1,721,026 research outputs found
Nutritional support in acute pancreatitis
No full textThis paper reviews the current practice of nutritional support in acute pancreatitis. Appropriate interventions depend on the severity and duration of the pancreatitis and its complications. Current trends are away from restriction of oral or enteral intake, instead preferring this route to parenteral administration if possible. The role of the gut mucosal barrier in the pathogensis of the systemic response in pancreatitis has led to attempts to use enteral nutritional support to prevent complications, in addition to meeting nutritional needs in patients with long-term severe illness. Many clinicians believe that the management of acute pancreatitis should start from the concept of "pancreatic rest." Based on a simple understanding of pancreatic physiology and a belief that further stimulation of the pancreas during an attack of pancreatitis would exacerbate the inflammatory process by releasing more enzymes, traditional teaching has been that it is necessary to avoid all oral intake to prevent any inappropriate stimulation of pancreatic enzyme production. Accordingly, patients with acute pancreatitis are often deprived of enteral nutrition, and may be given intravenous parenteral nutritional support. Such an approach to nutritional support needs to be revised, since evidence emerging from many recent studies consistently indicates that an enteral route of nutrition is far superior
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Novel heart valve prosthesis with self-endothelialization potential made of modified polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-nanocomposite material
No full textIn the cardiovascular system, the endothelial layer provides a natural antithrombogenic surface on the inner portion of the heart and associated vessels. For a synthetic material therefore, the ability to attract and retain endothelial or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), ultimately creating a single endothelial layer on its surface, is of prime importance. The authors have developed a nanocomposite polymer, based on a combination of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles and polycarbonate urea urethane (POSS-PCU), which is biocompatible and has been used in human for the world's first synthetic trachea, tear duct, and bypass graft. In this study, the authors modified the surface of this casted nanocomposite by grafting fibronectin derived bioactive peptides [glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-glycine (GRGDG) and lauric acid conjugated GRGDG (GRGDG-LA)] to enhance the endothelialization for using heart valves leaflets from circulating EPCs. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated using Ficoll-Paque centrifugation, with harvested EPCs purified using CD34 microbead labeling and magnetic-activated cell sorting. Cells were seeded onto 96 well plates coated with POSS-PCU, GRGDG/GRGDG-LA modified POSS-PCU and PCU polymers, for a period of 21 days. Cells were studied under light, confocal, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to analyze cell surface markers. Cell attachment and proliferation was observed in all POSS-PCU samples, significantly higher than the activity seen within the control PCU polymers (p < 0.05). Microscopic examination revealed clonal expansion and morphological changes in cells seeded on POSS-PCU. The cells expressed increasing levels of mature endothelial cell markers over time with a concurrent reduction in hematopoietic stem cell marker expression. SEM showed a mixed population of morphologically differentiated endothelial cells and EPCs. These results support the use of heart valve made with the POSS-PCU polymer and demonstrate that suitable chemical modification of this nanocomposite could increase self-endothelialization potential and reduce associated thrombotic events
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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