sinérgico foi observado, com maiores efeitos ocorrendo aos 30 ºC. Acefato, espinosade e tiametoxam+lambda-cialotrina ocasionaram 100% de mortalidade de adultos em todas temperaturas avaliadas, entretanto o tempo letal foi significativamente menor quando a temperatura se elevou de 15 para 30 ºC. Clorantraniliprole não apresentou nenhum efeito sobre o parasitoide nas temperaturas estudadas. Já nos bioensaios em casa-de-vegetação (semi-campo) (artigo 2), avaliamos os efeitos deletérios sobre T.podisi de um fungicida, um herbicida e um inseticida amplamente utilizados em
lavouras de arroz irrigado e, após determinar as taxas de dissipação e as concentrações por um período de até 20 dias após a aplicação, correlacionamos os resultados afim de conhecer as respectivas concentrações mínimas a não causarem efeitos significativos ao parasitoide. A partir disso, nossos resultados demonstraram que, os tempos de meia-vida estimados (DT50) foram de aproximadamente 17, 4 e 5 dias para azoxistrobina, cialofope butílico e tiametoxam, respectivamente, quando aplicados sobre folhas de arroz. Para cialofope butílico e tiametoxam, a extrapolação da linha de regressão sugere que concentrações foliares abaixo de 120 e 6 mg.kg-1, respectivamente, não causam efeitos significativos ao ciclo de vida de T. podisi. Por fim, nos bioensaios realizados em condições de campo (artigo 3), desenvolvemos uma metodologia para verificação da redução do parasitismo ocasionada em T. pretiosum, quando liberados inundativamente e contaminados com inseticidas já relatados como nocivos em testes laboratoriais. Verificamos que com base em nossos resultados, os inseticidas lambda-cialotrina, tiametoxam e zeta cipermetrina foram classificados
segundo a IOBC como moderadamente nocivos (Classe 3) e, tiametoxam+lambdacialotrina foi classificado como nocivo (Classe 4). Logo, concluímos que, mesmo ocasionando efeitos inferiores aos obtidos em laboratório por outros autores, esses inseticidas não devem ser priorizados dentro de um programa de MIP
Toxicity of pesticides used in lowland crops on egg parasitoids
No full textCrops used in lowland areas, such as rice and soybeans, are affected by biotic factors that cause significant reductions in productive potential, and are currently the main chemical control method used. The erroneous use of this control method can lead to adverse effects on natural enemies, such as Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), important biological control agents for lepidopterans and pest hemiptera, respectively. Therefore, to assess the compatibility of the use of pesticides and natural enemies, the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) presents methodologies used globally, involving a sequence of studies in laboratory, semi-field and field conditions. In the laboratory study (manuscript 1), together with the treatments (insecticides registered for the soybean crop) we included a natural stressor (temperature) to assess the possible interactions with the adverse effects caused on
T. podisi. Thus, we found that, on adult insects, methoxyfenozide + espinetoram presented an antagonistic interaction as the temperature increased. Unlike chlorfenapyr, where a synergistic effect was observed, with greater effects occurring at 30 ºC. Acephate, spinosad and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin caused 100% adult mortality at all temperatures evaluated, however the lethal time was significantly shorter when the temperature increased from 15 to 30 ºC. Chlorantraniliprole had no
effect on the parasitoid at the studied temperatures. In the greenhouse (semi-field) bioassays (manuscript 2), we evaluated the deleterious effects on T. podisi of a fungicide, an herbicide and an insecticide widely used in irrigated rice fields and, after determining the rates of dissipation and concentrations for a period of up to 20 days after application, we correlate the results in order to know the respective minimum concentrations so as not to cause significant effects to the parasitoid. From this, our results demonstrated that the estimated half-life times (DT50) were approximately 17, 4 and 5 days for azoxystrobin, cyhalofop-butyl and thiamethoxam, respectively, when applied over rice leaves. For cyhalofop-butyl and thiamethoxam, the extrapolation of the regression line suggests that leaf concentrations below 120 and 6 mg.kg-1, respectively, do not cause significant effects on the life cycle of T. podisi. Finally, in bioassays carried out under field conditions (manuscript 3), we developed a
