151 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Correlates of poor clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 among older people with psychiatric illness - a mixed methods study
No full textSupplemental Material for Correlates of poor clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 among older people with psychiatric illness - a mixed methods study by Surajudeen Abdulrahman, Naser Al-Balushi, Jason Holdcroft-Long, Uzma Khan, Bipin Ravindran, Sujata Das, and Anto P Rajkumar in The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine</p
The Impact Of The Development Of ICT In Several Hungarian Economic Sectors
No full textAs the author could not find a reassuring mathematical and
statistical method in the literature for studying the effect of
information communication technology on enterprises, the author
suggested a new research and analysis method that he also used to study the Hungarian economic sectors. The question of what
factors have an effect on their net income is vital for enterprises. At first, the author studied some potential indicators related to economic sectors, then those indicators were compared to the net income of the surveyed enterprises. The resulting data showed that the growing penetration of electronic marketplaces contributed to the change of the net income of enterprises to the greatest extent.
Furthermore, among all the potential indicators, it was the only indicator directly influencing the net income of enterprises.
With the help of the compound indicator and the financial data
of the studied economic sectors, the author made an attempt to find a connection between the development level of ICT and
profitability. Profitability and productivity are influenced by a lot of other factors as well. As the effect of the other factors could not be measured, the results – shown in a coordinate system - are not full but informative.
The highest increment of specific Gross Value Added was
produced by the fields of ‘Manufacturing’, ‘Electricity, gas and water supply’, ‘Transport, storage and communication’ and
‘Financial intermediation’. With the exception of ‘Electricity, gas and water supply’, the other economic sectors belong to the group of underdeveloped branches (below 50 percent).
On the other hand, ‘Construction’, ‘Health and social work’ and
‘Hotels and restaurants’ can be seen as laggards, so they got into the lower left part of the coordinate system.
‘Agriculture, hunting and forestry’ can also be classified as a
laggard economic sector, but as the effect of the compound
indicator on the increment of Gross Value Added was less
significant, it can be found in the upper left part of the coordinate system. Drawing a trend line on the points, it can be made clear that it shows a positive gradient, that is, the higher the usage of ICT devices, the higher improvement can be detected in the specific Gross Value Added
Lessons from the 2004 Asian tsunami: nature, prevalence and determinants of prolonged grief disorder among tsunami survivors in South Indian coastal villages
No full textPublished online before print February 16, 2015BACKGROUND: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD), previously called complicated grief, is associated with significant distress and long-term disability, and it may complicate assessments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic events. METHODS: In order to distinguish PGD from PTSD, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among tsunami survivors in five tsunami-affected coastal villages in India, 9 months after the Asian tsunami. RESULTS: Prevalence of PGD among 643 tsunami survivors was 14.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.5%-16.9%) and among the 351 bereaved survivors was 25.9% (95% CI: 21.3%-30.5%). Spousal bereavement, extensive damage to homes, fewer years of education, and absence of tsunami-related physical injury differentiated those with PGD, after adjusting for potential confounders (p < .05). These factors were distinct from the factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among these survivors. Scores on the avoidance, hyper-arousal and intrusion subscales of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised were significantly lower in those with PGD alone than in those with PTSS or with both disorders. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the validity of PGD in a non-Western post-disaster community and its distinctness from PTSD. They have important public health implications in planning responses to natural disasters and for future revisions of diagnostic classifications.Anto P Rajkumar, Titus SP Mohan and Prathap Tharya
Differential expression of m5C RNA methyltransferase genes NSUN6 and NSUN7 in Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury
