497 research outputs found
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
Ghayat al-amani and the life and times of al-Hadi Yahya b. al-Husayn: an introduction, newly edited text and translation with detailed annotation
No full textThe thesis is anchored upon a text extracted from an important 11th / 17th century Yemeni historical work. This text deals primarily with al-Hādī ilā 'I-Haqq, the founder of the Zaydī Imamate in the Yemen that lasted well over a thousand years. AI-Hādīs imamate, of considerable significance in itself, also coincides with one of the most turbulent periods of early Yemeni mediaeval history. The- edited Arabic text, with its accompanying apparatus criticus. Is to be found at the opposite end of this volume. The Introduction considers various aspects of Imam al-Hadī’s life, religious ideas and aspirations and matters directly connected with the edited text and the work of which it forms a part. Among the most important subjects discussed are the MSS used in the production of the edited text, the problem concerning the authorship of Ghāyat al-amānī and the relationship of the latter work to Anbā' al-zaman. A short biography of al-Hādī is provided, together with a treatment of the historical background to ai-Hādīs imamate. The introduction also describes the editorial method followed with regard to the text, and certain key personal names and toponyms are dealt with there. The method employed by the author of the Ghāyat is to record the events of any one year by Itself. I have translated one year at a time and then followed it by the annotations appertaining to it. It is hoped that by means of these annotations. (some of which through necessity are quite detailed ), the text will be better understood. The numerous personages, tribal names and toponyms are considered, as well as problems concerning points of chronology and various matters of historical and religious significance. Specific comment is made upon certain interesting terms or any unusual or striking vocabulary. The thesis concludes with maps, genealogical tables and a comprehensive bibliography
Annotation of conceptual co-reference and text Mining the Qur'an
No full textThis research contributes to the area of corpus annotation and text mining by developing novel domain specific language resources. Most practical text mining applications restrict their domain. This research restricts the domain to the Qur'anic Text.
In this thesis, a number of pre-processing steps were undertaken and annotation information were added to the Qur'an. The raw Arabic Qur'an was pre-processed into morphological units using the Qur'anic Arabic Corpus (QAC). Qur'anic terms were indexed and converted into a vector space model using techniques in Information Retrieval (IR). In parallel, nearly 24,000 Qur'anic personal pronouns were annotated with information on their referents. These referents are consolidated and organized into a total of over 1,000 ontological concepts. Moreover, a dataset of nearly 8,000 pairs of related Qur'anic verses are compiled from books of scholarly commentary on the Qur'an. This vector space model, the pronoun tagging, the verse relatedness dataset, and the part-of-speech tags available in QAC all together served for a number of Qur'anic text mining applications which were rendered online for public use. Among these applications: lemma concordance, collocation, POS search of the Qur'an, verse similarity measures, concept clouds of a given verse, pronominal anaphora and Qur'anic chapter similarity.
Furthermore, machine learning experiments were conducted on automatic detection of verse similarity/relatedness as well as categorization of Qur'anic chapters based on their chronology of revelation. Domain specific linguistic features were investigated to induct learning algorithms. Results show that deep linguistic and world knowledge is needed to reach the human upper bound in certain computational tasks such as detecting text relatedness, question answering and textual entailment. However, many useful queries can be addressed using text mining techniques and layers of annotations made available through this research. The works presented here can be extended to include other similar texts like Hadith (i.e., saying of Prophet Muhammad), or other scriptures like the Gospels
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw By Nāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d. 610/1213) A Critical Edition of the Text with the Life History of the Author
No full textNāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d.610/1213) was one of the most renowned figures in the field of Arabic Grammar. He has left an indelible mark on the world of Arabic language and literature. He is also known as the successor of al-Zamakhsharī.
