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Measuring Everything, Everywhere, All At Once: Developing Low-Cost Sensors, Tools and Algorithms for Measuring Pollution
No full textAir pollution is a major threat to human and environmental health around the world, ranking as the second leading contributor to the global disease burden. Traditional monitoring of air pollution has relied heavily on reference grade monitors costing more than USD250-25000 range. However, data from these low-cost sensors often needs to be corrected, and the development of this correction has traditionally relied on a colocation with a local reference-grade monitor, which then returns the user to the high cost problem. In this dissertation, I seek to fill a number of gaps in the existing literature and study of environmental pollution, by
-exploring the different technologies being used to study air pollution,
-proposing calibration methods for bettering these technologies,
-explaining what these measurements show us about the changing nature of cities and the broader state of the planet,
-exploring the applications of low-cost sensors for soil pollution monitoring, and
-suggesting scientific and policy instruments towards fostering a livable future
In Chapter 2, I collaborate with researchers across Ghana to present the first intercomparison of low-cost sensors in Africa finding that the network daily average PM2.5 concentration in Accra was 23.4 μg/m3, which was 1.6 times the 2021 World Health Organization Daily PM2.5 guideline of 15 μg/m.
In Chapter 3, by collaborating with scientists in Togo to deploy a network of five low-cost PurpleAir PM2.5 monitors over 2 years (2019–2021), I present the first multiyear ambient air pollution monitoring data results from Lomé, Togo, showing that the strong regional influence of the dry and dusty Harmattan wind increases the local average PM2.5 concentration by up to 58% during December through February.
In Chapter 4, I work with a large coalition of scientists, activists and policymakers to compare measurements from a citizen-led participatory low-cost, high-density air pollution sensor network in Belmont County, Ohio to regulatory-grade monitors; this network analysis combined with complementary models of emission plumes reveal the inadequacy of the sparse regulatory air pollution monitoring network in the area, and open many avenues for public health officials to further verify people's experiences and act in the interest of residents' health with enforcement and informed permitting practices.
In Chapter 5, I develop a universal correction model for optical low-cost PM2.5 sensors by creating a training dataset using 101 colocations from different regions, atmospheric conditions, and sensor types around the world using the Gaussian Mixture Regression machine learning model.
In Chapter 6, I pivot from low-cost air pollution monitoring to low-cost soil pollution testing, showing results from the MINESCAPES Summer School in June 2024 in the Harz mountains in Germany, seeking to highlight the pedagogical benefits of combining history, physical sciences and biological sciences in a field study of mining landscapes, as well as the capacities of a low-cost soil lead testing kit for training and interdisciplinary exchange.
In Chapter 7, I list a number of the collaborative projects, such as policy papers I led or scientific papers that I co-authored during my PhD, discussing how they fit into the broader effort to democratize air pollution monitoring and enhance the quality of data from various technologies in different regions. In Chapter 8, I discuss the outlook of the field of air pollution monitoring, and suggest areas of future research and development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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