1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Représentation des nuages de phase mixte polaires dans les modèles de climat
No full textFrom the Arctic Ocean to the Antarctic continent, passing through the Southern Ocean, clouds are omnipresent at high latitudes. They are very often mixed-phase, i.e. composed of both supercooled liquid water droplets and ice crystals. The partitioning between ice and liquid determines their radiative properties, thereby modulating their radiative effect at both the surface and the top of the atmosphere. It thus influences not only regional polar climates but also global climate. Despite their importance, global climate models (GCMs) still struggle to represent this phase partitioning correctly, as highlighted by successive generations of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) exercises. This poor representation leads to major radiative biases and contributes to large uncertainties in climate change projections. The difficulty in correctly representing cloud phases lies in the intrinsic physical complexity of mixed-phase clouds, where the amounts of liquid and ice results from complex interactions between aerosols, cloud microphysics, radiation, turbulence and large-scale dynamics. On top of this are the spatial scales of these processes, much smaller than the horizontal and vertical resolution of climate models. The main objective of this PhD has been to evaluate and revise the representation of mixed-phase cloud in the LMDZ (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-Zoom) model, the atmospheric component of the IPSL-CM climate model. First, an evaluation framework based on airborne observations was developed to diagnose precisely the biases of LMDZ's representation of cloud phase and vertical structure of mixed-phase clouds, which enabled the identification of possible parameterization deficiencies. This analysis revealed a general overestimation of cloud condensates, a poor vertical phase distribution, and an inaccurate representation of ice precipitation. These findings, among others, motivated the development of a new parameterization of phase partitioning. Based on the theory of the evolution of supersaturation in a turbulent environment, it draws on prior theoretical and modelling work. The scheme completely abandons the temperature-based approach and instead directly predicts the amount of supercooled liquid water as a function of turbulent kinetic energy, resolved vertical velocity, and ice crystal properties. The evaluation of this new scheme shows a clear improvement in the spatial variability of cloud phase, with the model now able to simulate thin layers and patches of supercooled liquid water, although an overall overestimation of the cloud contents remains. However, the shift to a more physically based phase partitioning alone was not sufficient to resolve cloud phase representation biases in LMDZ. This underscored the limitations of the model's current precipitation parameterization, minimalist and inadequate and motivated the development of a revised scheme. The new parameterization incorporates additional microphysical processes critical to MPCs, as well as advanced snowfall microphysics and subgrid considerations, to better capture interactions between cloud hydrometeors and precipitation. For both new parameterizations, perturbed parameter experiments were conducted to disentangle parametric sensitivity from structural model biases. Overall, this PhD work paves the way for more reliable studies of present and future polar climates using LMDZ.De l'océan Arctique au continent Antarctique en passant par l'océan Austral, les nuages sont omniprésents aux hautes latitudes. Ils y sont très souvent de phase mixte, c'est-à-dire composés simultanément de gouttelettes d'eau liquide surfondue et de cristaux de glace. La répartition entre la glace et le liquide détermine leurs propriétés radiatives, modulant ainsi leurs effets radiatifs à la surface comme au sommet de l'atmosphère, influençant ainsi les climats régionaux polaires, mais également le climat global. Malgré leur importance, les modèles climatiques globaux (GCMs) peinent encore à représenter correctement cette répartition de phase, comme l'ont souligné les différentes générations des exercices du "Coupled Model Intercomparison Project" (CMIP). Cette mauvaise représentation engendre des biais radiatifs majeurs et contribue à de fortes incertitudes dans les projections de changement climatique. La difficulté à représenter correctement la phase des nuages réside dans la complexité physique intrinsèque de ces nuages, où la quantité de liquide et de glace résulte d'interactions complexes entre aérosols, microphysique, rayonnement, turbulence et dynamique grande échelle. À cela s'ajoutent les échelles spatiales de ces processus, bien inférieures aux résolutions horizontales et verticales des modèles climatiques. L'objectif principal de cette thèse a été d'évaluer et de réviser la représentation des nuages de phase mixte dans le modèle LMDZ (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-Zoom), composante atmosphérique du modèle de climat IPSL-CM. Tout d'abord, un cadre d'évaluation basé sur des observations aéroportées a été développé, afin de diagnostiquer précisément les biais de LMDZ dans la représentation de la phase et de la structure verticale de nuages de phase mixte, permettant d'identifier de possibles lacunes dans les paramétrisations. Cette analyse a révélé une surestimation globale des condensats nuageux, une mauvaise distribution verticale de la phase ainsi qu'une mauvaise représentation des précipitations solides. Ces résultats ont motivé le développement d'une nouvelle paramétrisation du partitionnement de phase. Fondée sur la théorie de l'évolution de la sursaturation en milieu turbulent, elle s'inspire de travaux antérieurs théoriques et de modélisation. Ce schéma abandonne l'approche fondée sur la température pour prédire directement la quantité d'eau liquide surfondue à partir de l'énergie cinétique turbulente, de la vitesse verticale résolue et des propriétés des cristaux de glace. Son évaluation montre une nette amélioration de la variabilité spatiale de la phase des nuages avec désormais la capacité du modèle à simuler de fines couches et des patchs d'eau liquide surfondue, bien qu'une surestimation des contenus nuageux demeure. Cependant, un partitionnement de phase plus physique n'a pas suffi à corriger les biais de phase des nuages dans LMDZ, révélant les limites du schéma de précipitation et motivant sa révision. Cette nouvelle paramétrisation intègre de nouveaux processus et considérations microphysiques pour les précipitations solides et un traitement sous-maille, afin de mieux représenter les interactions nuages-précipitations. Pour ces deux nouvelles paramétrisations, des expériences de sensibilité aux paramètres perturbés ont été menées afin de distinguer les effets de sensibilité paramétrique des biais structurels. Ce travail de thèse ouvre la voie à des études plus fiables des climats polaires présents et futurs avec LMDZ
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