He wrote a number of books but his al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw gained prominence at a level that no other book in this field could claim to achieve. For this reason, a great number of commentaries have been written in every age, of which the most famous are al-Daw and Khulāsat al-I‘rāb written by Tāj al-Dīn al-Isfrā’īnī and ‘Abd al- Karīm al-Tūsī (better known as Hājjī Bābā) respectively. Moreover, its translation into other languages also demonstrates its value as a useful book.
Although al-Misbāh has been edited on more than one occasion, the published editions do not fulfil the needs and requirements of modern academic research criteria. The basic aim of this thesis is to present this book with a current modern research style so that the students, teachers and ordinary readers of Arabic language and literature may benefit from this work.
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the life history of the author and his other works. A brief note of the environment under which he grew up (generally referred to as the ‘Seljuk’ period) is also included in this part.
The second part consists of a text edition that deals with the derivation (Takhrīj) of syntactical issues together with the differing opinions of grammarians on syntactical/grammatical issues. This part also proffers the idiomatic English translation of al-Misbāh
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
Author Correction: Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials.
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Muhammad Shahzad, which was incorrectly given as Muhammad Shehzad. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
Diksi Tentang Makhluk Dalam Teks Lagu Ebiet G. Ade
No full textABSTRAK Zamnur, Muhammad. 2016. Diksi Tentang Makhluk Dalam Teks Lagu Ebiet G. Ade. Skripsi, Jurusan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: Prof. Dr. H. A. Syukur Ghazali, M.Pd. Kata kunci: diksi, makhluk. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersubjek pada lagu Ebiet G. Ade yang difokuskan untuk mendeskripsikan diksi tentang makhluk dalam teks lagu Ebiet G. Ade. Makhluk tersebut meliputi insani (manusia), hewani (hewan), dan botani (tumbuhan). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah kata yang mengandung makhluk insani (manusia), hewani (hewan), dan botani (tumbuhan). Sumber data penelitian ini berupa teks lagu Ebiet G. Ade yang diperoleh dari hasil mengunduh di internet (youtube) dan kaset rekaman. Prosedur pengumpulan data adalah (1) mengunduh lagu-lagu Ebiet melalui internet (youtube) dan mengambil dari kaset rekaman, (2) mengetik ulang lirik-lirik lagu Ebiet yang ada pada youtube dan teks kaset rekaman. (3) membaca berulang-ulang teks lagu Ebiet G. Ade, (4) melakukan interpretasi dan analisis lagu Ebiet untuk menemukan deskripsi makhluk yang ada di dalamnya. (5) Melakukan identifikasi, klasifikasi, dan pencatatan diksi tentang makhluk berdasarkan interpretasi dan analisis yang telah dilakukan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode hermeneutik. Adapun tahap-tahap penelitian yaitu menyusun rancangan penelitian dengan menentukan latar belakang dan masalah yang hendak diteliti; identifikasi dan klasifikasi data; interpretasi dan analisis data; serta membuat kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan beberapa poin dalam tiga makhluk (insani, hewani, dan botani) dalam Lagu Ebiet G. Ade yang telah dirumuskan. Makhluk insani terbagi atas manusia yang dicintai, manusia yang memiliki ikatan sedarah atau keluarga, manusia yang tersisih. Makhluk hewani digunakan sebagai gambaran perasaan cinta, kedukaan dan kesedihan, sifat manusia, kondisi alam, manusia tersisih, dan harapan. Makhluk botani digunakan sebagai gambaran perasaan cinta, sifat manusia, halangan atau rintangan, kesedihan atau kedukaan, kondisi alam, dan harapan. Penelitian ini merupakan pengajian tentang diksi tentang makhluk dalam teks lagu Ebiet G. Ade. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian bisa digunakan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan sebagai referensi untuk menyusun rencana pemuatan bahan ajar yang berhubungan dengan makhluk. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya, hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi rujukan dalam mengembangkan atau menemukan gagasan baru pada objek yang sama, karena tidak menutup kemungkinan masih banyak hal-hal yang harus dikembangkan pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi penulis karya sastra agar menulis atau menyajikan karya sastra yang bermutu dan mengandung nilai pendidikan di dalamnya. Untuk para pembaca setelah membaca penelitian ini agar dapat menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang makhluk. ABSTRACT Zamnur, Muhammad. 