170,236 research outputs found
Measurements of the branchial sieve of sardine (Sardinops sagax ocellatus) from the west and south coasts of southern Africa
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-46).Branchial sieves of southern African sardine (Sardinops sagax ocellatus) were collected from three geographical regions along the southern African coast: Namibia, the south coast and the west coast of South Africa. Sardine from Namibia represented the northern Benguela upwelling ecosystem while sardine from the west and south coasts of South Africa represented the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem. Morphometric measurements (gill arch length and gill raker spacing) and counts (number of gill rakers) of branchial sieves on the left side of the first gill arch were taken to determine whether the sardine from these regions have different branchial sieve structures
Summer food habits and gill raker morphology of seven Catostomid species in Iowa rivers
No full textPrevious attempts to age Carpiodes spp. have focused on the use of scales or dorsal fin rays. Past studies indicate that obtaining age estimates from these structures in other species is difficult and inconsistent. We examined between reader precision of age estimates of scales and pectoral fin rays for 123 highfin carpsuckers Carpiodes velifer, 174 quillback carpsuckers C. cyprinus and 135 river carpsucker C. carpio. Precision of age estimates was assessed through measures of agreement, the coefficient of variation (CV), and a confidence rating. Exact agreement between readers was higher for fin rays (highfin carpsucker = 82.1%; quillback carpsucker = 75.9%; river carpsucker = 77.0%) than scales (highfin carpsucker = 69.5%, quillback carpsucker = 68.9%; river carpsucker = 71.1%). In addition, CV was lower for fin rays (highfin carpsucker = 2.28; quillback carpsucker = 2.43; river carpsucker = 2.90) than scales (highfin carpsucker = 2.95; quillback carpsucker = 3.00; river carpsucker = 3.46). Fin rays were also assigned a higher confidence rating (i.e., mean readability, 0-3 with 3 being high; highfin carpsucker = 2.22; quillback carpsucker = 1.95; river carpsucker = 1.92) than scales (highfin carpsucker = 1.53; quillback carpsucker = 1.51; river carpsucker = 1.68).
Food habits, diet overlap and gill raker morphology of highfin carpsucker Carpiodes velifer, quillback carpsucker C. velifer, river carpsucker C. carpio, golden redhorse Moxostoma erythrurum, shorthead redhorse M. macrolepidotum, silver redhorse M. anisurum, and northern hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans in four Iowa rivers. Diet overlap of invertebrates among all species was calculated with Morista's index (C). Food habit niche width was quantified with Levin's index (B) and similarity of gill raker morphology was compared with analysis of covariance. Values from Morista's index suggested significant overlap in the diets of highfin carpsucker and river carpsucker (C = 0.81), quillback and river carpsucker (C = 0.66), and shorthead redhorse and silver redhorse (C = 0.67). Levin's index showed that golden redhorse, quillback carpsucker, and river carpsucker had the most generalized feeding strategies as their food niche widths were substantially wider than other species (golden redhorse B = 0.32; quillback carpsucker B = 0.53; river carpsucker B = 0.41). Gill raker length and spacing were positively correlated with the standard length of the fish for all species (length: r2 = 0.67-0.88, P ≤ 0.01; spacing: r2 = 0.63-0.73, P ≤ 0.01). Comparisons of the slope of the regression of gill raker spacing to standard lengths were not significantly different for highfin carpsucker and quillback carpsucker (P = 0.37), highfin carpsucker and river carpsucker (P = 0.08), quillback carpsucker and river carpsucker (P = 0.10) shorthead redhorse and golden redhorse (P = 0.76), golden redhorse and silver redhorse (P = 0.07). Differences in gill raker morphology allow the sampled catostomid species to utilize different aquatic invertebrate species and reduce competition.</p
Morphological divergence amongst plate morphs in the Burrishoole catchment; A) divergence in geometric morphometric shape space, deformation grids represent shape change along PC1 at extremes of -0.06 (left) and 0.06 (right); boxplots showing differences in lateral plate number (B) anti-predator traits (C), gill raker length (D) and gill raker number (E) between lateral plate location groupings.
No full text<p>Morphological divergence amongst plate morphs in the Burrishoole catchment; A) divergence in geometric morphometric shape space, deformation grids represent shape change along PC1 at extremes of -0.06 (left) and 0.06 (right); boxplots showing differences in lateral plate number (B) anti-predator traits (C), gill raker length (D) and gill raker number (E) between lateral plate location groupings.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
HIV type 1 infection of Human Fetal bone marrow cells induces apoptotic changes in hematopoietic precursors cells and suppresses their in vitro differentiation and capacity to engraft SCID mice.