methodology for verifying the reduction of parasitism caused by T. pretiosum, when released inundated and contaminated with insecticides already reported as harmful in laboratory tests. We found that based on our results, the insecticides lambdacyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and zeta cypermethrin were classified according to the IOBC as moderately harmful (Class 3) and, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin was
classified as harmful (Class 4). Therefore, we conclude that, even causing effects less than those obtained in the laboratory by other authors, these insecticides should not be priorized within a IPM program.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqCultivos utilizados em áreas de várzea, como arroz e soja, são afetados por fatores bióticos que causam significativas reduções do potencial produtivo, sendo, atualmente, o químico principal método de controle utilizado. O uso de forma errônea desse método de controle pode ocasionar em efeitos adversos sobre inimigos naturais, como Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) e
Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), importantes agentes de controle biológico de lepidópteros e hemípteros-praga, respectivamente. Logo, para avaliar a compatibilidade da utilização de agrotóxicos e inimigos naturais, a International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) apresenta metodologias padronizadas envolvendo uma sequência de estudos em condições de laboratório, semi-campo e campo. No estudo de laboratório (artigo 1), juntamente com os tratamentos (inseticidas registrados para a cultura da soja) incluímos um estressor natural (temperatura) para avaliar as possíveis interações com os efeitos adversos causados sobre T. podisi. Com isso, descobrimos que, sobre insetos adultos, metoxifenozide+espinetoram apresentou uma interação antagônica conforme o aumento da temperatura. Diferentemente de clorfenapir, onde um efeito sinérgico foi observado, com maiores efeitos ocorrendo aos 30 ºC. Acefato, espinosade e tiametoxam+lambda-cialotrina ocasionaram 100% de mortalidade de adultos em todas temperaturas avaliadas, entretanto o tempo letal foi significativamente menor quando a temperatura se elevou de 15 para 30 ºC. Clorantraniliprole não apresentou nenhum efeito sobre o parasitoide nas temperaturas estudadas. Já nos bioensaios em casa-de-vegetação (semi-campo) (artigo 2), avaliamos os efeitos deletérios sobre T.podisi de um fungicida, um herbicida e um inseticida amplamente utilizados em
lavouras de arroz irrigado e, após determinar as taxas de dissipação e as concentrações por um período de até 20 dias após a aplicação, correlacionamos os resultados afim de conhecer as respectivas concentrações mínimas a não causarem efeitos significativos ao parasitoide. A partir disso, nossos resultados demonstraram que, os tempos de meia-vida estimados (DT50) foram de aproximadamente 17, 4 e 5 dias para azoxistrobina, cialofope butílico e tiametoxam, respectivamente, quando aplicados sobre folhas de arroz. Para cialofope butílico e tiametoxam, a extrapolação da linha de regressão sugere que concentrações foliares abaixo de 120 e 6 mg.kg-1, respectivamente, não causam efeitos significativos ao ciclo de vida de T. podisi. Por fim, nos bioensaios realizados em condições de campo (artigo 3), desenvolvemos uma metodologia para verificação da redução do parasitismo ocasionada em T. pretiosum, quando liberados inundativamente e contaminados com inseticidas já relatados como nocivos em testes laboratoriais. Verificamos que com base em nossos resultados, os inseticidas lambda-cialotrina, tiametoxam e zeta cipermetrina foram classificados
segundo a IOBC como moderadamente nocivos (Classe 3) e, tiametoxam+lambdacialotrina foi classificado como nocivo (Classe 4). Logo, concluímos que, mesmo ocasionando efeitos inferiores aos obtidos em laboratório por outros autores, esses inseticidas não devem ser priorizados dentro de um programa de MIP
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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