1,720,959 research outputs found
The leaky pipeline of hearing care: primary to secondary care evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Full text linkObjective: The proportions of older adults’ transitions through acknowledging their hearing loss to getting access to treatment are unknown. This was examined using data from a nationally representative cohort in England. Design: Patient and healthcare factors associated with referrals were examined cross-sectionally, through primary to secondary care. Non-report predictors identified using multiple logistic regression models. Study sample: 8529 adults with hearing data in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Wave 7. Results: Nearly 40% of those with acknowledged hearing loss did not tell a doctor or nurse (n = 857/2249). Women (OR 2.68, 95% CI 2.14–2.98), retirees (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.17–1.44), those with foreign education (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.47–3.04), lower education (OR 2.86, 95% CI 2.58–3.18), smokers (OR 4.39, 95% CI 3.95–4.87), and heavy drinkers (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.85) were more likely to not report hearing loss. Of those who acknowledged and reported hearing difficulties, willingness to try hearing aid(s) was high (78.9%). Conclusions: Unacknowledged, or acknowledged but not reported hearing loss by individuals, and non-referrals by primary healthcare professionals, are barriers to accessing hearing healthcare. Future research should report hearing aid use as the proportion of individuals who acknowledge their hearing loss, to avoid an overestimation of the non-use of hearing aids within study samples
The dynamics of auditory stream segregation for tone sequences with gradually and abruptly varying stimulus properties
Full text linkThe nine experiments presented within this thesis explored the dynamics of stream segregation in repeating ABA tone sequences with gradual or abrupt changes in their acoustic properties. Experiments 1-6 used a continuous monitoring method to investigate the effect of these changes on the number of streams perceived (1 or 2). Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that abrupt and gradual changes in sequence base frequency had a much stronger effect on the build-up of streaming over time than those in interaural time difference (ITD), an outcome consistent with either functional or neural accounts of the build-up of segregation. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that abrupt changes either in timbre (using pure tones and narrowly spaced tone dyads) or level could produce resetting (partial loss of build-up) but that the direction of the transition was important. Notably, an overshoot in stream segregation followed the tone-to-dyad transition, despite no significant change in the pattern of peripheral excitation. Experiments 6 and 7 demonstrated that resetting was not a result of correlated changes in A and B tone subsets. In both experiments, anti-correlated level changes tended to produce resetting (B"A#) and overshoot (B#A"), respectively. This outcome favours a neural mechanism of build-up based on subtractive adaptation. Experiments 7-9 investigated the influence of an induction sequence on the perception of a subsequent test sequence. Experiments 7 and 8 achieved capture of a tone subset in the test sequence by adjusting the difference in frequency or level between inducer tone subsets, such that only one subset matched its test-sequence counterpart. This resulted in greater stream segregation. Experiment 9 attempted capture using a harmonic complex synchronous with the lower subset. However, the fusion of the synchronous complex with the corresponding tone subset failed to disrupt capture, presumably because it did not change the rhythm of the sequence. Overall, these experiments demonstrate that abrupt changes in stimulus properties can cause resetting of build-up or overshoot, depending on the nature of the transitions, and stream capture can be achieved by manipulating the difference between tone subsets in an inducer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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