173,044 research outputs found
Platessa arborea C. Radhakrishnan, S. Sherly & B. Karthick 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPlatessa arborea C. Radhakrishnan, S. Sherly & B. Karthick sp. nov. (Figs 1–67, Fig. 9 represents the holotype) LM Description (Figs 1–60):—Valve elliptical with narrowly rounded apices. Raphe-sternum valve (RSV): Length: 6.5–9.5 µm, width: 3.5–4.5 µm, ratio length/width: 1.6–2.2 (n = 60). Axial area narrow and hardly discernible, visible only near center of the valve; central area nearly rectangular shape, bordered by 2–3 shorter striae frequently more widely spaced. Striae radiate throughout the valve, 22–24 in 10 µm. Raphe slightly filiform expanded proximal raphe endings. Sternum valve (SV): wide axial area, Length: 6.0–9.0 µm, width: 3.5–4.5 µm. Striae densely arranged 22–24 in 10 µm, parallel at centre, radiate towards apices. SEM Description (Figs 61–67):—Raphe-sternum valve (RSV): Externally, raphe filiform, slight curvature found near ends (Figs 61 & 63). Proximal raphe ends positioned in a broadened shallow groove, distal raphe located in the shallow groove with cone-shaped endings, and both ends slightly bend to the same side (Fig. 61). Striae mostly uniseriate; however found biseriate at 2–3 striae near apices. (Fig. 61). Areolae, apically slit-like throughout the valve, only at the center of the valve it is round-shaped towards axial area (Fig. 61). Internally, proximal raphe ends are strongly hooked, a very remarkable feature which is infrequent in other Platessa species, and its distal ends are curved on opposite sides, terminating in well-developed helictoglossae (Figs 64, 65). Striae lowered between raised virgae. Width of the interstriae is wider than the striae. Striae internally rectangular to round in shape and mostly covered with hymen (Figs 64, 65). An apparent depression is observed on the central nodule (Figs 64, 65). Sternum valve (SV), externally, axial area covered with several irregular shape depressions distributed on the surface of the valve (Fig. 62). Striae uniseriate, however, found biseriate at more than 10 striae near the valve mantle (Fig. 62). Interstriae is raised, and the width of striae is unequal (Fig. 62). Internally, axial area is flat and features are not easily visible (Fig. 66). Biseriate striae found near the mantle with hymenated areolae. Interstriae raised its width slightly more than the striae (Fig. 67). Holotype (designated here):—Slide #58/55, Sample #2878; deposited at the Diatom Collection, Agharkar Research Institute Herbarium (AHMA), Pune, India. Type locality:— INDIA, Sikkim, composite tree moss sample collected on 22 November 2019 on the way to Khecheopalri Lake, West Sikkim district (27.34829 °N, 88.19187 °E; elevation 1794 m a.s.l.) by Radhakrishnan Cheran. Etymology:—Named after the habitat (tree) on which it was found. In Latin, the tree is called an Arbor.Published as part of Sherly, Sheena, Radhakrishnan, Cheran & Karthick, Balasubramanian, 2022, Platessa arborea sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae): A new tree moss dwelling diatom from the Eastern Himalayas, India, pp. 151-158 in Phytotaxa 552 (2) on pages 152-153, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/669098
A new species of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India
No full textGururaja, Kotambylu Vasudeva, Palot, Muhamed Jafer, Radhakrishnan, C (2007): A new species of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 1621: 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17921
Sluggishness in the phase transformation in solid C<SUB>70</SUB>
No full textIn an earlier paper [G. Ghosh, V.S. Sastry, C.S. Sundar, T.S. Radhakrishnan, Solid State Commun. 105 (1998) 247] we have reported that at low temperatures the ideal hcp (c/a~1.63) solid C70transforms to a monoclinic structure, in a single step. The transition is broadened over a temperature interval of about 100 K, for a cooling rate ~0.0033 K/min, indicating the coexistence of two phases in this temperature range. The width of broadening is cooling-rate dependent [G. Ghosh, V.S. Sastry, C.S. Sundar, S. Sengupta, T.S. Radhakrishnan, Phys. Rev. B 58 (1998) 14 094]. We have observed experimentally that the transition from hcp to monoclinic in the solid C70 is sluggish which may cause the broadening in the transition. Our mean-field calculation in this paper, using the Landau free energy functional, indicates that the sluggishness originates from the growing interface due to the elastic strain between the two phases
Viral and fungal inhibitors
No full textWSU inventors: Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan, William C. GroutasApplication No: 13/120,610 filed September 23, 2009. Patent No: US 20110301208 A1 granted December 8, 2011.Novel classes of viral and fungal inhibitors are disclosed. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, and/or ameliorating viral infections such as, for example, Hepatitis C Virus, West Nile Virus, Dengue Virus, and Japanese Encephalitis Virus, and fungal infections such as, for example, candidiasis
Hick and Radhakrishnan on Religious Diversity: Back to the Kantian Noumenon
No full textWe shall examine some conceptual tensions in Hick’s ‘pluralism’ in the light of S. Radhakrishnan’s reformulation of classical Advaita. Hick himself often quoted Radhakrishnan’s translations from the Hindu scriptures in support of his own claims about divine ineffability, transformative experience and religious pluralism. However, while Hick developed these themes partly through an adaptation of Kantian epistemology, Radhakrishnan derived them ultimately from Śaṁkara (c.800 CE), and these two distinctive points of origin lead to somewhat different types of reconstruction of the diversity of world religions. Our argument will highlight the point that Radhakrishnan is not a ‘pluralist’ in terms of Hick’s understanding of the Real. The Advaitin ultimate, while it too like Hick’s Real cannot be encapsulated by human categories, is, however, not strongly ineffable, because some substantive descriptions, according to the Advaitic tradition, are more accurate than others. Our comparative analysis will reveal that they differ because they are located in two somewhat divergent metaphysical schemes. In turn, we will be able to revisit, through this dialogue between Hick and Radhakrishnan, the intensely vexed question of whether Hick’s version of pluralism is in fact a form of covert exclusivism
