121,832 research outputs found
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Knowledge and attitudes towards maternal immunization: Perspectives from pregnant and non-pregnant mothers, their partners, mothers, healthcare providers, community and leaders in a selected urban setting in South Africa
No full textBackground: Maternal immunization has prevented millions of child deaths globally; nevertheless, incomplete vaccination remains a public health concern in South Africa, where almost half of child deaths occur during neonatal period. This study explored the knowledge and attitudes inhibiting vaccine acceptancy during pregnancy.
Methods: Key informant and semi-structured interviews were conducted with pregnant women receiving antenatal care at community clinics, antenatal care staff, women enrolled in maternal immunization trials, community leaders and non-pregnant women residing in Soweto. Focus Group Discussions were also held with the mothers and husbands/partners of the pregnant women (n = 55).
Results: The study established good knowledge, a positive attitude and high acceptability of maternal immunization among pregnant women, non-pregnant women, antenatal staff as well as church and community leaders. Men were the least positive about maternal immunization. Aside from antenatal staff, there was poor knowledge regarding the types of vaccinations administered and the health benefits of immunization across all the study groups. Reasons adduced for poor knowledge about the types of vaccinations include lack of communication on maternal immunization during antenatal sessions or clinic visits and power dynamics that tend to exist between healthcare workers and patients.
Conclusion: Ensuring that healthcare workers provide useful information on immunization during antenatal visits as well as include men in education sessions regarding the benefit of vaccination may increase patients' confidence and immunization uptake
Five recommendations to accelerate sustainable solutions in cement and concrete through partnership
No full textThough the technical knowledge to make cement and concrete more sustainable already exists, implementation of solutions lags behind the rate needed to mitigate climate change and meet the targets set by the Sustainable Development Goals. Whilst most of the focus around the built environment is on embodied carbon, we stress an important but neglected dimension: partnership (SDG17). Effective partnerships can be powerful enablers to accelerate sustainable solutions in cement and concrete, and let such solutions transfer from academia to the market. This can be achieved through knowledge generation, solution implementation, and policy development, among other routes. In this article, we share five recommendations for how partnerships can address neglected research questions and practical needs: 1) reform Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education to train “circular citizens”; 2) map out routes by which cementitious materials can contribute to a “localization” agenda; 3) generate open‐access maps for the geographical distribution of primary and secondary raw materials; 4) predict the long‐term environmental performance of different solutions for low‐CO2 cements in different geographical areas; 5) overhaul standards to be technically and regionally fit for purpose. These approaches have the potential to make a unique and substantial contribution towards achieving collective sustainability goals
Physical solubilities for N₂O (CO₂) in amine solution N₂O
No full textCO₂ capture has proven to be the best way to reducing a great amount of CO₂ emissions from industries, and has obtained a great deal of research work. 1-DMA-2P is one of the commercial amine absorbents with a bright future in absorption. These commercial amine absorbents have much higher absorption and cyclic capacities than the ordinary MEA. The purpose of this research is to study Physical solubility for CO₂ in amine (1-DMA-2P) by applying the N₂O strategy. The experiments were carried out using a Novel technique method, firstly the method was tested by measuring solubility for CO₂ in water, N₂O in water, then lastly N₂O in 1-DMA-2P. Subsequently, physical solubility for CO₂ in 1-DMA-2P was calculated by deriving the data achieved from N₂O in 1-DMA-2P following the N₂O Analogy theorem. Experiments amine were of 15%, 30%, 50%, 65%, 80% and pure amine (100%) at various temperatures between 298.15 K and 333.15 K. In order to compensate for the first 10 seconds of absorption, videos of the absorption during the measurements was taken, and an application of regression analysis was performed using a polynomial model from OriginPro 7.5 program. The objective of this was to make sure that absorption results were solid and accurate. Concerning the data of the solubility for CO₂ and N₂O in water, not enough experiments were conducted therefore literature values were used for the calculation of the solubility for CO₂ in 1-DMA-2P. The data from N₂O and CO₂ in amine was inserted in a linear model, and correspondingly the results for Physical solubility for CO₂ in 1-DMA-2P proved to be much better than the Physical solubility for CO₂ in MEA, and in good agreement according to the literature review research. Nevertheless, more research is still essential for commercial amine absorbents
