1,720,968 research outputs found
The goals of the foundation of ethnic minority non-governmental organizations in Latvia
No full textThe transition to liberal democracy and market economy in Latvia after the breakdown of the Soviet regime was related to an increase in ethnic minority non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Drawing on the results of in-depth interviews with leaders and the analysis of the statutes of ethnic minority NGOs, the study presented here compares the goals of the foundation of ethnic minority NGOs in 1993 and 2003 in relation to historical opportunity structures that have made their institutionalization possible. Following Bourdieu's theory of social reproduction, the study reveals distinctive goal priorities among the older and more recently registered organizations
Values of bureaucratic work
Get PDFWhile understanding values of bureaucratic work has been a fundamental concern of organizational sociology, research has remained divided over the nature of the values that underpin it. Examining the more generalized sociological insights on the values of bureaucratic work using a rigorous approach to value measurement, this study contributes to the reconciliation of the divergent conceptual insights on these values. Using the European Social Survey data of highly rationalized societies, this study finds employed senior managers to place systematically higher value on self-enhancement and openness to change and lower value on self-transcendence and conservation than their self-employed, entrepreneurial counterparts. The study also contributes to the understanding of the values of bureaucratic work, by examining the value implications of the duration of the employment of senior managers in bureaucratic organizations, and the organizational and the managerial bureaucratization of their work
The values of economics
Get PDFThis study addresses a fundamental concern of research on economic ethics by examining the values of economics. While other studies have linked the study of economics to the adoption of rational economic behavior, this study goes one level deeper, investigating the values that underpin neoclassical economics and whether they are transmitted to students. We find that the study of economics is associated with an increase in hedonism and power values, a decrease self-direction value, and possibly a decrease in universalism value. We measure value change among economics students using a quasi-experimental research design in accordance with the methodology of research on academic socialization. We discuss the practical implications of the internalization of economic values
Bureaucratization and medical professionals’ values : a cross-national analysis
Get PDFUnderstanding the impact of the bureaucratization of governance systems on the occupational values of medical professionals is a fundamental concern of the sociological research of healthcare professions. While previous studies have examined the impact of bureaucratized management, organizations, and healthcare fields on medical professionals’ values, there is a lack of cross-national research on the normative impact of the bureaucratized systems of national governance. Using the European Social Survey data for 29 countries, this study examines the impact of the bureaucratization of national governance systems on the occupational values of medical professionals. The findings indicate that medical professionals who are employed in countries with the more bureaucratized systems of national governance are less concerned with openness to change values, that emphasize autonomy and creativity, and self-transcendence values, that emphasize common good. The findings also indicate that the negative effect of the bureaucratization of national governance on the openness to change values is stronger for medical professionals in more bureaucratized organizations with more rationalized administration systems
Does economic rationalization decrease or increase accounting professionals’ occupational values?
Get PDFFollowing corporate accounting scandals there has been an increasing concern with understanding the factors that undermine the occupational values of accounting professionals, which emphasize self-transcendence in the pursuit of public good and openness to change in the pursuit of autonomy and creativity. Prior studies have demonstrated that these values are undermined in economically rationalized organizational environments. Our study advances this research by examining how accounting professionals’ occupational values are influenced by the economic rationalization of countries where they are employed. While economic rationalization of countries is recognized as a key macro-structural, social-level influence on individual values, the theory is divided regarding its normative effects. While economic rationalization may decrease the priority of occupational values by transforming professional action in accordance with the calculative logic of economic rationality, it can also increase the priority of these values by providing resources necessary for freeing professionals form the material constraints of survival. We test these divergent insights using the European Social Survey data for 28 countries. Our results indicate that economic rationalization decrease accountants’ occupational values beyond the effects of cultural values and work-related characteristics
Knowledge exchange in the UK CLAHRCs : the enabling role of academics and clinicians’ social position
Get PDFPurpose
The goal of this study is to examine how knowledge exchange between academics and clinicians in CLAHRCs is influenced by their social position based on their symbolic and social capitals,—that is, their personal professional status and connections to high-status professional peers, knowledge brokers, and unfamiliar professional peers.
Design/methodology/approach
Using an online survey, we triangulate the cross-sectional measurement of the effects of academic and clinicians’ social position in the initial and later phases of CLAHRCs with the longitudinal measurement of these effects over a two-year period.
Findings
First, academics and clinicians with a higher personal professional status are more likely to develop joint networks and decision-making both in the early and later phases of a CLAHRC. Second, academics and clinicians who are more connected to higher-status occupational peers are more likely to develop joint networks in the early phase of a knowledge exchange partnership but are less likely to become engaged in joint networks over time. Third, involvement of knowledge brokers in the networks of academics and clinicians is likely to facilitate their inter-professional networking only in the later partnership phase.
Practical implications
Academics and clinicians’ capitals have a distinctive influence on knowledge exchange in the early and later phases of CLAHRCs and on a change in knowledge exchange over a two-year period.
Originality/value
Prior research on CLAHRCs has examined how knowledge exchange between academics and clinicians can be encouraged by the creation of shared governance mechanisms. We advance this research by highlighting the role of their social position in facilitating knowledge exchange
On the normative consequences of economic rationality : a case study of a Swedish economics school in Latvia
No full textThe present study explores the normative consequences of economics education at the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga (SSER), a Swedish government sponsored highly selective economics school in Latvia. Following Tonnies’ ([1887] 1996) theory of action derived from logical relations between means and ends, the present study explores value change among economics students using the state-of-the-art empirical approach to value measurement (Schwartz, 1992) in a methodologically rigorous longitudinal research design. The study is based on a self-administered 2-year in-class longitudinal survey of economics undergraduates at the Swedish School and a comparison group of their academic counterparts from the two leading Latvian universities. Controlling for the influences of the demographic composition of student population, the study reveals a systematic and distinctive pattern of value change among economics students at the Swedish School. During the 2 years of economics education at the School, students experience an increase in the importance attributed to status-oriented values that conceptually tap motivational content of instrumental rationality. The findings of the study also suggest that the identified pattern of value change cannot be conceived as a consequence of student self-selection into the economics programme
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