Proprotein Convertases Process and Thereby Inactivate Formylglycine-generating Enzyme
No full textEnnemann E, Radhakrishnan K, Mariappan M, et al. Proprotein Convertases Process and Thereby Inactivate Formylglycine-generating Enzyme. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2013;288(8):5828-5839.Formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) post-translationally converts a specific cysteine in newly synthesized sulfatases to formylglycine (FGly). FGly is the key catalytic residue of the sulfatase family, comprising 17 nonredundant enzymes in human that play essential roles in development and homeostasis. FGE, a resident protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, is also secreted. A major fraction of secreted FGE is N-terminally truncated, lacking residues 34-72. Here we demonstrate that this truncated form is generated intracellularly by limited proteolysis mediated by proprotein convertase(s) (PCs) along the secretory pathway. The cleavage site is represented by the sequence RYSR72 down arrow, a motif that is conserved in higher eukaryotic FGEs, implying important functionality. Residues Arg-69 and Arg-72 are critical because their mutation abolishes FGE processing. Furthermore, residues Tyr-70 and Ser-71 confer an unusual property to the cleavage motif such that endogenous as well as overexpressed FGE is only partially processed. FGE is cleaved by furin, PACE4, and PC5a. Processing is disabled in furin-deficient cells but fully restored upon transient furin expression, indicating that furin is the major protease cleaving FGE. Processing by endogenous furin occurs mostly intracellularly, although also extracellular processing is observed in HEK293 cells. Interestingly, the truncated form of secreted FGE no longer possesses FGly-generating activity, whereas the unprocessed form of secreted FGE is active. As always both forms are secreted, we postulate that furin-mediated processing of FGE during secretion is a physiological means of higher eukaryotic cells to regulate FGE activity upon exit from the endoplasmic reticulum
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rapid degradation of an active formylglycine generating enzyme variant leads to a late infantile severe form of multiple sulfatase deficiency
No full textSchlotawa L, Radhakrishnan K, Baumgartner M, et al. Rapid degradation of an active formylglycine generating enzyme variant leads to a late infantile severe form of multiple sulfatase deficiency. European Journal Of Human Genetics. 2013;21(9):1020-1023.Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is a rare inborn error of metabolism affecting posttranslational activation of sulfatases by the formylglycine generating enzyme (FGE). Due to mutations in the encoding SUMF1 gene, FGE's catalytic capacity is impaired resulting in reduced cellular sulfatase activities. Both, FGE protein stability and residual activity determine disease severity and have previously been correlated with the clinical MSD phenotype. Here, we report a patient with a late infantile severe course of disease. The patient is compound heterozygous for two so far undescribed SUMF1 mutations, c.156delC (p.C52fsX57) and c.390A>T (p.E130D). In patient fibroblasts, mRNA of the frameshift allele is undetectable. In contrast, the allele encoding FGE-E130D is expressed. FGE-E130D correctly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and has a very high residual molecular activity in vitro (55% of wildtype FGE); however, it is rapidly degraded. Thus, despite substantial residual enzyme activity, protein instability determines disease severity, which highlights that potential MSD treatment approaches should target protein folding and stabilization mechanisms
Tight Bounds for Communication-Assisted Agreement Distillation
No full textSuppose Alice holds a uniformly random string X in {0,1}^N and Bob holds a noisy version Y of X where each bit of X is flipped independently with probability epsilon in [0,1/2]. Alice and Bob would like to extract a common random string of min-entropy at least k. In this work, we establish the communication versus success probability trade-off for this problem by giving a protocol and a matching lower bound (under the restriction that the string to be agreed upon is determined by Alice's input X). Specifically, we prove that in order for Alice and Bob to agree on a common string with probability 2^{-gamma k} (gamma k >= 1), the optimal communication (up to o(k) terms, and achievable for large N) is precisely (C *(1-gamma) - 2 * sqrt{ C * (1-C) gamma}) * k, where C := 4 * epsilon * (1-epsilon). In particular, the optimal communication to achieve Omega(1) agreement probability approaches 4 * epsilon * (1-epsilon) * k.
We also consider the case when Y is the output of the binary erasure channel on X, where each bit of Y equals the corresponding bit of X with probability 1-epsilon and is otherwise erased (that is, replaced by a "?"). In this case, the communication required becomes (epsilon * (1-gamma) - 2 * sqrt{ epsilon * (1-epsilon) * gamma}) * k. In particular, the optimal communication to achieve Omega(1) agreement probability approaches epsilon * k, and with no communication the optimal agreement probability approaches 2^{- (1-sqrt{1-epsilon})/(1+sqrt{1-epsilon}) * k}.
Our protocols are based on covering codes and extend the approach of (Bogdanov and Mossel, 2011) for the zero-communication case. Our lower bounds rely on hypercontractive inequalities. For the model of bit-flips, our argument extends the approach of (Bogdanov and Mossel, 2011) by allowing communication; for the erasure model, to the best of our knowledge the needed hypercontractivity statement was not studied before, and it was established (given our application) by (Nair and Wang 2015). We also obtain information complexity lower bounds for these tasks, and together with our protocol, they shed light on the recently popular "most informative Boolean function" conjecture of Courtade and Kumar
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