1,720,985 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Mathematical models and computational methods for the analysis of genome-scale protein synthesis
No full textProteins are a ubiquitous and indispensable element for every living organism, from simple bacteria to mammals. Already in the simplest organisms, there exist some thousands of different protein species that take up a great variety of structures, and thus different roles, letting them precisely orchestrate the functioning of each cell. Despite this diversity of functions and shapes, all proteins are emerging from a same root: the DNA that encodes all proteins, in a same way as a dictionary contains the definition of each word. When a cell needs a specific protein, it will therefore "read" this "DNA dictionary" and translate it into another "language": from a nucleotide sequence of the DNA to an amino acids sequence, which is the basis of each protein. This process of "reading" the DNA to form a protein, or in better terms the protein synthesis, lies at the heart of every organism. Indeed 80% of the cellular energy is devoted to protein synthesis. The main mechanisms of this process are the same for all proteins and for all kingdoms of life. A good understanding of this process is therefore essential to biology; any malfunctioning could potentially lead to diseases and, on the other hand, any of the steps of protein synthesis could be a prospective drug target. This is already the case of various antibiotics. In addition to that, a good understanding of this system is also valuable in recombinant vaccine and recombinant drug production, in order to help improve the yield of these proteins. Recombinant proteins technology is used for example to synthesize the hepatitis B vaccine in yeast cells or to synthesize the recombinant human insulin in Escherichia coli cells. This is done by inserting into the organism a DNA plasmid that encodes the given protein so that the transfected organism will then synthesize this protein nearly as if it was from its own DNA. A further benefit from an in -depth knowledge of protein synthesis relates to circuit design in synthetic biology. There, the goal is to design cells that will respond to their environment in a predefined manner, and again, this is done by inserting specific genes into the cells. Understanding protein synthesis can help to estimate the sensibility of such a system as well as help to define characteristics of its response. Nowadays, the many facets of protein synthesis and its regulation are getting increasingly better understood. Nevertheless, it also becomes increasingly more evident that the classical approach of studying every component in isolation should be left aside and the system or cell should be studied as a whole, due to the interconnections of all of its elements: we have entered in the systems biology era. With the recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and other –omics technologies, we are able to measure the state of cells under different conditions in a high -throughput manner, enabling some global, genome -scale view as aimed at by systems biology. The huge amount of data collected by these high -throughput techniques poses a new challenge: how can we efficiently integrate these data to make some sense out of them for gaining deeper understanding and for the design and optimization of novel systems. A general answer is that computational approaches are needed. A model can be built to represent the system, and its outputs can then be compared to the experimental measurements. The great advantage of the modeling and simulation approach is that we can build many different in silico systems to test and to compare which one best represents our current knowledge. This in silico system can then be subjected to different "virtual" conditions, with the goal of observing how the system would behave in response to these conditions, which can be repeated for many cases and conditions in a very cost - and time -effective way in comparison to an in vitro or in vivo experiment. In this thesis, we aim at integrating such high -throughput data into a model for a better understanding of protein synthesis. We mainly focus on the often -neglected steps of translation, to observe their possible influence and regulation on the system. For this, a model incorporating all the steps of translation is built, including the various intermediate translation elongation steps. We then develop a novel, efficient, exact stochastic algorithm, targeted here to simulate translation at the genome‐scale, accounting for the competition between mRNAs for shared resources. This algorithm could easily be adapted to other systems than translation as well. Another novelty is further introduced with a methodology to analyze and estimate polysome sizes from experimental measurements in prokaryotes. Integrating various experimental measurements into our model of translation, we additionally estimate translation characteristics at the genome-scale for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and we observe how the system has been optimized to cope with the cellular needs. We further estimate the sensitivity of protein synthesis on different perturbations like changes in initiation, elongation, termination rates, changes in ribosome availabilities or mRNA copy numbers, or changes following starvation conditions. Taken together, the results from this thesis show that the regulation at the translation steps is stronger than is commonly assumed and it can have many implications on the system.LCS
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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