No full text© The Author(s) 202 3Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Epigenetic processes have become increasingly relevant in understanding disease-modifying mechanisms. 5-Methylcytosine methylations of DNA (5mC) and RNA (m5C) have functional transcriptional and RNA translational consequences and are tightly regulated by writer, reader and eraser effector proteins. To investigate the involvement of 5mC/5hmC and m5C effector proteins contributing to the development of dementia neuropathology, RNA sequencing data of 31 effector proteins across four brain regions was examined in 56 aged non-affected and 51 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) individuals obtained from the Aging, Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Study. Gene expression profiles were compared between AD and controls, between neuropathological Braak and CERAD scores and in individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We found an increase in the DNA methylation writers DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B messenger RNA (mRNA) and a decrease in the reader UHRF1 mRNA in AD samples across three brain regions whilst the DNA erasers GADD45B and AICDA showed changes in mRNA abundance within neuropathological load groupings. RNA methylation writers NSUN6 and NSUN7 showed significant expression differences with AD and, along with the reader ALYREF, differences in expression for neuropathologic ranking. A history of TBI was associated with a significant increase in the DNA readers ZBTB4 and MeCP2 (p < 0.05) and a decrease in NSUN6 (p < 0.001) mRNA. These findings implicate regulation of protein pathways disrupted in AD and TBI via multiple pre- and post-transcriptional mechanisms including potentially acting upon transfer RNAs, enhancer RNAs as well as nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and cytoplasmic translational control. The targeting of such processes provides new therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative brain conditions.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12035-022-03195-
Perspectives of GCSE students attending a psychiatry summer school in south London
No full textCopyright © The Authors 2020
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.AIMS AND METHODThis study evaluated a pilot psychiatry summer school for GCSE students in terms of participant experience, effects on attitudes to mental illness and perception of psychiatry as a career option. This was done using the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill scale, career choice questionnaires and a discussion group following the week-long programme attended by 26 students.RESULTSStudents were significantly more likely to choose psychiatry after the summer school (P = 0.01). There were statistically significant changes in scores for social restrictiveness (P = 0.04) and community mental health ideology (P = 0.02). Qualitative analysis generated four themes: variation in expectations, limited prior knowledge, perception of the summer school itself and uniformly positive attitudes to psychiatry after the summer school.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSTargeting students at this early stage appears to be an underexplored positive intervention for improving both attitudes towards mental illness and recruitment to psychiatry.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-bulletin/article/perspectives-of-gcse-students-attending-a-psychiatry-summer-school-in-south-london/4A4B0B0362731834CBBAE2CDD693330
Systematic review of gene expression studies in people with Lewy body dementia
No full textObjectives:Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative dementia, and it causes more morbidity and mortality than Alzheimer's disease. Several genetic associations of LBD have been reported, and their functional implications remain uncertain. Hence, we aimed to do a systematic review of all gene expression studies that investigated people with LBD for improving our understanding of LBD molecular pathology and for facilitating discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LBD.Methods:We systematically reviewed five online databases (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42017080647) and assessed the functional implications of all reported differentially expressed genes (DEG) using Ingenuity Pathway Analyses.Results:We screened 3,809 articles and identified 31 eligible studies. 1,242 statistically significant (p[less than]0.05) DEGs including 70 microRNAs have been reported in people with LBD. Expression levels of alternatively spliced transcripts of SNCA, SNCB, PRKN, APP, RELA, and ATXN2 significantly differ in LBD. Several mitochondrial genes and genes involved in ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy lysosomal pathway were significantly downregulated in LBD. Evidence supporting chronic neuroinflammation in LBD was inconsistent. Our functional analyses highlighted the importance of RNA-mediated gene silencing, neuregulin signalling, and neurotrophic factors in the molecular pathology of LBD.Conclusions:α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, defects in molecular networks clearing misfolded proteins, and RNA-mediated gene silencing contribute to neurodegeneration in LBD. Larger longitudinal transcriptomic studies investigating biological fluids of people living with LBD are needed for molecular subtyping and staging of LBD. Diagnostic biomarker potential and therapeutic promise of identified DEGs warrant further research
Systematic review of genetic association studies in people with Lewy body dementia
