1,520 research outputs found
Hydrological Changes in the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the Himalaya
No full textThe chapter enumerates the importance of glaciers on global climate, livelihood, economics, and their hydrological implications. Climate warming has raised an alarming signal on water reserves, especially on Earth's cryosphere that acts as hydrological insurance for glacier-fed rivers and a key driver for the ocean ecosystem through their freshwater supply and salinity regulation. Key issues have been discussed to understand the cryosphere system and its effect on the hydrological systems
Data for: Numerical simulation of charge transport layer free perovskite solar cell using metal work function shifted contacts
No full textSCAPS-1D simulator def file and batch files are attached here
Route alignment planning for a new highway between two cities using Geoinformatics techniques
No full textAn attempt has been made to delineate and identify the alignment of a new route between two important cities of north India, Haridwar & Roorkee using Geoinformatics techniques. Geo-engineering parameters like slope, aspect, geology, land use, drainage and soil along with some techno-economical parameters have been used for this purpose. Multi-criteria weight method has been applied. Five weighting methods (AHP - Analytical Hierarchy Process, Rank Sum, Rank Reciprocal, Rank Exponent and Ratio Estimation) were applied simultaneously to eliminate biasness in weight assignment to the input parameters. The results show that AHP method is the best and ratio estimation method is the second best method for identification of optimum route alignment. Few more parameters were used for final selection of optimum route viz., minimum construction cost; minimum number of bridges and culverts on that route; maximum number of settlement within 5 km buffers on both sides of route; maximum number of tourist locations like temples, waterfalls, springs etc. within 5 km buffer zone on both side of route. The proposed route between Roorkee and Haridwar towns is only 29.22 km long (includes a 17.10 km long part of the existing road), the new road required is 12.12 km, while the existing longer route between Roorkee and Haridwar is 33 km (instead of 29.22 km). By using multi-criteria weighted methods of route alignment, a length of approximately 3.78 km can be avoided. It was also observed that slope, land use and drainage parameters are more sensitive for route alignment
Monotone Arithmetic Complexity of Graph Homomorphism Polynomials
No full textWe study homomorphism polynomials, which are polynomials that enumerate all homomorphisms from a pattern graph H to n-vertex graphs. These polynomials have received a lot of attention recently for their crucial role in several new algorithms for counting and detecting graph patterns, and also for obtaining natural polynomial families which are complete for algebraic complexity classes VBP, VP, and VNP. We discover that, in the monotone setting, the formula complexity, the ABP complexity, and the circuit complexity of such polynomial families are exactly characterized by the treedepth, the pathwidth, and the treewidth of the pattern graph respectively.
Furthermore, we establish a single, unified framework, using our characterization, to collect several known results that were obtained independently via different methods. For instance, we attain superpolynomial separations between circuits, ABPs, and formulas in the monotone setting, where the polynomial families separating the classes all correspond to well-studied combinatorial problems. Moreover, our proofs rediscover fine-grained separations between these models for constant-degree polynomials
Directive speech acts in the New Testament
No full textDanuta Pytel-Pandey, WrocławThis article discusses the directive speech acts in the New Testament. The
author presents examples of such acts from the New Testament Scriptures, and
then carries out their pragmalinguistic [email protected]
Multilevel Nanophotonic Resistive Switching in Ag-ITO-SiO2 on Silicon with Enhanced Optical Storage Density
No full textMultilevel resistive devices have gained a lot of research attention in the past decade due to their attractive potential applications in high-density non-volatile memory, and unconventional computing. We propose an engineered multilevel nanophotonic resistive switching device with CMOS compatible Ag-ITO-SiO 2 structure on silicon for enhanced storage density and in-memory computing with optical readout functionality. The four-layered structure includes a SiO2/ITO region strategically positioned between an efficient Ag (top) electrode and an underlying p-Si bottom electrode. The engineered nanophotonic device confined hybrid plasmonic mode, mainly in the SiO2 region and with an applied voltage conductive filaments form/deform along ITO and SiO2 layers influencing optical absorption detectable through interaction between the guided hybrid plasmonic mode and conductive filaments. The proposed device achieves stable multiple optical states by controlling compliance current, storing two bits without compromising accuracy to enable parallel computing, and efficient area savings with enhanced storing density for in-memory computing applications on a photonic platform. Additionally, the experimental results demonstrate a significant extinction ratio of 32 dB for the 10 μm × 500 nm device with a low voltage operation. The engineered nanophotonic structure exhibits high retention, high endurance, low operating power, and high speed, making it suitable for various applications, including optical modulation, neuromorphic computation, biochemical sensing, photogating and high-density advanced memory devices
Similarities between 2D and 3D convection for large Prandtl number
No full textUsing direct numerical simulations of Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC), we perform a comparative study of the spectra and fluxes of energy and entropy for large and infinite Prandtl numbers in two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions. We observe close similarities between the 2D and 3D RBC, in particular the kinetic energy spectrum , and the entropy spectrum exhibits a dual branch with a dominant spectrum. We showed that the dominant Fourier modes in the 2D and 3D flows are very close
Evaluation and analysis of impact of subsidies on small scale renewable energy technologies dissemination: a case study of Nepal
No full textThe report has analysed the status of rural electrification using renewable energy technologies (RETs) and the current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in Nepal. As the Government of Nepal is subsidizing small scale renewable energy projects, it is important to evaluate and analyse the programme to make sure that a programme is running in an effective and efficient way while reaching the target group.
During the course of the research, primary information collected from the field has been compiled using appropriate tools/software (such as MS Office) and analyzed. Different sets of questionnaires were prepared, targeting different personnel ranging from the users’ level to the government policy level. The field survey methods include field observations of RETs installations and operations along with interviews with selected users on a random sampling basis to identify barriers to subsidy delivery and possible measures to overcome these barriers; to determine user satisfaction level and time period for subsidy delivery mechanisms.
The report started with the country background information and the rationale behind the study. This is followed by the literature review and information on the current status of small scale RETs in the country. Next it deals with the organizational structure and current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in the country. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the subsidy with the current subsidy delivery modality has been analyzed based on six parameters; Targets and Achievements, Impact of RETs, Subsidy Delivery System Efficiency, Transparency, Sustainability and Effectiveness.
The research shows that the subsidized government program has been successful in achieving its goal to provide basic energy services in rural areas through RETs in terms of its quantitative target. Although the subsidized program is successful in electrifying the rural communities via RETs, the poorest of the poor families are still excluded from the subsidy. The program seems to benefit more the rich and upper middle class families rather than the poor families for which the subsidy was intended. The high capital cost and long subsidy delivery process are the main important reasons for this failure. The author has proposed a new modality which might overcome the time barriers and bureaucratic process in the subsidy delivery mechanism and will decrease the lead time. This will in turn help to reduce the operational cost of the private companies and will encourage more players to enter the market, increase competition and result in lower system costs.
After identifying gaps in the current subsidy delivery modality, the project report ends with the recommendation of a new modality improving the current modality and filling the gaps identified. As this study has some limitations, as described in chapter one, the scope of further works has been listed at the end
- …
