87 research outputs found
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from roadway
No full textEnergy harvesting technologies have attracted much attention as an alternative power source of roadway accessories in different scales. Piezoelectric materials, which have been widely used in sensor technologies due to their cost-effectiveness, are capable of producing electrical energy from mechanical energy. Therefore, piezoelectric transducers can be designed to harvest the wasted mechanical energy generated under wheel loading that can be stored in an electronic capacitor or integrated with sensors for in-situ road condition monitoring. This dissertation aims to develop a novel design of a piezoelectric transducer with optimized geometry for energy harvesting under vehicular loading in the roadway. The novel Bridge transducer with layered poling is designed to increase the piezoelectric coefficient and the relative dielectric permittivity, which produces much higher energy than traditional transducers. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to predict the generated energy output and the resulted mechanical stress in the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer. The results of the optimization analysis indicate that the optimized geometry parameters can generate the maximum energy output within the stress failure criteria. Later, an energy harvester module that contains multiple stacked transducers, 64 novel transducers, was fabricated and tested under single pulse and cyclic loading events. The main objectives of this part were to evaluate the energy output and fatigue behavior of the piezoelectric energy harvester using laboratory testing and numerical simulation. The analysis results showed that two different material failure models need to be considered in relation to mechanical failure of the Bridge transducer, namely tensile and shear failure. This emphasizes that the optimum design of energy module should consider the balance of energy output and fatigue life that are affected by the fabrication of a single Bridge transducer and the packaging design of the energy module. To take into account the nature of the energy harvester-pavement interaction and to achieve better computation efficiency, the effect of this interaction on pavement responses was studied using a decoupled approach. First, a 3D pavement model was built, and then the pavement responses under the tire contact stresses were calculated. The effects of energy harvester-pavement interaction at different locations, horizontally and vertically, were also analyzed. The results show that the maximum power output of the energy harvester module is around 122mW at a vehicle speed of 65mph and 3 inches embedded depth. Furthermore, embedding the energy harvesting module below 3 inches from the pavement surface is the best location to maximize both power output and service life. Finally, to reveal the potentials of some important technologies for harvesting energy from a pavement network, a case study is discussed, which uses the New Jersey roadway network as the example for analysis. The potential of electrical energy generation for thermoelectric and piezoelectric (cymbal and novel bridge design) technologies were considered. Based on available energy harvesting technologies, a thermoelectric-based pipe system covering the entire New Jersey roadway network may potentially collect 20.11 GWh electrical energy per day, while a piezoelectric transducer system may collect around 3.74 and 10.01MWh of electrical energy per day for cymbal and novel bridge transducer designs, respectively.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Abbas Fadhil Jasi
Optimization of pavement preservation strategy considering cost and environmental impacts
No full textRoad maintenance is crucial for the purpose of retarding deterioration of pavement, which is a complex and continuous process due to the interaction of heavy traffic, environmental condition, and material aging. The combination of increased traffic and lack of appropriate maintenance causes a higher rate of degeneration in the roads. Transportation agencies need to develop a system for disseminating limited funds and decide the timing to conduct maintenance and repairs. In order to establish a cost-effective budget and achieve the optimum utilization of available resources, the agency needs to decide which maintenance treatment to use and where and when to apply it. The primary objective of this dissertation is to develop network-level pavement preservation decisions considering multiple objectives of cost and environmental impacts. This research will produce multi-objective optimization models designed to provide highway agencies with means of making road maintenance decisions among different concerns. Therefore, this study developed regression models of CO2 emissions for four vehicle types to quantify the environmental impact at the use stage. The simulated constraint boundary method (SCBM) was used as a tool to find Pareto optimal solutions for the pavement multi-objective optimization problem of minimizing agency costs and minimizing CO2 emissions by minimizing average network IRI value. This method is based on solving one objective and converting the other objective to constraint, so the decision makers need to decide first