13 research outputs found
‘Disciplined research in undisciplined settings’: Critical Explorations of In-Situ and Mobile Methodologies in Geographies of Health and Wellbeing
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordIn‐situ and mobile methodologies are increasingly popular within research into diverse geographies of health and wellbeing. These methodologies include data gathering techniques and modes of analysis carried out with research participants as they experience and move through settings with the potential to shape both momentary and longer‐term experiences of health and wellbeing. This methodological development is both a response to and reflection of wider methodological and theoretical thinking across human geography, especially in relation to mobilities, performative, co‐productive and active ways to access and produce knowledge. In addition, the past few decades have seen increased access to geo‐spatial technologies and tools to both locate and record experiential place‐based knowledge. Such methods are capable of producing important new knowledge concerning the emergence (or foreclosing) of health and wellbeing in and through place, yet they are often perceived as ‘risky’, drawing researchers out of their traditional researcher‐controlled environments. Based on discussions developed during and since a July 2018 in situ and mobile methods workshop, this paper discusses the benefits of negotiating the (at times) somewhat messy and unpredictable research encounters that can unfold through such methods. It incorporates examples from recent and ongoing doctoral and post‐doctoral research in health and wellbeing using out situ (in‐situ outdoors) methodological approaches in Britain and Ireland – including go‐along interviews, video ethnography, elicitation and biosensing. Three core themes are presented, concerning the value of mobile and in situ methods in: (a) supporting an ethic of care; (b) attending to more‐than‐human dynamics of health and wellbeing; and (c) integrating matter and meaning in contemporary efforts to understand how health and wellbeing unfold and accrete in and through place.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC
The Pure Rotational Spectrum of Magnesium Sulfide Produced by Laser Ablation
No full textT. G. Dietz, M.A. Duncan. D. E. Powers and R. E. Smalley, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 6511 (1951) S. Takano. S. Yamamoto and S. Saito, Chem. Phys. Lett. 159, 563 (1989)Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of British ColumbiaA new laser ablation system has been built that incorporates a Smalley-type ablation into our existing pulsed molecular beam-microwave Fourier transform (MWFT) spectrometer. The second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser is used to ablate a metal rod, which is located in the throat of a nozzle. The rod is rotated to provide a fresh surface for each laser pulse. This ablation setup has been mounted into one of the cavity mirrors, so that the molecular beam travels parallel to the direction of microwave propagation. This configuration results in linewidths of 10 kHz FWHM. To test this new system, the microwave spectrum of MgS has been measured. The transitions of 4 isotopomers, including the isotopomer which exhibits nuclear hypertine structure due to the nucleus, have been observed at 16 GHz. Improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been obtained for the main isotopomer. , by fitting the transition with data from a previous miliameter wave . From the isotopic data, the internuclear distance was calculated. The 25Mg nuclear quadrupole coupling constant has also been determined. We believe this to be the first measurement of the microwave spectrum of a metal sulfide produced by laser ablation
Reducing LGBTQ+ adolescent mental health inequalities: a realist review of school-based interventions
No full text\ua9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: LGBTQ+ young people have elevated rates of poor mental health in comparison to their cisgender heterosexual peers. School environment is a key risk factor and consistently associated with negative mental health outcomes for LGBTQ+ adolescents. Aims: To examine how, why, for whom and in what context school-based interventions prevent or reduce mental health problems in LGBTQ+ adolescents. Methods: A realist review methodology was utilised and focused on all types of school-based interventions and study designs. A Youth Advisory Group were part of the research team. Multiple search strategies were used to locate relevant evidence. Studies were subject to inclusion criteria and quality appraisal, and included studies were synthesised to produce a programme theory. Seventeen studies were included in the review. Results: Eight intervention components were necessary to address LGBTQ+ pupils mental health: affirmative visual displays; external signposting to LGBTQ+ support; stand-alone input; school-based LGBTQ support groups; curriculum-based delivery; staff training; inclusion policies; trusted adult. Few school-based interventions for this population group were identified. Conclusions: The programme theory indicates that “to work” school-based interventions must have a “whole-school” approach that addresses specifically the dominant cis-heteronormative school environment and hence the marginalisation, silence, and victimisation that LGBTQ+ pupils can experience
FOURIER TRANSFORM ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY OF STRONTIUM HYDRIDE: SrH and SrD
