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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Efficiency of a novel laser-activated irrigation in retreatment of bioactive root canal sealer
No full textSvrha istraživanja bila je mikro CT analizom ispitati učinkovitost nove SWEEPS tehnike laserski
aktiviranog ispiranja u uklanjanju punjenja korijenskih kanala nakon revizije endodontskog
punjenja. Korijeni 76 humanih zubi nasumično su podijeljeni u četiri skupine (n = 19) ovisno o
vrsti punila (epoksi smola i gutaperka, biokeramičko punilo i biokeramičke gutaperke) i tehnici
punjenja (hladna ili termoplastična tehnika). Tehnika jedne gutaperke korištena je kao izabrana
tehnika punjenja za dvije skupine: u jednoj skupini, korijenski kanali punjeni su kombinacijom
gutaperke i AH Plus punila, dok je druga skupina punjena u kombinaciji TotalFill punilom i
TotalFill gutaperkom. U skupinama punjenim termoplastičnom tehnikom s nosačem korištena je u
jednoj skupini kombinacija AH Plus i Guttafusion gutaperki za punjenje kanala, a u drugoj skupini
MTA Filaplex i Gutafussion gutaperki. Punjenje u korijenskim kanalima je zaštićeno
postavljanjem kapsuliranog SIC ispuna te su uzorci pohranjeni na tjedan dana u fiziološku otopinu
kako bi se omogućilo stvrdnjavanje materijala. Nad svim uzorcima provedena je revizija
endodontskog punjenja Reciproc instrumentima R25. Nakon revizije, korijenski kanali dodatno su
tretirani auto SWEEPS protokolom. Razlika u volumenu zaostalog punila analizirana je pomoću
mikro CTa. Uzorci su skenirani nakon inicijalnog punjenja, nakon revizije Reciproc instrumentom
i nakon dodatnog tretmana SWEEPSom. Statistička analiza razlike u volumenu provedena je
analizom varijance (ANOVA) (p < 0,05). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako dodatni tretman
SWEEPSom značajno smanjuje volumen zaostalog punila u svim skupinama u usporedbi sa
skupinama koje su tretirane isključivo Reciproc instrumentom; iako punilo u potpunosti nije
uklonjeno ni u jednoj skupini. Iz ovog istraživanja može se zaključiti kako SWEEPS modalitet
povećava učinkovitost u uklanjanju zaostalog punila na bazi epoksi smole i biokeramičkog punila
punjenog tehnikom jedne gutaperki i termoplastičnom tehnikom s nosačem.The main reason for endodontic failure is the persistence or regrowth of microorganisms that have
a high affinity for root canal filling materials and sealers, especially guttapercha. The reasons for
these microbial issues range from inadequate control of aseptic conditions and overlooked root
canals to improper instrumentation and complications during root canal treatment occurring in the
form of perforations, broken instruments, short or overextended root canal fillings, and
microleakage of temporary or longterm restorations. Endodontic failure may require either
nonsurgical or surgical retreatment, where nonsurgical root canal retreatment is the preferred
option whenever possible. Proper retreatment can be challenging and timeconsuming; however,
removing the old root canal filling is essential as it acts as a mechanical barrier to the irrigating
solution used in the retreatment process. Depending on their chemical composition, sealers can be
classified as either zincoxide eugenol, epoxy resin, silicon, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer,
methacrylate resin, or calcium silicate types. In 2007, bioceramic sealers were introduced as a new
sealer type. The chemical reaction of bioceramic sealers utilizes the moisture in dentine tubules to
form a calcium silicate hydrate gel and portlandite, which reacts with the moisture in dentine
tubules forming calcium silicate hydrate gel and portlandite. The result is a taglike structure
providing adhesion of bioceramic materials to the root canal dentine. This interaction facilitates
successful sealing, but it may also hinder the complete removal of the root canal filling if
retreatment is needed. Different techniques have also been developed to improve the sealing of the
endodontic space. Single cone and carrierbased techniques have been developed to offer a possible
solution to cold lateral compaction where vertical fractures can occur due to forces applied during
obturation. Both techniques are usually used after root canal instrumentation with NiTi enginedriven files, and both techniques have several advantages, including simplicity and small time
expenditures, while also eliminating the requirement for accessory cones or time spent on lateral
condensation. A recently introduced obturation technique is GuttaFussion (VDW, Munich,
Germany). It consists of a plastic core coated with crosslinked thermoset guttapercha that does
not melt at the temperatures generated by the special oven.
Irrigation after mechanical debridement is a crucial step in the retreatment process and has been
improved by introducing various irrigation activation techniques. The philosophy behind this
approach is that increasing the turbulence of the irrigating solution improves the debridement of
the root canal system and thereby improves the penetration of the fluid to enhance antibacterial
action. The use of lasers has been shown to achieve a similar effect. Laseractivated irrigation (LAI)
is based on the creation of intracanal cavitation as a result of photoacoustic and photomechanical
effects. This effect is linked to the absorption of the energy emitted by erbium lasers, as it agitates
the waterbased solutions in the intracanal space. More recently, Er:YAG laser modality, SWEEPS
(Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming), was launched to improve the cleaning
and disinfecting efficacy of LAI. However, to date, little information is available regarding the
effectiveness of removing root canal filling material during retreatment using SWEEPS. The
available literature contains no research on the effectiveness of SWEEPS in removing epoxy resin–
based and bioceramic sealers in combination with single cone and corecarrier obturation
techniques. Therefore, the present study aimed to use microcomputed tomography (microCT)
analysis to evaluate the efficacy of shock wave–enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming
(SWEEPS) in the retreatment of epoxy resinbased and bioceramic sealers used in combination
with singlecone and carrierbased obturation techniques.
