190,640 research outputs found
Percent improvement in Raghavan efficiency via AdDReSS over SSAGE.
No full textPercent improvement in Raghavan efficiency via AdDReSS over SSAGE.</p
Electrospun polymer nanofibers: the booming cutting edge technology
No full textElectrospinning has been recognized as a simple and efficient technique for the fabrication of ultrathin fibers from a variety of materials including polymers, composite and ceramics. Significant progress has been made throughout the past years in electrospinning and the resulting fibrous structures have been exploited in a wide range of potential applications. This article reviews the state-of-art of electrospinning to prepare fibrous electrode materials and polymer electrolytes based on electrospun membranes in the view of their physical and electrochemical properties for the application in lithium batteries. The review covers the electrospinning process, the governing parameters and their influence on fiber or membrane morphology. After a brief discussion of some potential applications associated with the remarkable features of electrospun membranes, we highlight the exploitation of this cutting edge technology in lithium batteries. Finally the article is concluded with some personal perspectives on the future directions in the fascinating field of energy storag
Farewell address to N. Raghavan (Consul General for India in Indonesia), [between 1947 – 1950]
No full textDocument titled Farewell address to Mr. N. Raghavan, Consul General for India in Indonesia, from the Indian Community of Batavia.
Raghavan left only one year after India opens a Consulate in Indonesia. Mani as Consul in Jogjakarta would have served as deputy to Raghavan, as Consul General. The text of this Farewell Address may even have been written by Mani – which would explain why he conserved it in this collection. In any event, the document reflects the perspective on the violence of Partition for Indians living in Indonesia 1947 and in the following years.</p
Pangio pathala Arjun & Sidharthan & Dahanukar & Raghavan 2022, new species
No full textPangio pathala, new species (Fig. 1) Holotype. KUFOS.FT.2020.1, 32.1 mm SL; India: Kerala: Thiruvanvandoor (9°20’23.09”N, 76°34’48.54”E), 7 m asl., coll. R. Sundar, A. Sidharthan & C. P. Arjun, 25 October 2020. Paratype. KUFOS.FT.2020.2 (c&s), 18.9 mm SL; same data as holotype; KUFOS.FT.2020.3, 22.3 mm SL; India: Kerala: Thiruvanvandoor (9°20’23.09”N, 76°34’48.54”E), 7 m asl., coll. R. Sundar, A. Sidharthan & C. P. Arjun, 11 November 2020. Diagnosis. Pangio pathala is distinguished from all other species of Pangio (except P. bhujia) by the absence of the dorsal fin (vs. presence), presence of four pectoral-fin rays (including an unbranched rudimentary ray) (vs. 5–11), 13 segmented (both branched and unbranched) caudal-fin rays (vs. 14–16), and a unique count of 27 caudal vertebrae (vs. 11–20), the highest among the known members of the genus. Pangio pathala is further distinguished from all other species of Pangio except P. bhujia, P. fusca, P. apoda, P. pulla and P. lidi by the absence of pelvic fins. Pangio pathala differs from its only subterranean congener, P. bhujia, in having four pectoral-fin rays (vs. three); five anal-fin rays (vs. six); greater number of vertebrae (67 vs. 62–63); and a raw genetic distance of 8.1–8.7% in the mitochondrial co1 gene. Description. Morphometric and meristic data are presented in Table 1. Body elongate, oval in cross section, strongly compressed laterally in caudal region.Standard length 14.2–18.2 times body depth; body depth 1.1–1.8 times body width. Caudal peduncle laterally compressed, long, its length 3.6–5.4 times its depth, its depth 2.4–4.4 times its width. Precaudal adipose keels well-developed, deep, long; dorsal adipose keel originating anterior to vertical from anal-fin origin; adipose keel of ventral profile originating immediately posterior to anal-fin base. Scales absent. Head rounded, small, about 10.5–13.1% SL. Eyes small, 4.8–6.5% HL. Mouth subterminal; with three pairs of elongated barbels. Two pairs of maxillary barbels, outer maxillary barbel reaching beyond posterior border of eye; inner maxillary barbel reaching between eye and nare. One pair of mandibular barbels, reaching anterior border of eye. Posterior margin of anterior naris developed into a long (47.53–58.61% HL), pointed flap, referred to as nasal barbel. Pectoral fin narrow, long, thread-like, with four rays including an unbranched rudimentary ray. Anal fin short with rounded margin, with one rudimentary ray followed by four unbranched rays. Pelvic fin and girdle absent. Dorsal fin and dorsal-fin pterygiophores absent. Caudal fin pointed, with both segmented and unsegmented, but unbranched rays: 4 dorsal unsegmented +6 dorsal segmented + 7 ventral segmented + 2 ventral unsegmented rays. Ribs on vertebrae 5–40. Total vertebrae 67 = 40 abdominal + 27 caudal vertebrae. Colouration. In life, body pinkish-red to light pink when freshly collected, becomes brownish pink in captivity, slightly darker on dorsal profile, ventral profile translucent. Eye a tiny small black spot. Caudal region translucent, rendering caudal vertebrae visible. Pectoral, anal, and caudal fins hyaline (Fig. 1a). In preservative, body pale yellowish-white with tiny black eye. Dorsal side of head and body with scattered minute melanophores only visible at 20× magnification. Distribution and habitat. Currently, Pangio pathala is known only from its type locality, Thiruvanvandoor, near