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of WaterlooDuring a search for double minima states of several alkaline earth hydrides, high resolution spectra of the transitions of these species were recorded. The results for SrH and SrD, in the 18500 and 19500 region, are presented in this paper. A new combined discharge and tube furnace source was used to generate the molecules. Strontium metal was heated in an alumina tube to with a slow flow of Ar ( torr) and , and a 3kV/330 mA continuous DC discharge was applied. The spectra were recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The resulting molecular constants for SrH and SrD will be presented and discussed
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere: First measurements of a lower thermospheric source
No full textNitrous oxide (NO) is an important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, as well as one of the most significant anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances in the stratosphere. The satellite-based instrument Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer has been observing the Earth's limb since 2004 and derives profiles of NO volume mixing ratios in the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere. The resulting climatology shows that NO is continuously produced in the lower thermosphere via energetic particle precipitation and enhanced NO is present at all latitudes, during all seasons. The results are consistent with an NO production source peaking near or above 94 km via low-energy particles, as well as a polar wintertime source near 70 km via medium energy particles. NO produced in the polar upper atmosphere descends each winter to as far down as ∼40 km. © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.This project was funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the CSA. The authors wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their time and valuable contributions. The ACE-FTS Level 2 N2O data used in this study can be obtained upon request from the corresponding author ([email protected]) or via the ACE-FTS website (registration required), http://www.ace.uwaterloo.ca. The MEPED data used in this study are freely available via https://ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/poes/dataaccess.html
The key role of nitric oxide in hypoxia: hypoxic vasodilation and energy supply-demand matching
No full textSignificance: a mismatch between energy supply and demand induces tissue hypoxia with the potential to cause cell death and organ failure. Whenever arterial oxygen concentration is reduced, increases in blood flow - 'hypoxic vasodilation' - occur in an attempt to restore oxygen supply. Nitric oxide is a major signalling and effector molecule mediating the body's response to hypoxia, given its unique characteristics of vasodilation (improving blood flow and oxygen supply) and modulation of energetic metabolism (reducing oxygen consumption and promoting utilization of alternative pathways). Recent advances: this review covers the role of oxygen in metabolism and responses to hypoxia, the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of nitric oxide, and mechanisms underlying the involvement of nitric oxide in hypoxic vasodilation. Recent insights into nitric oxide metabolism will be discussed, including the role for dietary intake of nitrate, endogenous nitrite reductases, and release of nitric oxide from storage pools. The processes through which nitric oxide levels are elevated during hypoxia are presented, namely (i) increased synthesis from nitric oxide synthases, increased reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide by heme- or pterin-based enzymes and increased release from nitric oxide stores, and (ii) reduced deactivation by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Critical issues: several reviews covered modulation of energetic metabolism by nitric oxide, while here we highlight the crucial role NO plays in achieving cardiocirculatory homeostasis during acute hypoxia through both vasodilation and metabolic suppression Future directions: we identify a key position for nitric oxide in the body's adaptation to an acute energy supply-demand mismatc
The SPARC water vapour assessment II: biases and drifts of water vapour satellite data records with respect to frost point hygrometer records
No full textFull list of the authors: Kiefer, Michael; Hurst, Dale F.; Stiller, Gabriele P.; Lossow, Stefan; Vömel, Holger; Anderson, John; Azam, Faiza; Bertaux, Jean-Loup; Blanot, Laurent; Bramstedt, Klaus; Burrows, John P.; Damadeo, Robert; Dinelli, Bianca Maria; Eriksson, Patrick; García-Comas, Maya; Gille, John C.; Hervig, Mark; Kasai, Yasuko; Khosrawi, Farahnaz; Murtagh, Donal; Nedoluha, Gerald E.; Noël, Stefan; Raspollini, Piera; Read, William G.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Rozanov, Alexei; Sioris, Christopher E.; Sugita, Takafumi; von Clarmann, Thomas; Walker, Kaley A.; Weigel, KatjaSatellite data records of stratospheric water vapour have been compared to balloon-borne frost point hygrometer (FP) profiles that are coincident in space and time. The satellite data records of 15 different instruments cover water vapour data available from January 2000 through December 2016. The hygrometer data are from 27 stations all over the world in the same period. For the comparison, real or constructed averaging kernels have been applied to the hygrometer profiles to adjust them to the measurement characteristics of the satellite instruments. For bias evaluation, we have compared satellite profiles averaged over the available temporal coverage to the means of coincident FP profiles for individual stations. For drift determinations, we analysed time series of relative differences between spatiotemporally coincident satellite and hygrometer profiles at individual stations. In a synopsis we have also calculated the mean biases and drifts (and their respective uncertainties) for each satellite record over all applicable hygrometer stations in three altitude ranges (10-30 hPa, 30-100 hPa, and 100 hPa to tropopause). Most of the satellite data have biases <10 % and average drifts <1 % yr-1 in at least one of the respective altitude ranges. Virtually all biases are significant in the sense that their uncertainty range in terms of twice the standard error of the mean does not include zero. Statistically significant drifts (95 % confidence) are detected for 35 % of the ≈ 1200 time series of relative differences between satellites and hygrometers. © Author(s) 2023.Dale Hurst thanks the NASA Upper Atmosphere Composition Observations programme for continued financial support. