196 research outputs found
Heterotrophic nitrification in soils: Approaches and mechanisms
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100018647 RUDNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003443 Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100015659 Southern Federal Universit
Special Abilities of Microbes and Their Application in Agro-Biology
No full textAmid the growing challenges posed by climate change, securing global food security has never been more critical. This imperative is at the heart of the United Nations' "Zero Hunger" SDG. This reprint unveils the innovational role of microbial-based biofertilizers in creating sustainable agricultural solutions. Microbes, resilient and adaptable, thrive in the most extreme environments on Earth—from the icy polar regions and searing hot springs to polluted and arid lands. Their extraordinary adaptability, driven by unique biochemical and physiological mechanisms, equips them with the ability to produce essential enzymes and metabolites. These capabilities are harnessed to support sustainable agriculture, particularly in enhancing soil fertility and crop production under diverse environmental stressors. It meticulously documents case studies demonstrating the efficacy of such microbes as biofertilizers, bio-stimulants, and biopesticides, which perfectly align with sustainable agriculture and circular economy principles. This is a vital resource for students, researchers, scholars, and policymakers. It provides insights into how microbial solutions can be strategically implemented to promote sustainable agricultural practices that work in harmony with nature. As we navigate the complexities of climate change, this volume serves as a beacon of hope, illustrating how leveraging the special abilities of microbes can lead to a resilient and sustainable agricultural future
Biochar promoted soil organic carbon accumulation and aggregate stability by increasing the content of organic complex metal oxides in paddy soil
No full textThe physical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) by soil aggregates is one of the important mechanisms on SOC accumulation. Mineral-organic complexes can immobilize organic carbon. It is also a key factor affecting aggregate stability. Biochar can not only promote the accumulation of SOC, but also improve the stability of aggregates. Under frequent fluctuations of soil redox potential in paddy soil, the precipitation-dissolution equilibrium of reactive metal oxides demonstrates heightened sensitivity to biochar addition. These metal oxides play a critical role in stabilizing organic carbon through their regulatory effects. So far, the effect of biochar on the stability of SOC in soil aggregates and mineral-organic complexes in paddy soils has rarely been reported. A field experiment using gradient application rates of biochar was conducted to verify whether mineral-organic complexes play a key role in aggregate stability under biochar application. The results showed that biochar application improved the contents of SOC and total nitrogen. The contents of the soil complexed iron (Fep) and aluminum (Alp), exchangeable manganese (Mnexc) and organic complex manganese (Mnorg) oxides increased with the increase of the biochar application rate. Biochar application resulted in the increased proportion of large macroaggregates and macroaggregates, while the proportion of microaggregates and silt-clay aggregates was decreased. At the same time, biochar application resulted in higher SOC content in four aggregate size fractions with the lower effect in the smaller size fractions compared to the larger size fractions. Structural equation model showed that application of biochar enhanced SOC accumulation by increasing the contents of organic matter and forming Fep, Alp and Mnorg in macroaggregate. The result of gradient application rates of biochar showed that the treatment of 45 t·hm−2 was the best. In summary, the application of biochar promoted soil organic carbon accumulation and aggregate stability by increasing the content of organic complex metal oxides in paddy soil. This finding could provide practical implications for carbon sequestration, soil health and sustainable agriculture in paddy fields
Insights into the multifunctional features provided by biochar in polymer systems
No full textThis chapter reviews the current state of the art referring to the preparation and characterization of polymer composites containing different types of biochars derived from various raw materials.
Biochar is a carbonaceous and renewable material derived from the thermochemical conversion of biomasses and/or post-consumer agricultural wastes in an oxygen-limited environment, well-fitting in the
current circular economy concept. Some potential applications of the designed composite systems are discussed, highlighting the challenges and possible future developments. The use of biochar as carbon material with low environmental impact has been consolidated in several fields, from agriculture to water treatment. Nevertheless, the low economic value of alternative materials used for the same purposes slowed down biochar production worldwide. Accordingly, the use of biochar for high value applications has become a key and strategic point for the development of a biochar economic system. Among all the possible uses, incorporation of biochar into polymer systems is one of the most appealing solutions to boost this filler use in the effective way. Biochar-based composites have shown a remarkable set of interesting features including enhanced mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. In this chapter, the overview on recent advances in polymers reinforced with biochar, focusing on the resulting structure-property relationships were performed thoroughly
Scientometric portrait of Ram Gopal Rastogi
No full textPublication productivity of Indian scientist (R.G. Rastogi) has been documented.
Scientometric analysis of 312 papers by Ram Gopal Rastogi published during 1954 to 1992 in various domains: (a) Luni -solar activity and quiet -time E & F- region (57); (b) Equatorial electric field and low and mid latitude iof:osphere (78); (c) Ionospheric E- region irregularities (19); (dj Ionospheric F- region irregularities (32); and (e) Magnetic disturbance effects on the equatorial low and mid latitude ionosphere (23) were analysed. Interdomainery contents and of the number of papers: a+b were 36; b+c and b+d were 20 each; b+e were 16;. c+e were 5; a+e were 3; d+e were 2; and a+d had only one publication. Highest collaborations were with H. Chandra (61), M.R. Deshpande (42), and G. Sethia (19) out of his total 97 collaborators. His highest productivity was during 1978 with 28 papers followed by 19 papers during 1977. The core journals preferred by him for publishing papers were: Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics, India, and Journal of Atomic & Terrestrial Physics, UK (59 each), followed by Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, India (34). Most prolific title keywords with their frequencies were: Ionosphere (92); Equatorial (61); F-region (53); Equatorial electrojet region (40), and Magnetic equator (30)
Sustainable alleviation of cadmium toxicity in soybean through biochar and silicon oxide nanoparticles: insights into photosynthesis and physiological responses
No full textCadmium (Cd) toxicity in soil presents a major threat to global agricultural sustainability by adversely affecting plant growth and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and biochar nanoparticles (BC NPs) in mitigating Cd-induced stress in Glycine max (soybean). Soybean seeds were surface-sterilized and germinated in Petri plats, and then transferred to pots (five replicates per treatment). At 15 d after transplanting (DAT), Cd stress (150 mu M CdCl2) was applied via soil, followed by foliar applications of BC NPs (50 ppm) and SiO2 NPs (100 ppm) from 25 to 30 DAT, while control plants received distilled water. Cadmium stress significantly reduced growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, protein content, osmolyte accumulation, and uptake of essential nutrient, while increasing oxidative stress biomarkers such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde. In contrast, the application of BC NPs and SiO2 NPs, both individually and in combination, markedly improved plant growth, photosynthetic performance, protein content, soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, proline levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, NPs treatments enhanced the uptake of essential nutrients including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N) while reducing Cd accumulation in the leaves. Notably, the combined application of BC NPs and SiO2 NPs exhibited the most pronounced protective effects across all measured physiological, biochemical, and nutritional parameters.Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal UniversityVDR acknowledge support by the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal University ('Priority 2030')
Editorial for Special Issue “Nano-Bioremediation Approaches for Degraded Soils and Sustainable Crop Production”
No full textIn recent decades, the global population has rapidly increased, resulting in an increasing demand for food [...
Editorial for “Special Abilities of Microbes and Their Application in Agro-Biology”
No full textCurrently, climate change-related environmental issues associated with agriculture is alarming and poses a potential risk to global food security, causing significant global concern as a result [...
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