1,720,999 research outputs found
La serie stratigrafica della falesia del litorale di levante di Trani (BAT) per la ricostruzione delle dinamiche di trasformazione e insediamento della costa adriatica pugliese
No full textAn archaeological and morpho-stratigraphic study of Pleistocene and Holocene deposits cropping out along the coast of Trani (Adriatic coast of Apulia, southern Italy) has been recently carried out, when Trani City Council started with works aimed at protecting its eastern coastal cliff by building hard structures such as revetments. Two distinct archaeological phases of occupation of the area have been recognised, clearly separated by paleosols, and dated respectably to the Middle Neolithic (Serra d’Alto facies) and to the Early Bronze Age periods. Palaeonvinonmental analysis show in particular that the actual coastal Middle Neolithic structure (only 2 m in elevation) was originally located on flat surfaces, close to a fluvial incision, at about 10 m in elevation, sloping down towards the Adriatic se
Cambiamenti climatici ed interazioni uomo-ambiente in Puglia durante il Neolitico
No full textthe human/environment interactions are crucial to the understanding of cultural and social dynamics, particularly concerning the earliest farmers. this study allowed us to define the main human/environment dynamics between 6,200 and 3,700 bC in the neolithic of the apulia region, considering paleoclimatological, paleoenvironmental and paleoeconomic data at the regional and the mediterranean scale. Following a multidisciplinary approach, we compared the neolithic settlement patterns in the different sub-areas of apulia, as evidenced by archaeological researches, with paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic information from natural off-shore and off-site archives. We then analysed archaeobotanical data (plant macroremains) gathered from 35 archaeological sites from vii and iv millennium bC. the interdisciplinary approach allowed us to define climate characters of the studied time span (mainly temperature and rainfall) and their influence on human adaptation strategies highlighted by settlement patterns and agricultural practices
A critical review of the anthropological and paleopathological literature on osteopetrosis as an ancient rare disease (ARD)
Full text linkObjective: A reappraisal of the available evidence of osteopetrosis in the archaeological record as first step in promoting new approaches to rare diseases in paleopathology.Materials and methods: Three different approaches are combined: a survey of the last 50 years of bioarchaeological publications; an online search addressing six of the more widely used search engines; macroscopic and radiographic analyses of the human remains from the Neolithic site of Palata 2 (Italy). Results: The combined results of the literature survey and the online search identified six cases of osteopetrosis. The majority of search hits place this disease into differential diagnoses. The investigation of the remains from Palata 2, one of the six cases in literature, indicates a non-specific sclerosis of the cranial vault.Conclusions: Of the six cases of osteopetrosis, only two, one of the autosomal-recessive type (ARO) and one of the autosomal-dominant type (ADO), are supported by direct osteoarchaeological evidence. Therefore, inaccurate differential diagnoses generate an inflated number of cases in the paleopathological record.Significance: This reappraisal calls for a more informed and evidence-based approach to osteopetrosis and, more generally, to rare diseases in paleopathology.Limitations: Lack of specific publications on osteopetrosis; more case studies may be present in "gray literature". Suggestions for further research: Cases of osteopetrosis from archaeological and historical collections as well as medical literature are needed to increase knowledge about this rare disease. More precise differential diagnoses are required, particularly when dealing with rare diseases
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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