Methodology:
This study included 76 singlerooted extracted human teeth with single canals, and intact and
mature root apices were selected. After removing the contaminated tissue on the outer specimen
surfaces, the working length of each root canal was determined by inserting a size #15 K file. The
crowns were sectioned using a watercooled diamond drill to obtain roots with a standardized
length of 17 mm. The root canals were instrumented using a size R25 Reciproc instrument and a
VDW Gold endo motor according to the manufacturer’s instructions. During instrumentation, the
canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl solution using a 27gauge needle and a 2 mL syringe. The
smear layer was removed by rinsing the root canals with 2 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 min, followed
by a final rinse with saline solution. The canals were dried using size R25 Reciproc paper points.
All specimens were randomly divided into four experimental groups according to the root canal
obturation technique and the type of root canal sealer. For one of the singlecone groups (n = 19),
a Reciproc R25 guttapercha cone was dipped into the AH Plus sealer and then placed slowly, in
an upanddown motion, until it reached the entire working length. For the other singlecone group
(n=19), a combination of bioceramic guttapercha and bioceramic sealer was used for root canal
filling. The TotalFill BC sealer was syringed into the canal, and TotalFill guttapercha was placed
in the canal up to the working length. The coronal excess of the master cone was cut to the coronal
orifice using a flameheated hand plugger. For one corecarrier group (n = 19), the root canal walls
were coated with AH Plus sealer using a size #25 reamer in a counterclockwise motion. For the
other corecarrier group (n = 19), MTA Fillapex sealer was used to coat the root canal walls.
Guttafusion R25 was heated in a special oven during the coating of the canal with the root canal
sealer. The heated guttapercha was then slowly inserted to the working length without twisting or
forcing. The excess material in the canal orifice was then extruded by bending the corecarrier to
the right and left until separation took place, and the core material was condensed with a plugger
by the same researcher. The access cavity in all specimens was sealed with glass ionomer cement.
All specimens were stored at 37°C for one week to allow sufficient time for the sealer to set. After
one week and complete setting of the sealer, the root canal retreatments were performed on all
specimens (n = 76) using R25 Reciproc instruments in a VDW Gold endo motor according to the
manufacturer’s instructions, without the use of any solvent. The root canals were rinsed with 2 mL
of 2.5% NaOCl solution. The criteria for the completion of the retreatment procedure were smooth
canal walls and no presence of root canal filling material on the Reciproc instruments. At the end
of the retreatment procedure, root canals were rinsed with 2 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 min, followed
by a final rinse with saline solution. The canals were then dried using size R25 Reciproc paper
points. Auto SWEEPS protocol (50 μs, 15 Hz, 20 mJ, and 0.3 W) was performed for LAI using an
Er:YAG laser with a 2940 nm wavelength. The pulp chamber was reconstructed using
thermoplastic materials and served as a reservoir for the irrigation solution. The tip was submerged
in saline and hovered above the orifice in the cervical region rather than inserting the tip into the
canal. After retreatment using Reciproc instruments and additional SWEEPS treatment using
microCT, each tooth was scanned after root canal filling. Once scanning was done, the images
were reconstructed to determine the residual volume of the sealer. The results for the volumes of
root canal filling after retreatment with the Reciproc instruments and the additional use of SWEEPS
were subjected to linear transformation to remove the influence of the initial root canal filling
volume. The differences between the four experimental groups were tested using analysis of
variance.
Results and discussion:
The volume of root canal filling materials decreased significantly in all four experimental groups
after retreatment with Reciproc instruments (p<0,05), however, none of the teeth showed complete
removal of the root canal filling materials. No statistically significant difference was observed
between the groups regarding the volume of root canal filling remnants after retreatment only with
Reciproc instruments (p > 0,05). Additional treatment with SWEEPS significantly reduced the
volume of root canal materials in all experimental groups compared to retreatment with Reciproc
instruments alone (p < 0,05). However, none of the teeth, even with the SWEEPS treatment,
showed complete removal of the material from the root canal. Statistical analysis of the
effectiveness of SWEEPS according to the root canal filling technique or the root canal filling
materials revealed a statistically significant difference for the singlecone group treated with the
combination of AH Plus and guttapercha, given that a higher volume of root canal filling remnants
was observed in that group than in the other groups (p < 0,001). The findings of this study also
reveal a more effective removal of a combination of bioceramic sealer and bioceramic guttapercha
than of the combination of epoxy resinbased sealer and guttapercha after SWEEPS treatment of
root canals obturated using the singlecone technique. Comparing the effectiveness of SWEEPS in
the corecarrier groups did not show any statistically significant difference between the AH Plus
and the bioceramic sealers. A comparison of AH sealer used with corecarrier and single cone
techniques revealed a smaller residual volume in the core carrier after retreatment with SWEEPS.
The groups treated with the bioceramic sealer combined with different obturation techniques
showed no statistically significant differences in the root canal filling after SWEEPS treatment (p
> 0,05). The results of this study show that the root canal filling materials were not completely
removed from the root canal walls in any of the samples, regardless of the retreatment technique
or irrigant agitation using SWEEPS.
Conclusion:
The results of this in vitro study indicated that none of the materials were completely removed from
the root canal after an additional SWEEPS treatment. However, SWEEPS can be used to enhance
the removal of both epoxy resinbased and bioceramic sealers in combination with singlecone and
carrierbased obturation techniques. This information may be important for clinical use, given that
reducing the root canal filling remnants to a minimum may be beneficial for the success of
endodontic retreatment
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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