No full textMitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Reflections: The Honorable Irma S. Raker – Judge, Teacher, and Role Model
No full textThis article is a sketch of Judge Irma S. Raker’s career from her days as a law student at Washington College of Law to her distinguished career as a jurist and teacher. Judge Raker’s first legal job was as an Assistant State’s Attorney in Montgomery County, Maryland, where her appointment as the first woman litigator was a milestone in the local legal community. She was appointed in 1980 to serve as a judge on the District Court for Montgomery County and, in 1982, to serve on the Circuit Court for Montgomery County. Judge Raker decided a number of seminal cases, including Burning Tree Club, Inc. v. Bainum, 501 A.2d 817 (Md. 1985), which was affirmed by the Maryland Court of Appeals. Since 1982 she has participated in the WCL’s Trial Advocacy Program, and is now the Program’s senior adjunct faculty member. She has taught more than five hundred law students civil and criminal trial advocacy skills and is considered one of the WCL’s best teachers. In addition to additional WCL service, such as serving as a Moot Court judge, Judge Raker has greatly contributed to the larger legal community, including service as an elected member of the Board of Governors of the Maryland State Bar Association and as Chair of the ABA Criminal Justice Standards Committee Task Force on Diversion and Special Courts. She is also the recipient of the ABA’s Margaret Brent Award for her contributions to women in the legal profession
A Study on Passive Resistance of Raker Support System
No full textRaker method is used when strut or ground anchor is difficult to apply, and when the depth of excavation is shallow. However, current design standards of the raker method lack criteria for evaluation of the earth pressure acting on the kicker block, so it is not always safe during construction. In other words, there is no proper applicable standard for evaluation of passive earth pressure. Therefore, geotechnical designers have a different view on the design of the raker system to evaluate the passive pressure of the Kicker block. For this reason, some raker system adopted in the filed becomes unstable due to large displacement which often causes catastrophic disaster.
Earth pressure theory is plastic equilibrium state theory. The active earth pressure is the earth pressure when the soil is in plastic state due to decrease of horizontal force of soil. On the other hand, the passive earth pressure is the earth pressure when the soil is in plastic state because of the increase horizontal force of soil. Passive displacement which induces the passive earth pressure is larger than the active displacement. Therefore, it is unreasonable to apply the calculated passive earth pressure fully on the kicker block regarding stability evaluation.
The results of the review on the current design standards show that 50% or 100% of the passive earth pressure has been applied to stability evaluation of the kicker block. In the relation between passive displacement and active displacement, it is reasonable to reduce the passive earth pressure on the kicker block to 1/2. In addition, if the soil has cohesion, applying c=0 to stability evaluation is a conservative assumption on active earth pressure for the safety aspect.1. 서 론 1
1.1 연구의 배경 1
1.2 연구의 내용 및 목적 2
2. 이론적 배경 3
2.1 주동토압과 수동토압 3
2.1.1 Rankine의 주동토압 3
2.1.2 Rankine의 수동토압 5
2.2 토압과 변위의 관계 8
2.3 말뚝의 수평저항력 9
2.3.1 극한평형법 10
2.3.2 Broms방법 11
3. 설계기준 및 설계방법 분석 13
3.1 설계기준 현황 13
3.1.1 경사고임대 설계기준 검토 13
3.1.2 옹벽 설계기준 검토 16
3.2 경사고임대 설계방법 17
3.2.1 경사고임대 지지체 설계순서 17
3.2.2 지지블록의 안정성검토 18
3.2.3 지지블록 + 지지말뚝의 안정성검토 20
3.3 설계 소프트웨어 22
3.3.1 설계 소프트웨어 특징 22
4. 사고사례 및 설계사례 분석 24
4.1 경사고임대 사고사례 24
4.1.1 목포 ○○○○ 아파트 단지 주차장 붕괴 24
4.1.2 제주 ○○동 원룸신축공사 가시설 붕괴 26
4.2 설계사례 27
4.2.1 설계사례 요약 27
4.2.2 영도구 ○○아파트 신축공사(사례 1) 28
4.2.3 고양시 일산동구 ○○시설 신축공사(사례 2) 33
4.2.4 서대신동 ○○○ 신축공사(사례 3) 37
4.2.5 서구 ○○주택 신축공사(사례 5) 41
4.2.6 수영구 ○○아파트신축공사(사례 4) 45
4.2.7 화정○○아파트 공동주택 건설공사(사례 6) 49
4.2.8 수송동 ○○업무복합시설 신축공사(사례 7) 53
5. 결 론 57
참고문헌 58
감사의 글 61Maste
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