50 research outputs found
The Success of the Montreal Protocol for Climate Mitigation: Antarctica Ozone hole Recovery Perspective
No full textThe monitoring of the ozone in the Earth’s atmosphere began in the 1970s due to its absorbing nature of radiation from the Sun, which is harmful to humans and prevents it from reaching the surface of the Earth. However, considerable global attention has been drawn after the finding of the ozone hole, which is associated with a significant drop in total columnar ozone (TCO), specifically a fall in stratospheric ozone (SO) during the spring of 1984. Since then, numerous studies on the Antarctic ozone hole have been conducted following the Vienna Convention and its Montreal Protocol (the ozone treaties) to sustain the ozone layer. In response to this, the Montreal Protocol was developed under the umbrella of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to protect the thinning of the ozone layer. With 197 participating nations, it is a substantial step toward universal ratification.
Towards this, the present study utilized TCO data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Nimbus-7/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), TOMS-Earth Probe, and Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) sensors at various time periods. Due to the varied spatial resolution of the missions, daily data were resampled to 1˚×1˚ (latitude × longitude) and generated daily unified spatial resolution matrixes.
S.No.
Parameter
Sensor
Data Period
Resolution in degrees
(Latitude × Longitude)
Data Resource
1
Total Columnar Ozone (TCO)
NIMBUS-7/TOMS
1979-1993
1°×1.25°
https://earthdata.nasa.gov/
2
TOMS-EP
1996-2005
1°×1.25°
https://earthdata.nasa.gov/
3
AURA/OMI
2004-2020
0.25°×0.25°
https://earthdata.nasa.gov/
4
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) emissions
1985-2015
Global data
https://ourworldindata.or
A systems approach for monitoring anesthesia
No full textGeneral anesthesia (GA) is an important medical procedure that induces unconsciousness to patients during surgery. Consciousness is a salient feature of the brain, whose neurophysiological features are difficult to be distinguished from unconsciousness. Though it can be defined as an event arising due to interactions in the nervous system, it entirely is not a reliable mechanism. Thus, tracking changes in the brain waves caused by GA is a challenging problem in neuroscience. The exact mechanism to quantify the state of the brain and to distinguish between conscious and unconscious brain is still difficult. Specific features to characterize the state of the brain from the patterns of the brain signal is challenging. Present-day depth of anesthesia monitors index values does not quantify the state of the brain.An alternative approach is to use dynamical systems theory to assess the underlying dynamics of the brain with imaging technology (e.g., electroencephalographic and electrocorticographic data). Previous results from the literature suggest that stability can play a role in the characterization of unconsciousness. This thesis proposes a detailed study that focus on dynamical systems properties that go beyond stability. In particular, the proposed methodology aims to assess which regions of the brain intervene in the process of consciousness and unconsciousness, as well as quantify how often they interact with each other. Specifically, the approach seeks to leverage the eigenstructure of the underlying approximation of the neural activity captured from intracranial electrocorticographic data.Our results show that it is possible to differentiate between anesthetic stages of the brain using eigendecomposition. This was possible through a framework that provides a regularised way to sparsify the state estimates of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signal to get a model for analysis of changes in the brain waves affected by GA. Later to look at the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, which gives the frequency of oscillation and direction between different regions of the brain, respectively. It was also observed that the pattern in the evolution of eigenvalues during different anesthetic stages could be able to interpret if the subject was under anesthesia or not.Mechanical Engineering | Systems and Contro
Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced by Bacillus spp. from Starch Containing Medium
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Data from: Occurrence of spintronics behaviour (half-metallicity, spin gapless semiconductor and bipolar magnetic semiconductor) depending on the location of oxygen vacancies in BiFe 0.83 Ni 0.17 O 3
