96 research outputs found
Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration
No full textDistraction Osteogenesis In The Management Of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis; Series of cases.
Get PDF Patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis commonly present with mandibular hypoplasia as a result of trauma to the temporomandibular joint, middle ear infection or due to various syndromes. There is a wide acceptance of the conventional osteotomies for treating temporomandibular joint ankylosis, but there are certain limitations pertaining to them. In order to overcome these limitations several new approaches with modifications have been introduced. One among these is the method of gradual bone elongation known as distraction osteogenesis. This process induces new bone formation along the vector of distraction force without requiring the use of a bone graft. This study was conducted on four patients (2 females and 3 males within the age group of 16-30 years) in which 3 patients had bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis and one patient with unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis.. These patients underwent surgical correction of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and mandibular hypoplasia using distraction osteogenesis with extra-oral distraction device under general anesthesia.In this study we have used extraoral device to achieve distraction more than 20 mm and to overcome the limitations of intra oral devices. This study concluded that distraction osteogenesis is the treatment of choice for the temporomandibular joint reconstruction and anterior linear advancement of the hypoplastic mandible in whom the mandibular advancement is highly difficult to be achieved by the conventional osteotomy procedures. The relapse rate over a period of 5 year is very minimal
A Smart Colorimetric Platform for Detection of Methanol, Ethanol and Formic Acid
Get PDFCarbon dioxide (CO2 ) is a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and scientists are working on converting it to useful products, thereby reducing its quantity in the atmosphere. For converting CO2, different approaches are used, and among them, electrochemistry is found to be the most common and more efficient technique. Current methods for detecting the products of electrochemical CO2 conversion are time-consuming and complex. To combat this, a simple, cost-effective colorimetric method has been developed to detect methanol, ethanol, and formic acid, which are formed electrochemically from CO2 . In the present work, the highly efficient sensitive dyes were successfully established to detect these three compounds under optimized conditions. These dyes demonstrated excellent selectivity and showed no cross-reaction with other products generated in the CO2 conversion system. In the analysis using these three compounds, this strategy shows good specificity and limit of detection (LOD, ~0.03-0.06 ppm). A cost-effective and sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) colorimetric sensor prototype was developed to implement these dyes systems for practical and real-time application. Employing the dyes as sensing elements, the prototype exhibits unique red, green, and blue (RGB) values upon exposure to test solutions with a short response time of 2 s. Detection of these compounds via this new approach has been proven effective by comparing them with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This novel approach can replace heavy-duty instruments such as high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (G.C.), and NMR due to its extraordinary selectivity and rapidity.Funding: This research was funded by Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundation) grant number NPRP11S-1221-170116 and the APC was funded by Qatar National Research Fund.Scopu
How well do India's social service programs serve the poor?
Get PDFReaching India's poor calls for greatly improved social service delivery systems, better targeting of the poor, more coordination between agencies, policies aimed at income generation, and more involvement of the poor and of nongovernmental organizations. The authors of this paper found that India's social services were used relatively little by the poor. The health and education of the poor has improved but not as much for the population as a whole. The reasons that all social service programs did so little to alleviate poverty are similar. Physical access to education and health services has improved but inequalities exist because of biases in locating facilities. The access of the poor to housing, social security, and social welfare services has been limited because these services were inadequate relative to needs and because services leak to the nonpoor. Social service policies are not comprehensive enough and the quality of services is low. Issues common to the social sector delivery systems are weak management, ineffective targeting, and inflexible service delivery systems that result in a mismatch between perceived needs and services delivered. The bureaucracy is inadequate to reach the poor. Existing capacity and resources are inadequate, particularly for education and health.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Safety Nets and Transfers,Rural Poverty Reduction
Quantification of pre-mRNA escape rate and synergy in splicing
Get PDFSplicing reactions generally combine high speed with accuracy. However, some of the pre-mRNAs escape the nucleus with a retained intron. Intron retention can control gene expression and increase proteome diversity. We calculated the escape rate for the yeast PTC7 intron and pre-mRNA. This prediction was facilitated by the observation that splicing is a linear process and by deriving simple algebraic expressions from a model of co- and post-transcriptional splicing and RNA surveillance that determines the rate of the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of the pre-mRNAs with the retained intron. The escape rate was consistent with the observed threshold of splicing rate below which the mature mRNA level declined. When an mRNA contains multiple introns, the outcome of splicing becomes more difficult to predict since not only the escape rate of the pre-mRNA has to be considered, but also the possibility that the splicing of each intron is influenced by the others. We showed that the two adjacent introns in the SUS1 mRNA are spliced cooperatively, but this does not counteract the escape of the partially spliced mRNA. These findings will help to infer promoter activity and to predict the behavior of and to control splicing regulatory networks
The role of the international patent system in the transfer of technology to West Africa : case studies : Ghana and Nigeria
Get PDFThe principal aim of this thesis is to undertake a critical
examination of the role of the international patent system in the
transfer of technology to West Africa, particularly Ghana and Nigeria.
