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Moral precursors, temperament and attachment in 12-24 months infants
No full textIntroduction: Infants assess others based on their social behavior toward third parts and prefer those who behave prosocially over those who behave antisocially (Hamlin & Wynn, 2011). The competence of distinguishing and preferring prosocial agents is part of an early inner system referred to as “moral precursors”.
Aims of the study: Our first aim is to verify the preference for individuals who act prosocially toward unrelated third parties over individuals who act antisocially in infants between 12 and 24 months of age. The second aim concerns the influence of temperamental characteristics and of the attachment model on the moral precursors system.
Material and methods: Sample: 25 infants (M=13, F=12) between 12 and 24 months, attending kindergarten.
Measures: prosocial-antisocial choice procedure (Wynn & Hamlin, 2011); Early Child Behavior Questionnaire (Putnam et al., 2006);Attachment Q-Sort (Waters, 1997)
Results: 11 infants (M=5, F=6) prefer prosocial puppet, while 14 (M=8, F=6) prefer the antisocial one. 20 months or less infants prefer the antisocial puppet (N=9) and only one chooses the prosocial one. Older infants prefer the prosocial puppet (N=10) over the antisocial one (N=5) and report higher Attentional focusing (t(23)=1.82, p<0.10) and Cuddliness (t(23)=1.79, p<0.10) temperamental scores, higher scores on the AQS (t(23)=1.21, p<0.10) and less Frustration (t(23)=2.18, p<0.10) and Positive anticipation (t(23)=1.94, p<0.10) temperamental scores compared to younger infants.
Conclusions: Results partially confirm Wynn's hypothesis on the early presence of prosocial preference. Younger infants tend not to prefer the prosocial character. Older infants that tend to prefer the prosocial puppet have a secure attachment and, compared to younger infants, have higher scores in some temperamental characteristics. Results highlight the role of temperament in the shaping up of early moral competence
Temperamento e attaccamento nell'acquisizione dei precursori morali: alcuni dati preliminari
No full textObjective: This study investigates early moral precursors in a sample of 12-24 month olds. The first goal of the study was to test participants’ preference for individuals who act prosocially toward unrelated third parties over individuals who act antisocially. We also investigated the influence of temperamental characteristics and attachment models in the shaping up of moral precursors. Methods: Sample: 25 infants (M=13, F=12) aged 12 to 24 months, attending kindergarten. Measures: prosocial-antisocial choice procedure (Wynn e Hamlin, 2011); Early Child Behavior Questionnaire (Putnam et al., 2006); Attachment Q-Sort (Waters, 1997). Results: 11 infants (M=5, F=6) preferred the prosocial puppet, while 14 (M=8, F=6) preferred the antisocial one. 20 months or less infants preferred the antisocial puppet (N=9) and only one chose the prosocial one. Differently, older infants preferred the prosocial puppet (N=10) over the antisocial one (N=5) reporting higher Attentional focusing (t(23)=1.82, p<0.10) and cuddliness (t(23)=1.79, p<0.10) temperamental scores, higher scores on the Attachment Q-Sort (t(23)=1.21, p<0.10) and less Frustration (t(23)=2.18, p<0.10) and Positive anticipation (t(23)=1.94, p<0.10) temperamental scores compared to younger infants. Conclusions: Early preference for individuals who act prosocially toward unrelated third parties over individuals who act antisocially, is only partially confirmed in our study when considering infants younger than 20 months. Older children tend to show a clearer pattern, in that a higher tendency to prefer the prosocial character is associated with “secure” attachment model and higher scores on specific temperamental features. Results highlight the role of temperament and attachment in the shaping up of early moral competence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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