No full textThe current communication signifies the effect of oxygen vacancies (OVs) both qualitatively and quantitatively in multiferroic BiFe0.83Ni0.17O3 by an in-depth atomic-level investigation of its electronic structure and magnetization properties, and these materials have a variety of applications in spintronics, optoelectronics, sensors and solar energy devices. Depending on the precise location of OVs, all the three types of spintronic material namely half-metallic, spin gapless semiconductor and bipolar magnetic conductor have been established in a single material for the first time and both super-exchange and double-exchange interactions are possible in accordance with the precise location of OVs. We have also calculated the vacancy formation energies to predict their thermodynamic stabilities. These results can highlight the impact and importance of OVs that can alter the multiferroic properties of materials
input file coordinates of the perfect hexagonal cell BiFe0.83Ni0.17O3
No full textThe input file coordinates of hexagonal cell of BiFe0.83Ni0.17O3 are given in the data file. Oxygen atoms were removed from this structure to create oxygen vacancies
The structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of the new promising spintronic material Bi0.92Tb0.08FeO3: A first-principles approach
No full textFig.2 Total density of states-Raw data
No full textTotal density of states data is given in the attached file. These were plotting Fig.2
Occurrence of spintronics behaviour (half-metallicity, spin gapless semiconductor and bipolar magnetic semiconductor) depending on the location of oxygen vacancies in BiFe <sub>0.83</sub> Ni <sub>0.17</sub> O <sub>3</sub>
No full text
The current communication signifies the effect of oxygen vacancies (OVs) both qualitatively and quantitatively in multiferroic BiFe
0.83
Ni
0.17
O
3
by an in-depth atomic-level investigation of its electronic structure and magnetization properties, and these materials have a variety of applications in spintronics, optoelectronics, sensors and solar energy devices. Depending on the precise location of OVs, all the three types of spintronic material namely half-metallic, spin gapless semiconductor and bipolar magnetic conductor have been established in a single material for the first time and both super-exchange and double-exchange interactions are possible in accordance with the precise location of OVs. We have also calculated the vacancy formation energies to predict their thermodynamic stabilities. These results can highlight the impact and importance of OVs that can alter the multiferroic properties of materials.
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Contribution of caregivers towards healthy coping patterns in children
No full textThis paper is a small representation of various types of case studies handled by the counselor in her professional life over the years. The objective of the paper is to elaborate the crucial role played by both parents and the school in enabling developing of a healthy personality in children. The review of literature done further goes ahead in supporting the author's point. She also attempts to emphasise the importance in providing assistance through hand holding by the different adults in the child's life namely the teachers and the parents seeking the help of mental health professional at appropriate junctures. The author also goes further to provide recommendations to enable such a situation for all children. The case studies are varied in nature explaining behavior problems, fears due to negative experiences and special needs and how the same was handled by professionals
Control of human VDAC-2 scaffold dynamics by interfacial tryptophans is position specific
No full textAbstractMembrane proteins employ specific distribution patterns of amino acids in their tertiary structure for adaptation to their unique bilayer environment. The solvent-bilayer interface, in particular, displays the characteristic ‘aromatic belt’ that defines the transmembrane region of the protein, and satisfies the amphipathic interfacial environment. Tryptophan—the key residue of this aromatic belt—is known to influence the folding efficiency and stability of a large number of well-studied α-helical and β-barrel membrane proteins. Here, we have used functional and biophysical techniques coupled with simulations, to decipher the contribution of strategically placed four intrinsic tryptophans of the human outer mitochondrial membrane protein, voltage-dependent anion channel isoform-2 (VDAC-2). We show that tryptophans help in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of folded hVDAC-2 barrel in micellar environments. The voltage gating characteristics of hVDAC-2 are affected upon mutation of tryptophans at positions 75, 86 and 221. We observe that Trp-160 and Trp-221 play a crucial role in the folding pathway of the barrel, and once folded, Trp-221 helps stabilize the folded protein in concert with Trp-75 and Trp-160. We further demonstrate that substituting Trp-86 with phenylalanine leads to the formation of stable barrel. We find that the region comprising strand β4 (Trp-86) and β10-14 (Trp-160 and Trp-221) display slower and faster folding kinetics, respectively, providing insight into a possible directional folding of hVDAC-2 from the C-terminus to N-terminus. Our results show that residue selection in a protein during evolution is a balancing compromise between optimum stability, function, and regulating protein turnover inside the cell
