241 research outputs found
Chronic cardiac disease should be considered when using left ventricular dimensions to assess volume status and fluid responsiveness
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Metabolism and Pathophysiology of Bariatric Surgery: Nutrition, Procedures, Outcomes and Adverse Effects
No full textPathophysiology of Bariatric Surgery: Metabolism, Nutrition, Procedures, Outcomes and Adverse Effects uses a metabolic and nutritional theme to explain the complex interrelationships between obesity and metabolic profiles before and after bariatric surgery. The book is sectioned into seven distinct areas, Features of Obesity, Surgical Procedures, Nutritional Aspects, Metabolic Aspects, Diabetes, Insulin Resistance and Glucose Control, Cardiovascular and Physiological Effects, and Psychological and Behavioral Effects. Included is coverage on the various types of bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, biliopancreatic diversion, and jejunoileal bypass, as well as the variations upon these procedures. Provides information on diet, nutrition, surgical procedures, outcomes, and side effects in relation to bariatric surgery in one comprehensive text Contains a Dictionary of Terms, Key Facts, and Summary Points in each chapter Includes access to a companion website with accompanying videos.</p
Meal Disposal After Bariatric Surgery
No full textThe meal disposal after bariatric surgery can change depending on the surgical procedures, it is influenced by the gastrointestinal rearrangement and by its functional adaptation to the new anatomical condition.
Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), considered a restrictive and malabsorptive technique, is characterised by a rapid delivery of food into the jejunum that contributes to a rapid appearance of glucose in peripheral circulation and hormonal adaptations. Thus post meal increase of insulin secretion, increased glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide, paradoxical increase of glucagon and reduced suppression of endogenous glucose production contribute to the post meal glycaemic pattern observed and characterised from an initial increase in plasma glucose levels followed by a sharp drop. Furthermore, after RYGB, protein digestion and amino acid absorption appear to be accelerated. A reduction of postprandial triglyceride concentrations is observed, suggesting reduced lipid absorption or increased clearance.
Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), an example of malabsorptive technique, is characterised by major metabolic improvements. BPD determines an important amelioration of insulin sensitivity with a reduction of plasma glucose. However, on the contrary of RYGB, postprandial glycaemic time-course is not influenced. Furthermore, after BPD, the absorption of proteins and, especially, lipids is reduced
Parkinson's disease, nutrition, and surgery in context of critical care
No full textParkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a higher risk of hospitalization than the general population. Therefore, there is a high likelihood of encountering a person with Parkinson’s disease in acute or critical care. Most people with Parkinson’s disease are over the age of 60 years and are likely to have other concurrent medical conditions. Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be the secondary diagnosis during hospital admission. The primary diagnosis may be due to other medical conditions or as a result of complications from Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Symptoms include motor symptoms, such as slowness of movement and tremor, and non-motor symptoms, such as depression, dysphagia, and constipation. There is a large degree of variation in the presence and degree of symptoms as well as in the rate of progression. There is a range of medications that can be used to manage the motor or non-motor symptoms, and side effects can occur. Improper administration of medications can result in deterioration of the patient’s condition and potentially a life-threatening condition called neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome. Nutrients and delayed gastric emptying may also interfere with intestinal absorption of levodopa, the primary medication used for motor symptom management. Rates of protein-energy malnutrition can be up to 15 % in people with Parkinson’s disease in the community, and this is likely to be higher in the acute or critical care setting. Nutrition-related care in this setting should utilize the Nutrition Care Process and take into account each individual’s Parkinson’s disease motor and non-motor symptoms, the severity of disease, limitations due to the disease, medical management regimen, and nutritional status when planning nutrition interventions. Special considerations may need to be taken into account in relation to meal and medication times and the administration of enteral feeding. Nutrition screening, assessment, and monitoring should occur during admission to minimize the effects of Parkinson's disease symptoms and to optimise nutrition-related outcomes
Features and measures of depression in the elderly and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Linking in preexisting mental health
No full text. Alexithymia and fibromyalgia. In Handbook of the Behavior and Psychology of Disease. Edited by Colin Martin, Victor R. Preedy, Vinood B. Patel and Rajkumar Rajendram. Springer.
No full textOkra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Derived Abscisic Acid and Use in Diabetes
No full textPlenty of plants from different regions of the world have been investigated for antidiabetic effects. In the past few years, some of the new bioactive drugs isolated from plants showed antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than oral hypoglycemic agents used in clinical therapy. Researchers are exploring the possibilities offered by complementary and alternative medicine, such as traditional herbal medicine. This chapter was designed to report in particular the hypoglycemic properties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)) according to traditional medicine and reliable clinical and laboratory evidence. Different parts of the okra fruit (mucilage, seed, and pods) contain certain important bioactive components, in particular abscisic acid, which confer its medicinal properties
Recommended resources on the neuroscience of depression: Genetics, cell biology, neurology, behavior, and diet
No full textHippocrates used “mania” and “melancholia” to describe depression around 400 BC. So, clinicians, researchers, and philosophers have been challenged by depression for over a 1000 years. Yet, while diagnostic criteria for depression are available, there is still an ongoing debate about this definition. However, the true enigma of depression lies not within the inability to define it, but lies in its etiology. Some potential causes of depression have been identified, yet the precise etiology remains unclear. Genetics, changes in neurotransmitters, diet, and psychosocial factors are only some of the plethora of potential causes of depression. Indeed, in recent years, there has been an explosion in the understanding of the neuroscience of depression and the complex interactions between genetics, behavior, and the environment in this disease. The widely publicized, high profile, cases of depression in celebrities have aroused international interest; fueling research in this rapidly developing field. It is now difficult even for experienced scientists to remain up to date. To assist colleagues who are interested in understanding more about this field, we have therefore produced tables containing up-to-date resources in this chapter
SARS-CoV-2 compared with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in terms of vertical transmission
No full textWith regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the possibility of maternal-fetus transmission represents one of the most debated issues, with laboratory and clinical evidence often controversial. Also, when maternal-fetus transmission is assessed, scientific evidence considers this event as rare with several doubts about the perinatal outcomes, as other factors causing postpartum complications cannot be definitely excluded. Deep knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV2, influenza virus, and RSV vertical transmission is crucial for planning the management of the affected mothers and monitoring and treating their infants. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about the possibility and biological mechanisms underlying maternal-fetus transmission of SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and RS
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