1,720,975 research outputs found
Letaler Hitzeschock mit disseminierter intravasaler Koagulopathie
No full textZusammenfassung Das Thema hitzebedingter Erkrankungen ist in den letzten Jahren mit überaus heißen Sommern und häufigen Hitzewellen immer relevanter geworden. Epidemiologisch lassen sich solche Erkrankungen nur schwer fassen, da sie saisonal vorkommen und überwiegend besonders exponierte Patienten betreffen. Fatale Verläufe wie der im Beitrag beschriebene sind äußerst selten 1.Zusammenfassung Das Thema hitzebedingter Erkrankungen ist in den letzten Jahren mit überaus heißen Sommern und häufigen Hitzewellen immer relevanter geworden. Epidemiologisch lassen sich solche Erkrankungen nur schwer fassen, da sie saisonal vorkommen und überwiegend besonders exponierte Patienten betreffen. Fatale Verläufe wie der im Beitrag beschriebene sind äußerst selten 1
A combination of convective and conductive warming produces pre- and post-bypass normothermia in pediatric cardiac surgery
No full textBackground: We conducted an audit to investigate the efficacy of a proposed standard operating procedure (SOP) on convective and conductive perioperative thermal management during paediatric cardiac anaesthesia. Methods: We retrospectively studied 26 consecutive children who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We applied a heating mattress and a forced-air blanket during anaesthesia induction, before CPB, during the rewarming period, and after discontinuation of CPB. Core body temperatures were recorded continuously. Results: All children (aged 1 day to 13.5 yr, median 25 months) were divided into three groups: 15 kg (III, n = 9). Mean (± SD) core body temperatures were as follows: at the start of surgery 35.8 ± 1.0°C (I), 35.9 ± 0.6°C (II), and 36.3 ± 0.3°C (III); at the start of bypass 35.9 ± 1.1°C (I), 36.4 ± 1.1°C (II), and 36.5 ± 0.7 °C (III). Temperatures after rewarming were 36.4 ± 0.4 °C (I), 36.2 ± 0.4 °C (II), and 36.0 ± 0.4°C (III). After weaning from bypass, core body temperatures were 36.7 ± 0.9°C (I), 37.3 ± 0.7°C (II), and 37.1 ± 0.7°C (III). Normothermia on admission to ICU was maintained in all but three small infants. Conclusions: In children undergoing cardiac surgery, a combination of convective and conductive warming can effectively ensure perioperative normothermia before and after CPB
A combination of convective and conductive warming produces pre- and post-bypass normothermia in pediatric cardiac surgery
No full textBackground: We conducted an audit to investigate the efficacy of a proposed standard operating procedure (SOP) on convective and conductive perioperative thermal management during paediatric cardiac anaesthesia. Methods: We retrospectively studied 26 consecutive children who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We applied a heating mattress and a forced-air blanket during anaesthesia induction, before CPB, during the rewarming period, and after discontinuation of CPB. Core body temperatures were recorded continuously. Results: All children (aged 1 day to 13.5 yr, median 25 months) were divided into three groups: 15 kg (III, n = 9). Mean (± SD) core body temperatures were as follows: at the start of surgery 35.8 ± 1.0°C (I), 35.9 ± 0.6°C (II), and 36.3 ± 0.3°C (III); at the start of bypass 35.9 ± 1.1°C (I), 36.4 ± 1.1°C (II), and 36.5 ± 0.7 °C (III). Temperatures after rewarming were 36.4 ± 0.4 °C (I), 36.2 ± 0.4 °C (II), and 36.0 ± 0.4°C (III). After weaning from bypass, core body temperatures were 36.7 ± 0.9°C (I), 37.3 ± 0.7°C (II), and 37.1 ± 0.7°C (III). Normothermia on admission to ICU was maintained in all but three small infants. Conclusions: In children undergoing cardiac surgery, a combination of convective and conductive warming can effectively ensure perioperative normothermia before and after CPB
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Myocardial consequences of remifentanil in patients with coronary artery disease
No full textRemifentanil may be an alternative to conventional opioids for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery because of its extremely short duration of action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of remifentanil on myocardial blood flow, metabolism and systemic haemodynamic variables in patients with coronary artery disease. After approval by the local ethics committee, 12 male patients were investigated before elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Systemic haemodynamic variables, myocardia[ blood flow and metabolism were measured when patients were awake and when they were anaesthetized with high-dose remifentanil (2.0 mu g kg(-1) min(-1)), or with remifentanil 0.5 mu g kg(-1) min(-1) combined with propofol (target-controlled infusion aiming at a plasma concentration of 2.0 mu g ml(-1)). Myocardial blood flow was measured using a modified Kety-Schmidt technique. High-dose remifentanil anaesthesia significantly reduced cardiac index (Cl) (-25%) as a consequence of a decrease in stroke volume index (SVI) (-14%) and heart rate (-13%). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 30% lower than that in the awake patient. Myocardial blood flow and myocardial oxygen uptake (MVo(2)) decreased by 30% and 42%, respectively. In contrast to high-dose remifentanil anaesthesia, systemic vascular resistance index (-14%) during remifentanil/propofol anaesthesia was significantly lower than that in the awake patient. Other haemodynamic variables, and myocardial blood flow and MVo(2), did not significantly differ from the high-dose remifentanil period. In conclusion, high-dose remifentanil reduces SVI, heart rate, MAP, myocardial blood flow and MVo(2) and its effects do not differ from those of remifentanil/propofol anaesthesia
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