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We appreciate the HALOE Science Team and the many members of the HALOE project for producing and characterizing the high-quality HALOE data set. We would like to thank the European Space Agency for making the MIPAS level-1b data set available and providing SCIAMACHY spectral data. The Oxford MIPAS data were provided by A. Dudhia. MLS data were obtained from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences and Information Center. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Thanks to Hauke Schmidt for providing the HAMMONIA data used for the convolution of higher vertically resolved data sets. We want to express our gratitude to SPARC and WCRP (World Climate Research Programme) for their guidance, sponsorship, and support of the WAVAS-II programme
MIPAS observations of ozone in the middle atmosphere
No full textThis work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.In this paper we describe the stratospheric and mesospheric ozone (version V5r-O3-m22) distributions retrieved from MIPAS observations in the three middle atmosphere modes (MA, NLC, and UA) taken with an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.0625 cm from 2005 until April 2012. O is retrieved from microwindows in the 14.8 and 10 μm spectral regions and requires non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) modelling of the O and vibrational levels. Ozone is reliably retrieved from 20 km in the MA mode (40 km for UA and NLC) up to ∼105 km during dark conditions and up to ∼95 km during illuminated conditions. Daytime MIPAS O has an average vertical resolution of 3-4 km below 70 km, 6-8 km at 70-80 km, 8-10 km at 80-90, and 5-7 km at the secondary maximum (90-100 km). For nighttime conditions, the vertical resolution is similar below 70 km and better in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere: 4-6 km at 70-100 km, 4-5 km at the secondary maximum, and 6-8 km at 100-105 km. The noise error for daytime conditions is typically smaller than 2% below 50 km, 2-10% between 50 and 70 km, 10-20% at 70-90 km, and ∼30% above 95 km. For nighttime, the noise errors are very similar below around 70 km but significantly smaller above, being 10-20% at 75-95 km, 20-30% at 95-100 km, and larger than 30% above 100 km. The additional major O errors are the spectroscopic data uncertainties below 50 km (10-12 %) and the non-LTE and temperature errors above 70 km. The validation performed suggests that the spectroscopic errors below 50 km, mainly caused by the O air-broadened half-widths of the band, are overestimated. The non-LTE error (including the uncertainty of atomic oxygen in nighttime) is relevant only above ∼85 km with values of 15-20 %. The temperature error varies from ∼3% up to 80 km to 15-20% near 100 km. Between 50 and 70 km, the pointing and spectroscopic errors are the dominant uncertainties. The validation performed in comparisons with SABER, GOMOS, MLS, SMILES, and ACE-FTS shows that MIPAS O has an accuracy better than 5% at and below 50 km, with a positive bias of a few percent. In the 50-75 km region, MIPAS O has a positive bias of ∼10 %, which is possibly caused in part by O spectroscopic errors in the 10 μm region. Between 75 and 90 km, MIPAS nighttime O is in agreement with other instruments by 10 %, but for daytime the agreement is slightly larger, ∼10-20 %. Above 90 km, MIPAS daytime O is in agreement with other instruments by 10 %. At night, however, it shows a positive bias increasing from 10% at 90 km to 20% at 95-100 km, the latter of which is attributed to the large atomic oxygen abundance used. We also present MIPAS O distributions as function of altitude, latitude, and time, showing the major O features in the middle and upper mesosphere. In addition to the rapid diurnal variation due to photochemistry, the data also show apparent signatures of the diurnal migrating tide during both day-and nighttime, as well as the effects of the semi-Annual oscillation above ∼70 km in the tropics and mid-latitudes. The tropical. daytime O at 90 km shows a solar signature in phase with the solar cycle. © Author(s) 2018.The IAA team was supported by the Spanish MICINN under the project ESP2014-54362-P and EC FEDER funds. The IAA and IMK teams were partially supported by ESA O3-CCI and MesosphEO projects. Maya Garcia-Comas was financially supported by MINECO through its >Ramon y Cajal> subprogram. Funding for the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment comes primarily from the Canadian Space Agency. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Author Correction: Oncolytic DNX-2401 virotherapy plus pembrolizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1/2 trial.
No full textAuthor Correction: Oncolytic DNX-2401 virotherapy plus pembrolizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1/2 trial
No full textCorrection to: Oncolytic DNX-2401 virotherapy plus pembrolizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1/2 tria