which objective should be considered as the primary objective (the objective that deserves the most attention among the competing objectives). The results show that the crack seal is still the most dominant preservation treatments compared to thin overlay although it has less effect on the reduction of IRI than the thin overlay treatment. So, the objective of minimizing agency cost controls the optimization results although the minimization of CO2 emissions was considered in the optimization process. Another method that was used in this research to achieve both objectives of minimizing agency costs and emissions is the Weighted Sum method. Weighted sum method is based on converting the two objectives into one single objective by adding both objectives together after multiplying each objective by a weighting factor. The value of weighting factor should be considerable relative to other weighting factors and comparative to its corresponding objective function. The results for the distribution of pavement preservation treatments show that less costly preservation treatments were selected for the most segments of the network when the priority of optimization was given to the objective of minimization agency cost. The treatments that have higher effectiveness on pavement condition were selected for the most segments of the network when the objective of minimization CO2 emission is the main objective compared to the other objective.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Israa Fadhil Jasim AL-Saad
Konsep sastera Islam oleh Siddiq Fadhil = The concept of Islamic literature according to Siddiq Fadhil
No full textThis study relates to the concept of Islamic literature that was propagated by Prof. Dato’ Dr. Siddiq Fadhil. He has brought a new point of view in the world of literature which is the combination of Islamic literature and Maqasid al Shariah which is a part of al Tahsiniyat. He also set 4 conditions in order to produce an Islamic literature, first: the author of Islamic literature must be a Muslim. Second: that Muslim must live in the religion with real application because through the application, it will create an Islamic literature. Third: Islamic literature must bring the meaning to the devotion of God. Fourth: the Islamic literature must also be beneficial to all the creations of God. In addition, he also not ignoring the two main aspects of a literary: form and theme. Besides, he denied the Art for Art and Art for Society because these two creeds that are not realistic and just illusions
Analisis Rules Intrusion Detection Prevention System (IDPS) Suricata untuk Mendeteksi dan Menangkal Aktivitas Crypto Mining pada Jaringan
No full textPerkembangan teknologi informasi sangat pesat khususnya perkembangan pada sektor finansial dalam hal ini adalah mata uang kripto. Salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan aset mata uang kripto adalah dengan melakukan penambangan mata uang kripto. Hal tersebut dapat memicu penyerang untuk membuat suatu aplikasi berbahaya yang disisipkan pada server perusahaan atau instansi, dan membuat aplikasi tersebut melakukan aktivitas penambangan mata uang kripto. Oleh karena itu sistem keamanan jaringan pada suatu instansi atau perusahaan harus menerapkan pengamanan tambahan dalam hal ini adalah Intrusion Detection Prevention System (IDPS) yang digunakan sebagai sistem pendeteksi serta penangkalan aktivitas berbahaya pada jaringan, salah satunya adalah penambangan mata uang kripto. Adapun aplikasi IDPS yang dapat diimplementasikan pada jaringan instansi atau perusahaan adalah Suricata. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis rules IDPS Suricata dalam mendeteksi dan menangkal aktivitas penambangan mata uang kripto pada jaringan. Terdapat 2 jenis simulasi yang dilakukan yaitu dengan membandingkan default rules dengan custom rules yang dibuat untuk mendeteksi dan menangkal aktivitas penambangan 10 jenis mata uang kripto diantaranya Ethereum (ETH), Conflux (CFX), Bitcoin Gold (BTG), Ethereum Classic (ETC), Monero (XMR), TON, AION, Zcash (ZEC), FLUX dan Raven (RVN). Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi perhitungan nilai accuracy, precision, recall, dan f-measure. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa custom rules yang dibuat dan diimplementasikan untuk mendeteksi dan menangkal aktivitas penambangan mata uang kripto memiliki peningkatan nilai accuracy sebesar 0,2%, nilai recall sebesar 48,94%, dan nilai f-measure sebesar 32,39% dari default rules Suricata
Modules water quality of the Gharraf River in southern Iraq
No full textAbstract: Water sources provide quantities of water suitable for drinking or after treatment. We used mathematical indices to know the quality and sweetness of the Gharraf River, which is one of the important branches of the Tigris. The period of the study were one year from (2015-2016) with monthly measurements. The results of the measurements and the evaluating the river water was good for drinking at the first station, and low in stations 4, 3, 2, and in station 5, it is very low, without taking the turbidity. The water indicators of the river as unfit for drinking through the pipes. Overall, the study emphasized the importance of using indicators of freshness and water quality to help the population in the region to take more care of water quality.