the town of Chengannur, Kerala State, India (Fig. 2). Specimens were collected from an overhead water-storage tank connected to an old dug-out well using an electric water pump. The well is approximately 17 feet deep, and drawn water was used for drinking and household activities (Fig. 3). Etymology. The species name is based on the Sanskrit word pâtâla, which means ‘below the feet’, denoting the subterranean realms of the universe—which are located under the earth’s surface. A noun in apposition. Genetic analysis. In the maximum likelihood analysis based on the co1 gene, Pangio pathala and P. bhujia are sister species and form a clade with the other Western Ghats congeners (Fig. 4). Pangio pathala differs from P. bhujia by a raw genetic distance of 8.1–8.7%, and from all its other congeners for which genetic data (mitochondrial co1) are available, by a raw genetic distance of 14.4–19.5% (Table 2). New distribution record for Pangio bhujia. We also take this opportunity to record two specimens of P. bhujia from Indianoor (10°58’56.20”N, 76°2’32.51”E, 37 m. asl) near the town of Kottakkal. The two fish were collected from a shallow channel (<0.1 m depth) originating in a nearby pond (<2 m depth) used for irrigation. The substrate of the channel comprised of laterite soil covered by fallen, decayed leaves. The habitat is similar to the type locality of P. bhujia, which is located around 40 km north. Detailed morphological examination of the specimens, and comparison of its co1 gene sequence, confirmed its conspecificity with P. bhujia (Table 1 and Fig. 4). Co-occurring species in the channel and pond include Lepidocephalichthys thermalis, Pseudosphromenus cupanus, Rasbora dandia, Aplocheilus lineatus, and Puntius vittatus.Published as part of Arjun, C. P., Sidharthan, Arya, Dahanukar, Neelesh & Raghavan, Rajeev, 2022, A new diminutive subterranean eel loach species of the genus Pangio (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Southern India, pp. 89-97 in Zootaxa 5138 (1) on pages 90-93, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/655224
Waikhomia Katwate & Kumkar & Raghavan & Dahanukar 2020, gen. nov.
No full text<i>Waikhomia</i>, gen. nov. <p> <b>Type species.</b> <i>Waikhomia hira,</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Waikhomia</i>, a new genus of cyprinid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), differs from all South and Southeast Asian genera of Smiliogastrinae by the following combination of characters and character states: adult size 29–59 mm SL; barbels absent; last unbranched dorsal-fin ray smooth, the length of segmented apex covering>50% of total length of fin ray; 3 unbranched (including 2 supernumerary and one serially associated unbranched ray) and 8 branched dorsal-fin rays; 3 unbranched (including 2 supernumerary and one serially associated unbranched ray) and 5 branched anal-fin rays; 30 total vertebrae, 17 abdominal and 13 caudal vertebrae; post-epiphysial fontanelle absent, frontals slender, elongated, parietals narrow; infraorbital 3 deep, partially overlapping cheek and preopercle; maxilla and dentary large; gill rakers simple, acuminate (not branched or laminate), usually few (none or up to 3 on lateral margin of epibranchial 1, and 3–4 on lateral margin of ceratobranchial 1) or absent; ceratobranchial 5 with 3 rows of slender, robust conical ‘pharyngeal’ teeth, anteriormost row with 2, middle with 3 and posteriormost with 4 conical and 1 small, last elongate teeth; 3–4 supraneurals, last one not extending over anterior plane of proximalmiddle radial of dorsal-fin, leaving prominent gap between posteriormost supraneural and proximal-middle radial of dorsal fin; lateral line complete, with 23–25 perforated scales; characteristic body coloration pattern consisting of multiple (6–8) spots and blotches on sides of body; dorsal fin high, black in mature males; pelvic fins jet black, with tip of fins white; nuptial tubercles present in mature males, scattered across snout, ventral side of head posteriorly to pelvic-fin base and onto outer unbranched ray of pectoral and pelvic fins.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Waikhomia</i> is endemic to the streams of the northern and central part of the Western Ghats of India and comprises two species, viz. <i>Waikhomia sahyadriensis</i> and a new species, <i>W. hira</i> new species, which we describe below. In the present study, populations of <i>Waikhomia</i> were recorded from several tributaries of the east-flowing Krishna River system, including in the upstream regions of the Venna River (the type locality of <i>W. sahyadriensis</i>) and the Koyna River in Maharashtra, Tunga River near Kudremukh in Karnataka, and from the other independent west-flowing rivers like Sharavati, Aghanashini and the Kali (type locality of <i>W. hira</i>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The new genus <i>Waikhomia</i> is named for Vishwanath Waikhom, for his contributions to the taxonomy and systematics of Indian freshwater fishes.</p>Published as part of <i>Katwate, Unmesh, Kumkar, Pradeep, Raghavan, Rajeev & Dahanukar, Neelesh, 2020, Taxonomy and systematics of the ' Maharaja Barbs' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Western Ghats, India, pp. 544-560 in Zootaxa 4803 (3)</i> on page 548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4803.3.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3920609">http://zenodo.org/record/3920609</a>
Eurindicus Grave & Arjun & Raghavan 2018, gen. nov.
