126,398 research outputs found
Genetic variation at the apolipoprotein B gene and associations with coronary heart disease and its factors.
No full textPhDCoronary heart disease (CED) is the major cause of mortality in Western societies.
The main risk factors are plasma lipoprotein concentrations, smoking, blood pressure and
family history. The effect of family history implies a genetic contribution to the aetiology,
support for which has also come from twin, and other heritability studies. The genetic
component of CHID may be studied by the candidate gene approach, whereby the genes of
products most likely to be involved in the processes leading to CHD, and in its risk factors,
are analysed. The plasma concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) B, the major protein
component of low density lipoprotein (LDL), is positively correlated with the risk of
developing CHD.
In this research, the gene for apo B was analysed for restriction enzyme fragment
length polymorphisms (RFLPs). A RFLP is caused by a sequence change in the DNA, and
results in length variation in the fragments. RFLPs for apo B have been shown to be
associated with CHD and the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and apo B
in some population studies. However, other studies have failed to confirm these relations.
The work described in this thesis was designed to overcome some of the problems which
niay have produced these inconsistencies. A random sample of 300 men, aged 49-65 years,
residing in South Wales was studied. RFLPs determined in these individuals were used to
generate genotypes and haplotypes (arrangements of specific alleles on a single
chromosome). Significant associations were found between some genotypes and some
haplotypes with altered concentrations of plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and
with risk of CHD and/or with obesity. Presence of Xbal site (X2X2 genotype) was
significantly associated with higher concentrations of plasma LDL cholesterol (p=0.0 19).
Absence of Mspl site (M 1) was associated with significantly elevated concentrations of
plasma total and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) by both the techniques of genotype and
haplotype analysis. EcoRl RFLP (absence of the site - El) was the minimum haplotype
necessary to detect a significant association with decreased plasma cholesterol
J Rajput- Williams Ph. D. Thesis Page 3
concentrations (p < 0.05). Genotypes generated from alleles defined by the Mspl-EcoRl
RFLPs were associated with significant variation in serum cholesterol concentration (p <
0.03), showing a stratification of concentration with the highest being associated with loss
of the Mspl site and the lowest with the presence of the EcoRl site. Both these RFLPs result
in charged aminoacid alterations, and lie close to the LDL receptor binding domain of apo
B. The minimum haplotype necessary for detection of apo B with CHD was Xbal-Mspl (p
< 0.05). The minimum haplotype associated with obesity was the RFLP pair Pvull-Xbal (p
< 0.05).
Further examination for mutations of the CpG dinucleotide which may influence
cholesterol metabolism was undertaken by screening around the putative LDL receptorbinding
domain (RBD) of the apo B gene. One variant was detected for aminoacid residue
3500 (Arg,,,,, 4 Gln) mutation, and two variants for aminoacid residue 3611 which also
corresponds to the MspI mutation (Arg,,, ,4
Gln)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Orthographic influences, vocabulary development and phonological awareness in deaf children who use cochlear implants
No full textIn the current study, we explore the influence of orthographic knowledge on phonological awareness in children with cochlear implants and compare developmental associations to those found for hearing children matched for word reading level or chronological age. We show an influence of orthographic knowledge on syllable and phoneme awareness in deaf and hearing children, but no orthographic effect on rhyme awareness. Nonorthographic rhyme awareness was a significant predictor of reading outcomes for all groups. However, whereas receptive vocabulary knowledge was the most important predictor of word reading variance in the cochlear implant group, rhyme awareness was the only important predictor of word reading variance in the reading level matched hearing group. Both vocabulary and rhyme awareness were equally important in predicting reading in the chronological age-matched hearing group. The data suggest that both deaf and hearing children are influenced by orthography when making phonological judgments, and that phonological awareness and vocabulary are both important for reading developmen
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Depth-resolved x-ray absorption fine structure study of Fe∕Si interfaces using x-ray standing waves
No full textX-ray standing waves generated by total external reflection (TER) from an underlayer of Au have been used to perform depth resolved x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) studies on a Si∕Fe∕Si trilayer in which intermixing has been induced by irradiation with 100 MeV Au ions. It is demonstrated that the technique has a sufficient depth resolution so as to elucidate the depth distribution of various phases formed across the interfaces. Irradiation to a fluence of 1×1013 ions∕cm2 results in complete mixing of the Fe layer. It is observed that in the center of the intermixed layer, the short-range order around Fe ions is similar to the FeSi phase. Moving away from the center, Si concentration increases and the local structure around Fe becomes similar to that of the FeSi2 phase. On the other hand, depth integrated XAFS data could have been interpreted in terms of a homogeneous FeSi2 type of short-range order in the system. Thus, the depth selectivity achieved using TER standing waves combined with the sensitivity of XAFS to local order around a specific element makes it a valuable tool for studying layered materials
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
sj-docx-9-pie-10.1177_09544089221107295 - Supplemental material for Unsteady thermally radiative Prandtl fluid flow past a magnetized inclined porous stretching device with double-diffusion, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-9-pie-10.1177_09544089221107295 for Unsteady thermally radiative Prandtl fluid flow past a magnetized inclined porous stretching device with double-diffusion, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating by Amar B. Patil, Nalini S. Patil, Vishwambhar S. Patil, Pooja P. Humane and Govind R Rajput in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</p
sj-docx-6-pie-10.1177_09544089211050715 - Supplemental material for Thermally and chemically reacted MHD Maxwell nanofluid flow past an inclined permeable stretching surface
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-6-pie-10.1177_09544089211050715 for Thermally and chemically reacted MHD Maxwell nanofluid flow past an inclined permeable stretching surface by Amar B. Patil, Vishwambhar S. Patil, Pooja P. Humane and
Nalini S. Patil, Govind R. Rajput in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</p
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