Keywords: water quality, Gharraf River, chemical, physical, biological, WQI.
Title: Modules water quality of the Gharraf River in southern Iraq
Author: Zaid Mohammad, Fatima ali abdulhussein, Noor fadhil neamah
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
ISSN 2394-966X
Vol. 9, Issue 6, November 2022 - December 2022
Page No: 22-27
Novelty Journals
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published Date: 17-November-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7330118
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Modules%20water%20quality%20of%20the%20Gharraf%20River-17112022-3.pdfInternational Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences, ISSN 2394-966X, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.co
Development of C60 Electron Transport Layer and Optical Analysis of Perovskite Absorber Material for Semi-transparent Perovskite Solar Cells Application
No full textPerovskite materials gain a huge interest in the photovoltaic (PV) community due to its unique characteristics, including long carrier diffusion length, widely tunable bandgap, light absorption potential, and low processing cost. Nowadays, most perovskite fabrication methods employ a solution-based process due to its simplicity and production speed. However, this deposition method provides a non-uniform structure and uses highly toxic solvents, posing the risk of contamination and adverse effects on the environment. On the other hand, a solvent-free method like thermal evaporation can produce a uniform and conformal layer. This method can be used to produce not only the perovskite absorber layer but also the contact layers and transport layers. Depending on the deposition parameters, the resulting morphological properties also change. Therefore, it becomes interesting to understand the detailed knowledge of the film growth and the effects of the deposition parameters on the exact kinetics and the optical properties. Hence, the first objective of this study focuses on developing C60 electron transport layers (ETL) for application in all-evaporated perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The C60 thin film was deposited with different thicknesses of 20, 30, 40 nm and deposition rates 0.3, 0.5, and 1 Å/s on top of the silicon wafer substrate. The resulting surface morphology is obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It indicates that C60 with 40 nm thickness and 0.3 Å/s deposition rate shows a pinhole-free layer with an average surface roughness of 1.05 nm and thickness uniformity of more than 94%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement shows that decrease of peak intensity as the thickness is reduced from 40 to 20 nm. Moreover, with different deposition rates, 1 Å/s of deposition rate exhibits an asymmetric broadening peak which attributes to the small grain size and the presence of a planar defect in the structure of C60. The optical analysis has also been performed to get the complex refractive index C60 and identify the effect of deposition rates and layer thicknesses on optical constants. A procedure to extract optical constant for the perovskite absorber layer has been developed during this thesis project using a combination approach of b-spline and Tauc-Lorentz dispersion model. The obtained results were found to be in excellent agreement with experimental work and literature data. Furthermore, the complete solar cells with p-i-n configuration and semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) were optically simulated using GenPro4 software. This simulation aims to identify both the photocurrent density of the perovskite absorber layer and the optical losses caused by parasitic absorption in the supporting layers. In the p-i-n structure, ITO and MoOx layer located on the illuminated side contribute to the main portion of optical loss. Simulations suggest that 40-nm-thick ITO and 10-nm-thick MoOx is an ideal layer stack to deliver high implied photocurrent (22.14 mA/cm2). On the other hand, the optical loss in semi-transparent perovskite solar cells is investigated in two different wavelength regions (i) 300 – 800 nm and (ii) 800 – 1200 nm. In this investigation, the metal back contact is replaced with ITO and cells illuminated from the ETL side. The results show that, in the first wavelength range, the main optical losses are due to reflection, parasitic absorption in the C60 and top ITO layer. These losses are reduced by applying 120-nm-thick anti-reflective coating MgF2 and decreasing the thickness of C60 to 10 nm. Moreover, in the wavelength region of 800 – 1200 nm, the optical losses are mainly affected by the top and bottom ITO, MoOx layer, and reflected light. After optimizing top ITO and MgF2 thickness to 50 and 120 nm, respectively, a 17.07 mA/cm2 of photocurrent transmitted through the cells can be achieved. The light transmittance is ~88%, indicating the potential of semi-transparent perovskite solar cells to be applied in perovskite/silicon tandem devices. Materials Science and Engineerin
