1,721,009 research outputs found
Effort Project. Child experimental data and associated survey data
No full textChild experimental data and associated survey data: The dataset contains socioeconomic data and experimental measures of cognitive effort stemming from fifth-grade students and their parents. Among the socioeconomic variables that can be found in the dataset are the gender, age, and country of birth of both parents and students. Furthermore, the level of education, occupation, employment status and other socioeconomic variables of the parents are also present. A wide range of variables regarding the student in the school are included, such as grades, involvement, or homework. As effort is the main variable of interest, a series of non-cognitive (personality) variables that are conceptually close were measured, namely, Locus of Control, the Big Five and Need for Cognition. The students also completed a Raven matrices style IQ test (fluid intelligence). A few variables reflect the basic characteristics of their teacher and the school that the individuals attend.
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Conceptual and Methodological Considerations on Effort: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Full text linkThis introduction to the special issue “Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Effort” highlights the relevance of effort as a research object and pinpoints the potential of various approaches to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on this multifaceted phenomenon. Addressing three dimensions of research—on the measurement, determinants, and consequences of effort—the article also gives an overview of the collection of articles in the special issue. In terms of measurement, we distinguish between self-reported individual characteristics related to effort, on the one hand, and behavioral measures of effort referring to task performance on the other. Concerning determinants, we review the ways in which studies find incentives, personality characteristics, and family background to affect individual effort provisions. Finally, when it comes to consequences, we discuss effort as a source of legitimate entitlement to rewards, speaking to normative theories of justice, and effort as a driver of socioeconomic achievement, referencing debates about the respective benefits of cognitive and noncognitive skills. In concluding, the article distills selected lessons learned for future research on effort.This Project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 758600)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Intergenerational transfers and social class: Inter-vivos transfers as means of status reproduction?
No full textResearch on social stratification and the transmission of inequality has largely disregarded the role of inter-vivos transfers to adult children. At the same time, the role of social class has been neglected in the literature on intergenerational transfers. In an attempt to link the two research strands, the article assesses the association between occupational social class and parental transfer behaviour. Estimation results from a tobit censored regression model on the basis of data from SHARE show substantial class differences in financial transfers. Existing theories on intergenerational transfers are largely unable to account for this finding. Even after income and wealth are controlled for, service-class parents transfer more resources to their adult children than do working-class parents. We explain the observed class effects in parental transfer behaviour by rethinking inter-vivos transfers as a means of status reproduction
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Environmental Effects on Child Development: Spatial Inequality and Socio-Economic Disparities in Early Life Outcomes
Full text linkMención Internacional en el título de doctorPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales/ Social Sciences por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Jan Paul Heisig.- Secretaria: Leire Salazar.- Vocal: Tobias Rüttenaue
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