No full text<i>Eurindicus</i> gen. nov. <p> <b>Type species.</b> <i>Eurindicus bhugarbha</i> <b>sp. nov</b>., by present designation and monotypy.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> RoStrum Smooth, non-dentate on both dorSal and Ventral marginS; diSto-meSial region of ocular peduncleS not anteriorly produced. Fourth thoracic Sternite (maleS) without tranSVerSal ridge or tooth; fifth thoracic Sternite with well-deVeloped tranSVerSal ridge. Upper antennular flagellum biramouS; fuSed portion compriSed of three diViSionS; acceSSory ramuS with four diViSionS; aeSthetaScS on Sub-diStal and diStal diViSion. Third maxilliped with two arthrobranchS. CarpuS of third and fourth pereiopod without cuSpidate Setae on diStoVentral margin; carpuS of third to fifth pereiopod without cuSpidate Setae on dorSal margin. Male Second pleopod with endopod Spatulate, not modified into gonopod, appendix maSculina preSent. Uropodal exopodS with Single cuSpidate Seta on diareSiS, protopod with weakly deVeloped lateral extenSion.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>Eurindicus</i> iS an arbitrary combination of ‘ <i>Eur-</i> ’ the firSt three letterS of the family Euryrhynchidae, and ‘- <i>indicus</i> ’, from India, baSed on the geographic diStribution of the genuS, thiS being the firSt record of the family in India; gender maSculine.</p> <p> <b>Systematic remarks.</b> A number of morphological featureS eaSily allow the new genuS to be placed within Euryrhynchidae. Notably, theSe are the Shape and form of the frontal region of the carapace, including the roStrum; the Shape of the eyeS; the form of the acceSSory ramuS of the upper antennular flagellum; the Shape and ornamentation of the telSon; the characteriStic tranSVerSe ridge on the fifth thoracic Sternite and the lower Surface of the palm and fixed finger of the firSt pereiopod with a well-deVeloped tuft of Serrate Setae. DeSpite the preSence of theSe putatiVe SynapomorphieS, <i>Eurindicus</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> occupieS an iSolated poSition within the family on account of the upper antennular flagellum and itS acceSSory ramuS being joined oVer three diViSionS (VS. one in all other genera), the preSence of a carpo-propodal bruSh, albeit reduced (VS. abSent in all other genera) and the welldeVeloped branchioStegal grooVe (VS. abSent or poorly deVeloped in all other genera). A further difference with all known genera iS the poorly deVeloped poStero-lateral expanSion on the protopod of the uropod (VS. well-deVeloped in all other genera). The new genuS alSo diSplayS a primitiVe gill formula with pleurobranchS on all ambulatory pereiopodS aS well aS two arthrobranchS on the third maxilliped, only Shared with the WeSt African Surface dwelling <i>Euryrhynchoides</i> (VS. fewer gillS in the other genera, See Pachelle & TaVareS 2018).</p> <p> Due to the abSence of comprehenSiVe phylogenetic coVerage encompaSSing all genera, the exact SyStematic poSition of <i>Eurindicus</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> within Euryrhynchidae cannot herein be reSolVed. HoweVer, the morphological differenceS highlighted aboVe would indicate the genuS to be more likely to be baSal and perhapS moSt cloSely related to the WeSt African genuS <i>Euryrhynchina</i> with which it ShareS a number of potential SynapomorphieS (endopod of Second male pleopod Spatulate, low number of SpineS on uropodal diareSiS, abSence of Spiniform Setae on the dorSal margin of the dactyli of the third to fifth pereiopodS), although it differS SubStantially from that genuS in the branchial formula, the number of fuSed articleS, aS well aS the number and diSpoSition of the aeSthetaScS on the acceSSory ramuS of the antennular flagellum and the preSence of an appendix interna on the male firSt pleopod.</p> <p> A number of preViouS StudieS haVe poStulated that the WeSt African freShwater family DeSmocarididae could be the SiSter-taxon to Euryrhynchidae, baSed on morphology (De GraVe 2007) aS well aS phylogeneticS (Bracken <i>et al</i>. 2009; Kou <i>et al</i>. 2013; De GraVe <i>et al</i>. 