The exploration of indigenous knowledge systems of the Barolong boo Ratshidi with a special focus on traditional healing
No full textAbstract in English and SestwanaThe Barolong boo Ratshidi is part of the Batswana ethnic group who still uses traditional healing practices to maintain their health because these practices are the backbone of African culture. However, the Barolong boo Ratshidi’s migration to urban areas has affected their traditional healing practices as they had to adapt to Western practices. Their Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and the importance of their traditional healing are fading away since there is very little documentation of them. To explore the traditional healing practices of the Barolong boo Ratshidi, this study employed the ethnographic method for data collection for a period of three months. In-depth interviews were conducted with six participants to explore their perspectives on the above challenges. Informal interviews were conducted with eight participants for the in-depth exploration of the topic of the study, and they provided rich qualitative data. Two focus group discussions were conducted with Barolong boo Ratshidi youths and elders to obtain different views and perspectives from both groups. I further embedded myself in a group of traditional healers during the Annual Conference of the Dingaka Association to observe and learn their traditional healing ways. The data were analysed thematically to refine the themes and the presentation of the findings. The study revealed that in the Barolong boo Ratshidi community, the traditional healing system still plays a significant role and forms part of their IKS. There is a need for further, thorough research that will contribute to the preservation of the Barolong boo Ratshidi’s IKS. The preservation of the IKS is critical in ensuring that all types of knowledge are included in the development of South African societyBarolong boo Ratshidi ke karolo ya setlhopa sa morafe wa Batswana bao ba santseng ba dirisa mekgwa ya go alafa ya setso go tlhokomela boitekanelo jwa bone, ka gore mekgwa e ke seikokotlelo sa setso sa SeAfrika. Le fa go le jalo, khudugo ya Barolong boo Ratshidi go ya metse setoropong e nnile le seabe mo kalafong ya bone ya setso ka gore ba ne ba tshwanetse go itlwaetsa mekgwa ya metse setoropo. Tsamaiso ya kitso ya tlholego le botlhokwa ba kalafi la setso tsa bone, di a nyelelela ka ntlha ya kwadiso e e bokoa ya tsona. Go sekaseka mekwa ya kalafi ya setso ya Barolong boo Ratshidi, patlisiso e, e dirisitse mokwa wa “ethnographic” go kgobokanya kitso sebaka sa dikgwedi di le tharo. Dipotsolotso tse di tseneletseng di ne tsa dirwa le batsayakarolo ba le ba rataro go sekaseka megopolog ya bona ka dikgwetlho tse di kwetsweng fa godimo. Dipotsolotso tse di sa tlhamalelang di dirilwe le batsayakarolo ba le robedi go dira ditlhotlhomiso tse di tseneletseng go fetisa ka setlhogo sa patlisiso e. Dipuisano tsa ditlhopha tse pedi tsa tlhomamo, di ne tsa tshwarwa le bagolo le bašwa ba Barolong boo Ratshidi go bona ditebego le megopolo e fapafapaneng go tswa go ditlhopha tseo pedi. Ke ne ka tswelelela go nna gone le go tsaya karolo kwa kopanong ya dingaka tsa setso ka nako ya moletlo wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa mokgatlo wa bone go elatlhoko le go ithuta ka mekgwa ya kalafi ya setso. Dintla di sekasekilwe ka kelotlhoko go tokafatsa melaetsa le ditshupetso tsa ditshweetso tsa dipatlisiso. Dipatlisiso di senotse gore mo gare ga morafe wa Barolong boo Ratshidi, kalafi ya setso le tsamaiso ya kitso ya tlholego di santse di tshameka karolo ya botlhokwa thata. Go santse go tlhokega gore go dirwe dipatlisiso tse di tseneletseng tse di tla thusang ka tshomarelo ya tsamaiso ya kitso ya tlholego ya Barolong boo Ratshidi. Tshomarelo ya tsamiso ya kitso ya tlholego e botlhokwa thata go tlhomamisa gore mekwa yotlhe ya kitso e akareditswe mo ditlhabologong tsa morafe wa Afrika Borwa.M. A. (Anthropology)Anthropology and Archaeolog
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
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