No full textOBJECTIVES: Lewy body dementia (LBD) causes more morbidity, disability and earlier mortality than Alzheimer's disease. Molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in LBD are poorly understood. We aimed to do a systematic review of all genetic association studies that investigated people with LBD for improving our understanding of LBD molecular genetics and for facilitating discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LBD. METHODS: We systematically reviewed five online databases (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42018087114) and completed the quality assessment using the Quality of genetic association studies tool. RESULTS: 8521 articles were screened, and 75 articles were eligible to be included. Genetic associations of LBD with APOE, GBA and SNCA variants have been replicated by two or more good quality studies. Our meta-analyses confirmed that APOE-epsilon4 is significantly associated with dementia with Lewy bodies (pooled odds ratio (POR)= 2.70; 95%CI 2.37-3.07; p<0.001) and Parkinson's disease dementia (POR=1.60; 95%CI 1.21-2.11; p=0.001). Other reported genetic associations that need further replication include variants in A2M, BCHE-K, BCL7C, CHRFAM7A, CNTN1, ESR1, GABRB3, MAPT, mtDNA Haplogroup-H, NOS2A, PSEN1, SCARB2, TFAM, TREM2, and UCHL1. CONCLUSIONS: The reported genetic associations and their potential interactions indicate the importance of alpha-synuclein, amyloid, and tau pathology, autophagy lysosomal pathway, ubiquitin proteasome system, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in LBD. There is a need for larger GWAS for identifying more LBD associated genes. Future hypothesis-driven studies should aim to replicate reported genetic associations of LBD, and to explore their functional implications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/gps.526
Systematic review of the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for improving quality of life of people with dementia
No full text© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly citedBackground People with dementia (PwD) and their carers often consider maintaining good quality of life (QoL) more important than improvements in cognition or other symptoms of dementia. There is a clinical need for identifying interventions that can improve QoL of PwD. There are currently no evidence-based guidelines to help clinicians, patients and policy makers to make informed decisions regarding QoL in dementia. Aims To conduct the first comprehensive systematic review of all studies that investigated efficacy of any pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention for improving QoL of PwD. Method Our review team identified eligible studies by comprehensively searching nine databases. We completed quality assessment, extracted relevant data and performed GRADE assessment of eligible studies. We conducted meta-analyses when three or more studies investigated an intervention for improving QoL of PwD. Results We screened 14 389 abstracts and included 324 eligible studies. Our meta-analysis confirmed level 1 evidence supporting the use of group cognitive stimulation therapy for improving QoL (standardised mean difference 0.25; P = 0.003) of PwD. Our narrative data synthesis revealed level 2 evidence supporting 42 non-pharmacological interventions, including those based on cognitive rehabilitation, reminiscence, occupational therapy, robots, exercise or music therapy. Current evidence supporting the use of any pharmacological intervention for improving QoL in dementia is limited. Conclusions Current evidence highlights the importance of non-pharmacological interventions and multidisciplinary care for supporting QoL of PwD. QoL should be prioritised when agreeing care plans. Further research focusing on QoL outcomes and investigating combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is urgently needed.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/systematic-review-of-the-efficacy-of-pharmacological-and-nonpharmacological-interventions-for-improving-quality-of-life-of-people-with-dementia/A766AB11F8A7141D7762F47185E4A3D
Systematic review of gene expression studies in people with Lewy Body Dementia
No full textObjectives:Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative dementia, and it causes more morbidity and mortality than Alzheimer's disease. Several genetic associations of LBD have been reported, and their functional implications remain uncertain. Hence, we aimed to do a systematic review of all gene expression studies that investigated people with LBD for improving our understanding of LBD molecular pathology and for facilitating discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LBD.Methods:We systematically reviewed five online databases (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42017080647) and assessed the functional implications of all reported differentially expressed genes (DEG) using Ingenuity Pathway Analyses.Results:We screened 3,809 articles and identified 31 eligible studies. 1,242 statistically significant (p<0.05) DEGs including 70 microRNAs have been reported in people with LBD. Expression levels of alternatively spliced transcripts of SNCA, SNCB, PRKN, APP, RELA, and ATXN2 significantly differ in LBD. Several mitochondrial genes and genes involved in ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy lysosomal pathway were significantly downregulated in LBD. Evidence supporting chronic neuroinflammation in LBD was inconsistent. Our functional analyses highlighted the importance of RNA-mediated gene silencing, neuregulin signalling, and neurotrophic factors in the molecular pathology of LBD.Conclusions:α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, defects in molecular networks clearing misfolded proteins, and RNA-mediated gene silencing contribute to neurodegeneration in LBD. Larger longitudinal transcriptomic studies investigating biological fluids of people living with LBD are needed for molecular subtyping and staging of LBD. Diagnostic biomarker potential and therapeutic promise of identified DEGs warrant further research. © 2020 Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/acta-neuropsychiatrica/article/systematic-review-of-gene-expression-studies-in-people-with-lewy-body-dementia/90D58082CBE2D3F3432F9AABFF1C280
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