2015a). The preSence of a well-deVeloped branchioStegal grooVe in <i>Eurindicus</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> iS howeVer reminiScent of the poSt-antennular Suture in Typhlocarididae, with a clear potential for homology. Although the acceSSory ramuS of the upper antennular flagellum in <i>Eurindicus</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> iS clearly homologouS with that obSerVed in the other euryrhynchid genera, the fact that it iS joined oVer three diViSionS with the flagellum may further Support a cloSe relationShip to Typhlocarididae.</p> <p> Sankolli and Shenoy (1979) deScribed a new genuS and SpecieS of Subterranean Shrimp, <i>Troglindicus phreaticus</i> from a coaStal well in Ratnagiri, MaharaShtra State, which they aSSumed waS allied to the Cuban, Subterranean genuS <i>Troglocubanus</i> HolthuiS, 1949 and thuS placed in Palaemonidae. Pereira (1997) included thiS genuS in hiS cladiStic Study of Palaemonidae <i>sensu lato</i> and reSolVed the taxon to be cloSely related to Euryrhynchidae, albeit in a baSally unreSolVed clade which alSo contained <i>Troglocubanus</i>, <i>Typhlocaris</i> Calman, 1909 and <i>Creaseria</i> HolthuiS, 1950. No further StudieS haVe examined the SyStematic poSition of thiS genuS, which waS herein undertaken giVen the geographic proximity and Similar habitat to the type locality of <i>Eurindicus</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> BaSed on a direct examination of four paratypeS (RMNH D 35320) it iS eVident that <i>T. phreaticus</i> ShareS a number of putatiVe SynapomorphieS with Euryrhynchidae, notably the preSence of a well-deVeloped tranSVerSe ridge on the fifth thoracic Sternite, the well-deVeloped bruSh on the palm and fixed finger of the firSt pereiopod, a well-deVeloped poStero-lateral expanSion on the protopod of the uropod (leSS deVeloped in <i>Eurindicus</i> <b>gen. nov.</b>) and the Shape and ornamentation of the telSon, with itS typical euryrhynchid diStal margin. HoweVer, it iS noticeably different in the form of the acceSSory ramuS of the upper antennular flagellum, which conSiStS of 15 free, non-conical diViSionS with 2-3 pairS of aeSthetaScS on all diViSionS. Two further SimilaritieS Shared with <i>Eurindicus</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> are that the joined portion of the upper antennular flagellum conSiStS of three diViSionS and the preSence of a well-defined branchioStegal grooVe. It iS thuS SeemS eVident that <i>Troglindicus</i> iS phylogenetically cloSely allied to Euryrhynchidae. HoweVer, the genuS iS herein not formally tranSferred to that family, aS that would negate a further defining Synapomorphy of Euryrhynchidae, notably the unique Shape of the acceSSory ramuS of the upper antennular flagellum. NeVertheleSS, aS a preViouSly SuggeSted Synapomorphy, the Single jointed diViSion in the upper antennular flagellum, waS negated by the diScoVery of <i>Eurindicus</i> <b>gen. nov.</b>, it iS unclear where the true circumScription of the family now lieS. GiVen the high leVel of morphological homoplaSieS at higher SyStematic leVelS within Caridea, thiS can only be fully reSolVed by a targeted molecular phylogenetic approach.</p>Published as part of <i>Grave, Sammy De, Arjun, Charambilly Purushothaman & Raghavan, Rajeev, 2018, The discovery of Euryrhynchidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) in India, with the description of a new genus and species, pp. 367-378 in Zootaxa 4462 (3)</i> on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1441701">http://zenodo.org/record/1441701</a>
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
FIGURE 7 in The identity of Pethia punctata, a senior synonym of P. muvattupuzhaensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
No full textFIGURE 7. Pethia punctata, topotype, female, BNHS FWF 111, 48.5 mm SL; pelvic girdle, (A) ventral view, (B) dorsal view. Bp, basipterygium; PS, pelvic splint; PR, pelvic radial.Published as part of Katwate, Unmesh, Baby, Fibin, Raghavan, Rajeev & Dahanukar, Neelesh, 2014, The identity of Pethia punctata, a senior synonym of P. muvattupuzhaensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 201-221 in Zootaxa 3884 (3) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23016
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