Wind Turbine Design for a Hybrid System: with the emphasis on generation complementarity
No full textThe global issue on global warming leads nations to reduce their carbon emission, and one way to do it is by decarbonising the power system and employing higher penetration of renewable energy technology. However, due to the variable nature of renewable energy, their integration to the power system poses challenges to the utilities and system operators. Hybrid power system, due to its feature of complementary generations, serves as one of the option to answer the integration issues. This research studies the optimisation of a hybrid power system, consisting of a wind turbine and solar PV, by designing the wind turbine that operates in such systems. The design approach of the wind turbine design emphasises the complementary generation feature of the hybrid power system, which is conducted by optimising the wind generation for times when the output power from the solar PV are low. Thus, the wind turbine design considers the diurnal and seasonal variation. The diurnal turbine design is optimised for the night-time, and the seasonal turbine design is optimised for the low solar irradiance season. The wind turbine design is focused on the conceptual design phase with the objective of rotor diameter optimisation that generates electricity with the lowest cost. The cost function employed is taken from the NREL mass and cost model with additional adjustment, due to the different scaling approach. The data for the design process is obtained from a case study to represent real generation data, and the chosen location is Muppandal, India. The research aims to identify the impact of the specific operational conditions on the design parameters and the design result. Subsequently, the impact on the system performance is observed by modelling the hybrid power system in different topologies that include zero-curtailment, grid-constrained and demand load-supplying topology. The result on the site condition indicates that the affected important design parameters include wind speed distribution, wind shear profile and turbulence intensity. The research limits the analysis only on the wind speed distribution and the wind shear profile. The site condition analysis of the case study indicates that the diurnal variation of the wind speed distribution is similar to the full-year wind speed distribution and the seasonal variation that consider the season with low solar irradiance coincide with the low wind speed season. In zero-curtailment topology, higher wind speed distribution leads to smaller optimum rotor diameter and vice versa. In the grid-constrained and demand load supplying topology, larger rotor diameter suffers from curtailment due to the limited grid capacity and low demand load level. This condition leads to the shifts of optimum rotor diameter to the smaller rotor. The level of curtailment is higher in the demand load-supplying topology due to the overall lower evacuation capacity. When the night-time design and low-wind speed period design is fully operated in a year, the wind turbines are not operating at its optimum, and higher cost of electricity is expected. This result implies the higher cost for designs that correspond to the diurnal and seasonal variation. The storage system is applied to save the curtailment of wind energy. The result of this analysis suggests that the relationship between the amount of saved curtailment and the capacity of the storage is linear for higher storage capacity (<10%) and non-linear at lower storage capacity. It is found that the first few additions of storage yield the most cost-efficient of curtailment saving. The cost and benefit analysis of the storage system also indicates that the current cost of the storage technology is not compensated by the benefit of evacuating the curtailment.Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technolog
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI YANG MENERAPKAN SKEMA PONZI SEBAGAI MODUS OPERANDI DALAM KEGIATAN PENGHIMPUNAN DANA MASYARAKAT
No full textM. Fadhil A.N., Dr. Bambang Sugiri SH, M.S., Mufatikhatul Farikhah, SH. M.H.Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya. [email protected]  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi yang menerapkan skema ponzi sebagai modus operandi dalam kegiatan penghimpunan dana masyarakat. Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis yaitu penelitian yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan skema ponzi merupakan tindak pidana dan pelakunya dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana. Dalam hal skema ponzi diterapkan oleh korporasi, maka korporasi tersebut dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana berdasarkan dengаn аdаnyа doktrin-doktrin tentаng pertаnggungjаwаbаn pidаnа korporаsi, yаitu dengаn Teori Pelаku Fungsionаl dаn Doktrin Vicаrious Liаbility. Kemudiаn untuk menjerаt pidаnа korporаsi, dаpаt digunаkаn pаsаl 378 Kitаb Undаng-Undаng Hukum Pidаnа sebаgаi predicаte crimes аtаu tindаk pidаnа аsаl, Juncto pаsаl 5 dаn 6 Undаng-Undаng Nomor 8 Tаhun 2010 tentаng Pencegаhаn dаn Pemberаntаsаn Tindаk Pidаnа Pencuciаn uаng sebаgаi kejаhаtаn аtаu tindаk pidаnа lаnjutаnnyа. Terkаit dengаn unsur kesаlаhаn di dаlаm pаsаl 378 KUHP mаupun pаsаl 5 Undаng-Undаng Pencegаhаn dаn Pemberаntаsаn Pencuciаn Uаng, mаkа dаpаt digunаkаn pаsаl 4 аyаt 2 Perаturаn Mаhkаmаh Ðgung Nomor 13 Tаhun 2016. Kata Kunci: Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi, Skema Ponzi, Penghimpunan Dana Masyarakat.  