1,721,068 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - The angio-architectural features of brain arteriovenous malformations: is it possible to predict the probability of rupture?
No full textSupplemental Material for The angio-architectural features of brain arteriovenous malformations: is it possible to predict the probability of rupture? by Arianna Rustici, Francesca Vari, Carmelo Sturiale, Alfredo Conti, Antonino Scibilia, Carlo Bortolotti, Raffaele Agati, Caterina Tonon, Raffaele Lodi, Diego Mazzatenta, Matteo Zoli, Ciro Princiotta, Massimo Dall’Olio and Luigi Cirillo in The Neuroradiology Journal</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
IDH Inhibitors and Beyond: The Cornerstone of Targeted Glioma Treatment
No full textDiffuse low-grade gliomas account for approximately 20% of all primary brain tumors, they arise from glial cells and show infiltrative growth without histological features of malignancy. Mutations of the IDH1 and IDH2 genes constitute a reliable molecular signature of low-grade gliomas and are the earliest driver mutations occurring during gliomagenesis, representing a relevant biomarker with diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value. IDH mutations induce a neomorphic enzyme that converts alpha-ketoglutarate to the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which leads to widespread effects on cellular epigenetics and metabolism. Currently, there are no approved molecularly targeted therapies and the standard treatment for low-grade gliomas consists of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, with rising concern about treatment-related toxicities. Targeting D-2-hydroxyglutarate is considered a novel attractive therapeutic approach for low-grade gliomas and the insights from clinical trials suggest that mutant-selective IDH inhibitors are the ideal candidates, with a favorable benefit/risk ratio. A pivotal question is whether blocking IDH neomorphic activity may activate alternative oncogenetic pathways, inducing acquired resistance to IDH inhibitors. Based on this rationale, combination therapies to enhance the antitumor activity of IDH inhibitors and approaches aimed at exploiting, rather than inhibiting, the metabolism of IDH-mutant cancer cells, such as poly (adenosine 5 '-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, are emerging from preclinical research and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of IDH mutations in gliomagenesis and the complex interactions between the genomic and epigenetic landscapes, providing an overview of how, in the last decade, therapeutic approaches for low-grade gliomas have evolved
Glioblastoma: Emerging treatments and novel trial designs
Full text linkSimple Summary Nowadays, very few systemic agents have shown clinical activity in patients with glioblastoma, making the research of novel therapeutic approaches a critical issue. Fortunately, the availability of novel compounds is increasing thanks to better biological knowledge of the disease. In this review we want to investigate more promising ongoing clinical trials in both primary and recurrent GBM. Furthermore, a great interest of the present work is focused on novel trial design strategies. Management of glioblastoma is a clinical challenge since very few systemic treatments have shown clinical efficacy in recurrent disease. Thanks to an increased knowledge of the biological and molecular mechanisms related to disease progression and growth, promising novel treatment strategies are emerging. The expanding availability of innovative compounds requires the design of a new generation of clinical trials, testing experimental compounds in a short time and tailoring the sample cohort based on molecular and clinical behaviors. In this review, we focused our attention on the assessment of promising novel treatment approaches, discussing novel trial design and possible future fields of development in this setting
Engineered CAR-T and novel CAR-based therapies to fight the immune evasion of glioblastoma: gutta cavat lapidem
No full textIntroduction: The field of cancer immunotherapy has achieved great advancements through the application of genetically engineered T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), that have shown exciting success in eradicating hematologic malignancies and have proved to be safe with promising early signs of antitumoral activity in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM).
Areas covered: We discuss the use of CAR T cells in GBM, focusing on limitations and obstacles to advancement, mostly related to toxicities, hostile tumor microenvironment, limited CAR T cells infiltration and persistence, target antigen loss/heterogeneity and inadequate trafficking. Furthermore, we introduce the refined strategies aimed at strengthening CAR T activity and offer insights in to novel immunotherapeutic approaches, such as the potential use of CAR NK or CAR M to optimize anti-tumor effects for GBM management.
Expert opinion: With the progressive wide use of CAR T cell therapy, significant challenges in treating solid tumors, including central nervous system (CNS) tumors, are emerging, highlighting early disease relapse and cancer cell resistance issues, owing to hostile immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor antigen heterogeneity. In addition to CAR T cells, there is great interest in utilizing other types of CAR-based therapies, such as CAR natural killer (CAR NK) or CAR macrophages (CAR M) cells for CNS tumors
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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