It focuses mainly on the patent systans and technology regulatory
regimes of the two countries. The study is intended to identify and
evaluate the impact of the international patent system on the transfer
and development of technology in this area.
The first chapter provides a theoretical foundation to some of
the more practical issues to be discussed in the subsequent chapters.
The Paris Convention and the diplomatic revision exercise thereof, as
well as other efforts and policies regarding patents and technology
transfer at various levels are discussed in Chapter Two. Chapters
Three to Eight consider the two case-studies undertaken in this
thesis. Chapter Three begins with the historical development of the
patent system in both Ghana and Nigeria, and the remaining chapters
continue with a discussion of the present patent and technology
regulatory regimes of both countries. Based on facts and figures the
two case-studies examine critically the patent law and systems and
technology transfer laws of these two countries including other
related institutional measures highlighting their strengths and
weaknesses.
The study argues that if the patent systems of both countries
are to play a meaningful role in the transfer and developnent of
technology they nust be utilized as a tool of economic policy and also
be related to the technology transfer regimes which nust necessarily
be integrated into the national technology policy which should, in
turn, be made an integral part of the entire national developnent
plan. It is concluded that it is only in this way that the patent
system can effectively contribute to the transfer of technology and
the development of indigenous technological capabilities in the two countries
Mixed dimension silver nanowires for solution processed, flexible, transparent and conducting electrodes with improved optical and physical properties
Get PDFThis is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Flexible and Printed Electronics. The publisher is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/aa6011.In this work, we present an alternative method for the spray coating of silver nanowires contact electrodes by employing a mixture of short and long nanowires. Mixed silver nanowires are found to give improve optical properties with 2-5% higher transparency for the same sheet resistance of 25 Ωsq-1, when compared to silver nanowires prepared with a single geometry nanowire. The figure of merit (FoM) for the 25 Ωsq-1 sheet resistance electrode was found to be highest for the mixed composition AgNWs-M1 based electrodes. Furthermore, the average root mean square surface roughness (Rq) parameter by WLI measurement are found to be lower for the mixed composition silver nanowires electrodes (Rq= 3-4 nm) when compare to the individual parent fixed dimension type silver nanowire electrodes (Rq = 6-8 nm)
Interaction ammonium-nitrate: Response to oxidative stress in chicory plants
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to study, as a function of the different availability of nitrogen in the reduced form, mineral and organic, the induction of the synthesis of some ROS-scavenging molecules and the evolution of some enzymatic activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO). 
Chicory seedlings were grown in nutritive solution for 35 days in controlled conditions. On the 14th day, one third of the plants was transferred into a nutritive solution containing (NH4)2SO4 60 mM, one third was transferred into a medium containing Urea 60 mM, and the remaining was let grow into the nutrition solution, as a control. Three samplings of leaves were performed, respectively after 21, 28 and 35 days of growth.
The urea and ammonium sulphate-treated samples showed higher ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents than the control, together with a lower anthocyanins content. APX showed the highest activity in the urea-treated samples, while the highest PPO activity was to refer to samples treated with ammonium sulphate.
The variations of the organic components showed the incidence of the nitrogen supply in the reduced form on the cell redox potential, confirming the importance of fertilization for obtaining high amounts of antioxidant molecules.

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