1,721,229 research outputs found
Present Trends in Specific Migration of Plastic Additives into Food
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Technological advances in Refining and Processing of stainless Steel - A brief overview
Get PDFThe world production of stainless steels (SS) has witnessed considerable growth over
the last 15 years with a continuing rise in the demand. The production level has soared from
12 million tons per annum to more than 25 million tons per annum at present. Although stainless steel
is more expensive than conventional steels such as mild, HSLA and high carbon grades, its cost is
far outweighed by its benefits. Perceived continued growth in the demand, and favourable investment
returns have encouraged the modifications, innovations and expansion of existing facilities. This
chapter addresses some aspects of recent advances in the area of refining,, process innovations and
developments in stainless steel production. These include a brief account of phase equilibria for
stainless steel, specialized refining technologies such as argon oxygen decarburization (AOD), vacuum
oxygen decarburization (VOD), AOD-VCR and electroslag refining (ESR). Some typical issues of
quantitative modelling and simulation methodologies applied to stainless steel refining processes as
an innovative tool for enhancement of process understanding and control have also been discussed
Materials and Failures in MEMS and NEMS
No full textThe fabrication of MEMS has been predominately achieved by etching the polysilicon material. However, new materials are in large demands that could overcome the hurdles in fabrication or manufacturing process. Although, an enormous amount of work being accomplished in the area, most of the information is treated as confidential or privileged. It is extremely hard to find the meaningful information for the new or related developments. This book is collection of chapters written by experts in MEMS and NEMS technology. Chapters are contributed on the development of new MEMS and NEMS materials as well as on the properties of these devices. Important properties such as residual stresses and buckling behavior in the devices are discussed as separate chapters. Various models have been included in the chapters that studies the mode and mechanism of failure of the MEMS and NEMS.
This book is meant for the graduate students, research scholars and engineers who are involved in the research and developments of advanced MEMS and NEMS for a wide variety of applications. Critical information has been included for the readers that will help them in gaining precise control over dimensional stability, quality, reliability, productivity and maintenance in MEMS and NEMS. No such book is available in the market that addresses the developments and failures in these advanced devices
Reactions and Mechanisms in Thermal Analysis of Advanced Materials
No full textStrong bonds form stronger materials. For this reason, the investigation on thermal degradation of materials is a significantly important area in research and development activities. The analysis of thermal stability can be used to assess the behavior of materials in the aggressive environmental conditions, which in turn provides valuable information about the service life span of the materiel.
Unlike other books published so far that have focused on either the fundamentals of thermal analysis or the degradation pattern of the materials, this book is specifically on the mechanism of degradation of materials.
The mechanism of rapturing of chemical bonds as a result of exposure to high-temperature environment is difficult to study and resulting mechanistic pathway hard to establish. Limited information is available on this subject in the published literatures and difficult to excavate.
Chapters in this book are contributed by the experts working on thermal degradation and analysis of the wide variety of advanced and traditional materials. Each chapter discusses the material, its possible application, behavior of chemical entities when exposed to high-temperature environment and mode and the mechanistic route of its decomposition. Such information is crucial while selecting the chemical ingredients during the synthesis or development of new materials technology
The Mind of an Engineer
No full textThe Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) promotes the endeavour of the practitioners of engineering and technology and related sciences to solve the problems of national importance. The book is an initiative of the INAE and a reflection of the experiences of some of the Fellows of the INAE in the fields of science, technology and engineering. The book is about the reminiscences, eureka moments, inspirations, challenges and opportunities in the journey the professionals took toward self-realisation and the goals they achieved. The book contains 58 articles on diverse topics that truly reflects the way the meaningful mind of an engineer works
Internal corrosion of pipelines
No full textINTERNAL CORROSION OF PIPELINES dwells upon various factors responsible for internal corrosion of pipelines, which include corroding gases like O2, CO2, H2S; different types of bacteria; environmental factors such as temperature and pressure; aqueous chemistry including salinity, buffer ion concentration, ionic composition and pH; flow regimes in case of multiphase flow etc. Mechanisms, causes and effects have been explained in user-friendly language with apt case studies and examples. Internal corrosion of pipes in seawater environment is a very specific issue relevant to coastal, offshore and shipping industry. The options of corrosion resistant materials and corrosion control have been elaborated which can vary depending upon requirement of industry, temperature and flow conditions. Two types of pipeline systems are common to most chemical process industries, viz. cooling water and firewater. They are essential for efficient and safe operation of a chemical process plant. The environmental and flow conditions are different for these lines and unique corrosion control measures, including specific materials of construction, for these two categories of lines have been dealt in this book in separate chapters. A discussion on composite materials has also been included, which are fast emerging as corrosion resistant materials for several environments of pipelines. Corrosion control and monitoring go hand-in-hand and therefore, the aspect of corrosion monitoring and inspection has also been duly covered in this book. Finally, there is a chapter on holistic approach to handle corrosion through corrosion management tools. The chapters have been written by experts in the respective fields. Certainly, this book will be a treasure for all those involved with pipelines in variety of environments of various industries
Sensor Science and Technology
No full textSensor or a combination of sensors measures relevant parameters of significance and importance with specified reliability and accuracy. Selectivity, sensitivity, response time, ability to work in a given environment, cost and ease of measurement etc. are a few key aspects to define merit of a sensor for a given application. It is also important to establish sensor data management, modeling as well as sensor networking to realize the purpose of measurements; be it for security, research, industry or medical diagnosis. SENSOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY is an authoritative comprehensive treatise on historical perspectives, challenges of measurements and future directions. The book deals with principles and application of various sensors for dimensions, compositions, structures, defects flow, vibration, position, etc. The book draws on interesting case studies to explain applications. A few approaches such as pulsed sensors, nanotechnology, based sensors, wireless networking of sensors, etc. are highlighted in the book. The book is aimed at engineers, scientists, technologists and students desirous to be aware of capabilities of sensors and engaged with measurements to enable the reader to design sensors and find a framework of approaches to make a right choice of sensor or a combination, for specific applications
International Evidence on Persistence in Output in the Presence of an Episodic Change.
No full textThis paper uses some newly developed methods and techniques to examine the dynamic properties of international output in the presence of a structural break. The author provides statistical evidence to show that the unit root test results can, in some cases, be sensitive to whether a one-time structural break in the data is modeled exogenously or endogenously. However, in most cases the unit root test results remain robust to specification of the structural break exogenously or endogenously; moreover, he finds that the null hypothesis of a unit root in output can be rejected in favor of a "flexible" trend alternative for a number of countries such as Canada, Denmark, France, and the United States. Copyright 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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