ABSTRACT This research is aimed to look more into the liability regarding corporate crime where ponzi scheme is applied as a mode of operation to raise fund from people. This research employed normative juridical method. The author has learned that ponzi scheme practice is considered a crime with liability according to existing doctrines related with corporate crime liability: theory of functional criminal and vicarious liability doctrine. To punish the criminal, judges could refer to Article 378 of Criminal Code as predicate crimes, jo Article 5 and 6 of Act Number 8 of 2010 concerning Eradication and Prevention of Money Laundering as further/following crime. Since there is awareness that there is an issue in Article 378 of Criminal Code and in Article 5 of Act concerning Eradication and Prevention of Money Laundering Practices, then Article 4 Paragraph 2 of Supreme Court Regulation Number 13 of 2016 can come as an alternative. Keywords: corporate crime liability, ponzi scheme, fund raised from peopl
Characterizing the 3D interactions of the base-pair stems and helices in RNA molecules
No full textCharacterizing RNA structure experimentally is a challenging task. Computational methods complement experimental methods. In this thesis, we study, using software tools such as DSSR, Matlab, and Excel, the three-dimensional structures of a group of non-redundant RNA structures. These structures are those identifiers as Leontis and Zirbel at January 2017 [1], and the relevant coordinates for these structures downloaded from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) [2]. Specifically, we find the angles between all pairs of chemically linked double helical stems in each of the RNA structures, the distances between the mid points between all these stems, and the distributions for the calculated angles and distances. Additionally, we separate the above calculations to consider stems within the same helix. A helix is composed of at least two stacked base pairs and these base pairs are not necessarily chemically linked. The third part contains these calculations separated for stems in different helices. Based on these calculations, the stems in the same helix can be classified into two groups. The first group has small angles and mid distance among its stems. The stems all lie in the same direction. In the second group, the angle is large, while the distance is small, which means that the stem directions are opposite to each other. There are different probability density functions that fit closely to the data histograms. While the details are given in Chapter 3, the fitted probability density functions confirm that the proposed classification methods are correct. Finally, we plot the distribution of stems lengths to find that the lengths interacting stems tend to be of equal lengths and that interacting stems are more likely to be shorter.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Zainab Fadhi
Proposed Business Strategy for "Routes" in Order to Penetrate Existing Marketing
No full textAbstract.Routes are a start up company that was founded by 5 sport enthusiast. They see an opportunity on the current market where number of people embracing sports as a lifestyle choice were in increasing. However, as a new player they facing a difficulties to penetrate the current market since all well known brand has high market share and has strong position in the market. To address these issue and formulate the suitable strategy for the future growth of Routes Company, author use qualitative data through observation, interview and literature study. By implementing external and internal analysis they encapsulate SWOT for Routes Company. Factors in the SWOT are used in the calculation of EFAS and IFAS then applied to the IE matrix and it shows that Routes positioned in cell number five called Hold and Maintain. In Hold and Maintain strategy, they have two alternative strategy than later author used QSPM matrix to show prefered strategy which end with market penetration. Author also using Porter’s Generic Strategy to determine business level strategy and TOWS matrix for functional strategy. Business Model Canvas are used to elaborate the solution. In implementing the strategy, the author formulated some short term and long term action plan on for market penetration.Keyword: business strategy, sport apparel, business model canvas Â
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