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A Study on Use of Bale Bale For Shared Place in High-density Island
No full textOne problem in high-density environment such as in Lae Lae isle, Makassar-Indonesia is the unavailability of shared public space. Lae Lae isle, one small island in front of Makassar city is a densely populated, where 0.22 km2 is occupied by 1.563 people. Common sights in this isle are many people, all generations gathering on a bench in everywhere, and the bench called Bale bale. It is used by islander for private space and further change into shared place. The aims of this study are to identify the types, characteristics, and activity people on Bale bale. Further to consider about ???sharing system of Bale bale??? for shared place. This study is based on a phenomenon in field, so that empirical research study conducted in Lae Lae isle to collect the primary data, secondary data can be obtained by literature study. The field surveys were conducted three times, that is in November 2009, September 2010, and November 2011. The method of field survey included the mapping of the Bale bale???s locations, observing users behaviors, measuring of the Bale bales, documenting of users??? activities by camera, and interviewing the owners and users of the Bale bales. Seventy-two questionnaires were distributed to owners and users of the Bale bales in October 2009. \ud
The following are the main findings of this study: (1) There were 225 Bale bales scattered in Lae Lae isle, such as around the dwelling, along the roadside, along the beach, and in others public spaces. A social factor is influence on people use a Bale bale or a bench in a different place. (2) The owner can put the Bale bale anywhere in public space in Lae Lae isle without permission to neighbors. Bale bale was classified into five types, namely, siring, terrace, yard, roadside, and seashore type. It has a variety of sizes and it is not influence to number of users on Bale bale. Number of users on Bale bale is depending on the type and location of Bale bale. Further, Bale bale has two forms, that is prototype of Bale bale and hut-shaped of Bale bale. The main activity people on Bale bale is sitting and chatting, other activities are sleeping, eating, working, nurse the baby, folding the laundry, and hair lice cleaning. (3) The Bale bale is not merely a simple bench, but it is a gathered place, not only space but it is a place, which ???create a room and brings about the openness the open. Bale bale is owned by individual, and put it around their house, but at the same time; a) Sometimes Bale bales moved to better environment, not only by owner but also by neighbors. b) Whether they have own Bale bale or not, islanders visit and use others Bale bales in comfortable environment. c) Not only family and neighborhood, but also visitors are permitted to use every Bale bale in Lae Lae isle. By these customs and rules, islanders can share good environment in high-density island. (4) The Bale bale is a private space was changed into shared place, which is consideration by their custom and location of Bale bale in public spaces. The provision of sitting space like Bale bale as a shared place for social space, especially in the high-density environment is necessary
SYSTEM FOR SHARING GOOD ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH-DENSITY ISLAND
Get PDFThis paper analyzes an environment sharing system from a field survey of 225 Bale bales (Endai-like furniture) in Lae Lae isle, Makassar, Indonesia. Bale bales are owned by individuals and used by entire households. However, 1) Bale bales are sometimes moved to better environments not only by owners but also by neighbors. \ud
2) Whether or not they have their own Bale bales, many islanders use the Bale bales of other families located in comfortable environments (for example, the seashore, a street corner, or a public square) far from their homes. \ud
3) Not only relatives but also neighbors and visitors are permitted to use each Bale bale on the island.\ud
By following these customs and rules, islanders can share a good environment on their high-density island
Dr. Eng
No full textOne problem in high-density environment such as in Lae Lae isle, Makassar-Indonesia is the unavailability of shared public space. Lae Lae isle, one small island in front of Makassar city is a densely populated, where 0.22 km2 is occupied by 1.563 people. Common sights in this isle are many people, all generations gathering on a bench in everywhere, and the bench called Bale bale. It is used by islander for private space and further change into shared place. The aims of this study are to identify the types, characteristics, and activity people on Bale bale. Further to consider about ???sharing system of Bale bale??? for shared place. This study is based on a phenomenon in field, so that empirical research study conducted in Lae Lae isle to collect the primary data, secondary data can be obtained by literature study. The field surveys were conducted three times, that is in November 2009, September 2010, and November 2011. The method of field survey included the mapping of the Bale bale???s locations, observing users behaviors, measuring of the Bale bales, documenting of users??? activities by camera, and interviewing the owners and users of the Bale bales. Seventy-two questionnaires were distributed to owners and users of the Bale bales in October 2009. \ud
The following are the main findings of this study: (1) There were 225 Bale bales scattered in Lae Lae isle, such as around the dwelling, along the roadside, along the beach, and in others public spaces. A social factor is influence on people use a Bale bale or a bench in a different place. (2) The owner can put the Bale bale anywhere in public space in Lae Lae isle without permission to neighbors. Bale bale was classified into five types, namely, siring, terrace, yard, roadside, and seashore type. It has a variety of sizes and it is not influence to number of users on Bale bale. Number of users on Bale bale is depending on the type and location of Bale bale. Further, Bale bale has two forms, that is prototype of Bale bale and hut-shaped of Bale bale. The main activity people on Bale bale is sitting and chatting, other activities are sleeping, eating, working, nurse the baby, folding the laundry, and hair lice cleaning. (3) The Bale bale is not merely a simple bench, but it is a gathered place, not only space but it is a place, which ???create a room and brings about the openness the open. Bale bale is owned by individual, and put it around their house, but at the same time; a) Sometimes Bale bales moved to better environment, not only by owner but also by neighbors. b) Whether they have own Bale bale or not, islanders visit and use others Bale bales in comfortable environment. c) Not only family and neighborhood, but also visitors are permitted to use every Bale bale in Lae Lae isle. By these customs and rules, islanders can share good environment in high-density island. (4) The Bale bale is a private space was changed into shared place, which is consideration by their custom and location of Bale bale in public spaces. The provision of sitting space like Bale bale as a shared place for social space, especially in the high-density environment is necessary
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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