1,720,952 research outputs found
Magnesium uit zeewater door electrolyse van gesmolten MgCL2
No full textDocument(en) uit de collectie Chemische Procestechnologie Deel I zie: Rademaker, R., Chemical Process Design 1085DelftChemTechApplied Science
Fabrieksschema betreffende de "Bereiding van Magnesium uit Zeewater": Deel I
No full textDocument(en) uit de collectie Chemische Procestechnologie Deel II zie: Deeg, J.F., Chemical Process Design 1101DelftChemTechApplied Science
Container Terminal Automation: Feasibility of terminal automation for mid-sized terminals
No full textContainers have become the standard for unitised cargo transport. In the past two decades, the emergence of the global economy has caused a boom in the volume of containers transported by sea. Maritime container transport can be divided into a global network of major shipping routes and numerous regional, short-sea services. In ports, container terminals link the different shipping lines and provide the intermodal connection between the maritime and continental transportation networks. On the major shipping routes, very large container ships operate the intercontinental services. Container terminals in gateway and hub ports, along these routes, annually handle throughputs of over 500,000 TEU. The majority of these terminals is owned and operated by so called global terminal operators (GTO) that own and operate many terminals worldwide. Regional and short-sea services between regional and minor ports in the periphery of the network are operated by smaller vessels. For the majority of terminals in these ports, annual throughput is much less. Local, single terminal operators (STO) generally operate these container terminals. Public sector involvement is often large. Shipping lines are pressuring both larger and smaller terminals, to increase the level of services offered and, at the same time, reduce handling costs. Labour expenses take up a large part of those handling costs. For large terminals automated container handling has proven itself as a reliable and effective way to reduce operational costs. Especially in Europe, small and medium sized terminals face heavy competition. The number of ports that compete for the same hinterland is increasing. To stay ahead of the competition, terminals are forced to offer a very high level of services. Meanwhile, flexible routes of regional services makes business development forecasts uncertain. Investment risks are therefore high in this capital intensive industry. As a result conservativeness is considered a virtue among small and medium sized terminal operators, and scepticism towards innovative technology is widespread. The goal of this study is to inventory "off-the-shelf" automated container handling equipment and study the feasibility of automated container handling in small and medium sized terminals.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
Characterizing and modelling the perpendicular to the grain mode-I fracture process of (tropical) hardwood
No full textThe demand to build with wood and other bio-based materials has increased rapidly the last decade, due to the ambition to build more with sustainable building materials. One of the major challenges in building with wood, is to account for the lower strength and stiffness perpendicular to the grain. Wood is an anisotropic material, meaning the material has different properties in different directions. Loading in the perpendicular to the grain direction is sometimes unavoidable and fracture often occurs in a brittle manner. Unfortunately, our understanding and knowledge of the perpendicular to the grain fracture is limited. This is especially the case for hardwoods, for which the material properties and the parameters important for the fracture process are often unknown. The goal of this thesis is to reduce this knowledge gap on the material properties and the relevant parameters in mode-I (pure tension) fracture process of (tropical) hardwood. The knowledge gained in this research provides the answer to the main research question of this thesis: Which parameters should be considered when describing the constitutive model of a (tropical) hardwood in mode-I tension? A single-end notch three-point bending (SEN-TPB) test demonstrated a strong influence of the orientation of the growth rings on the perpendicular to the grain fracture process of azobé. The value for the peak load and post-peak behaviour change significantly depending on the orientation in which the sample is placed. Furthermore, visual observations and results from a profilometer revealed that there is an inconsistency in the roughness of the cracked surface area between the different series. From the microscopic analysis is concluded that this inconsistency in general mechanical behaviour and the roughness of the cracked surface area is linked to the composition of ray and parenchyma cells. Moreover, the direction of the ray and parenchyma cells with respect to the fracture plane is different depending on the orientation of the sample. When the ray cells are orientated perpendicular to the crack plane, a higher strength is obtained. The thin-walled parenchyma cells significantly reduce the post-elastic stiffness if these cells are orientated perpendicular to the crack plane. The influence of the composition and orientation of both cells is reflected in the numerical value for the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength and the fracture energy. This research showed that the composition of the cells in a wood specie and the orientation in which the growth rings are placed significantly influence the mode-I fracture process of a hardwood. This influence is reflected in the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength, the fracture energy and the shape of the tension softening curve perpendicular to the grain. The results of this research provide new insight into the fracture modelling of hardwood. Both in numerical modelling and design considerations the variation in the material properties because of the orientation of the growth rings, should not be neglected.Civil Engineering | Structural Engineering | Structural Mechanic
Modelling both local and national effects of construction and operation of the Pwalugu Multipurpose Dam
No full textPolicy Analysi
Hinders for Eco-friendly Media Selection
Full text linkThis study shows that, despite organizations claiming to care for the green environment through documented environmental policies, marketing communication such as advertising media selection does not seem to be much guided by green environmental concerns. Problems with consistency and control thus seem to exist between companies’ ideas/decisions (documented environmental policies) and their actions (advertising media selection), causing the need for justification and/or hypocrisy. This study adds to prior research on the non-use of models in practice by showing that the non-use of models also exists among marketing managers when selecting advertising media for marketing communication purposes. It was found that 64 percent of the marketing managers do not make use of media selection models. In the attempt to investigate differences in the factors guiding media selection between marketing managers who use media selection models (users) and those who do not use any model (non-users), it was found that the users take a medium’s eco-friendly characteristics less into consideration than the non-users. The paper discusses that the use of models can be viewed as attempts for making more rational decisions. The findings thus suggest that rational decision-making (users) may hinder eco-friendly media selection while non-rationality (non-users) may develop more powerful organizational ideologies such as acting responsibly towards the green environment. However, this study points out a link between the use of media selection models, previous experience and rules of thumb, i.e. the users tend to make more use of previous experience and rules of thumb than the non-users. Thus, the author argues that a new approach to model use may be needed and that the media selection should not be too much influenced by the marketing managers’ previous experience and rules of thumb. Otherwise, new factors may be overlooked such as consumers’ increasing concern for the green environment in relation to consumer advertising media attitudes. Previous studies have found that current approaches to marketing planning pay too little attention to the impact of technological advances on changes in consumer media habits. Thereby the risk may exist for focusing on mainly conventional media and not selecting “new media”. The present study seems to contradict these previous findings by showing that the selection of “new media” such as media using the Internet was found among the most selected advertising media by both the users and non-users for the two communication objectives studied, i.e. brand-building and to increase sales. Thus, the results indicate that while the marketing managers adapt their media selection to changes in technological media advances they tend to overlook consumers’ increasing concern for the green environment and the environmental aspect of advertising media. The results also show differences among the marketing managers in their selection of advertising media. At the same time as the non-users tend to be more precise with the recycling of paper, they are more inclined to select paper-based media such as catalogues and brochures than the users. The users on the other hand, tend to select more electronic media such as TV, radio and cinema than the non-users. In the attempt to explain the factors guiding media selection and in particular to what extent the environmental aspect of advertising media is considered, green environmental responsibility attitudes (GERA) of the users and non-users are assessed.Media Selection; Advertising; Green Environment; Marketing Managers; Models; Green Environmental Responsibility Attitude (GERA); Rationality; Non-rationality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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