2016. Diction About Creature In Text Ebiet G. Ade song. Thesis, Indonesian Literature Departmen, Faculty of Letters, State University of Malang. Advisor: Prof. Dr. H. A. Syukur Ghazali, M.Pd. Keywords: diction, creature This research is a research be subject to the songs Ebiet G. Ade focused to describe the diction of the creatures in the text songs Ebiet G. Ade. These include human beings (human), animal (pet), and botanical (plant). This research is a qualitative research. This research data is a word that contains a human being (human), animal (pet), and botanical (plant). This research data sources such as text songs Ebiet G. Ade obtained from the download on the internet (youtube) and cassettes. Data collection procedures are (1) download songs Ebiet via the internet (youtube) and took on the tape, (2) re-typing the song's lyrics Ebiet available on youtube and text cassettes. (3) read the text of the song repeatedly Ebiet G. Ade, (4) perform songs Ebiet interpretation and analysis to find descriptions of the creatures in it. (5) Identification, classification, and recording of the diction of the creature based on the interpretation and analysis has been done. Analysis of the data in this study using the hermeneutic method. The stages of the research is to draft the study by determining the background and the issues to be investigated; identification and classification of data; interpretation and analysis of data; and make their conclusions. Based on the results of the research found some points in three beings (human, animal, and botanical) in Ebiet G. Ade songs has been formulated. Human beings are divided into human loved ones, people who have blood ties or family, people marginalized. Animal creature used as a picture of the feelings of love, grief and sorrow, human nature, natural conditions, humans excluded and expectations. Botanical creature used as a picture of the feelings of love, human nature, hindrance or obstacle, sadness or grief, natural conditions, and expectations. This research is a study about the diction of the creatures in the text songs Ebiet G. Ade. Therefore, the results can be used teachers and education staff as a reference to plan the loading of teaching materials related to the creatures. For further research, the results of this study can be a reference in developing or finding new ideas to the same object, since it is possible there are many things that must be developed in this research. The results of this study can be a reference to the author of a literary work in order to write or present literary works quality and contain educational value in it. For readers after reading this study in order to increase knowledge and understanding of the creature.
G-C3N4/Ag@CoWO4: A novel sunlight active ternary nanocomposite for potential photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye
No full textPresent study reports the fabrication of novel sunlight active heterogeneous photocatalyst, i.e. Ag@g-C3N4/CoWO4 for potential degradation of rhodamine B dye. The ternary nanocomposite was fabricated using thermal condensation of melamine to prepare g-C3N4 followed by coupling with silver doped cobalt tungstate (Ag@CoWO4) using the hydrothermal method. The novel composite photocatalyst (Ag@g-C3N4/CoWO4) along with pristine photocatalysts (g-C3N4 and Ag@CoWO4) were well characterized in term of morphology (scanning electron microscopy), structure (Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy), crystallinity (X-ray diffraction), and composition (energy dispersive X-ray). The energy band gaps of catalysts were calculated using UV–visible spectroscopic analysis (Tauc plot). The characterization analysis supports the successful assembly of Ag@CoWO4 nanoparticles on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets with good crystallinity. The photocatalytic potential of novel catalysts was examined through the degradation of rhodamine B dye in water. The engineered heterojunction promotes photocatalytic activity and improves photo-generated charge separation. The results of the proposed research showed boosted sunlight active photocatalytic efficiency (97% in 120 min at pH 6) of novel composite against rhodamine B dye degradation. The kinetics of the reaction was determined using different models and RSM was used as a statistical tool for interaction and individual effects of influencing parameters. The numerical values of optimized parameters endorsed the results of RSM i.e. composite dose = 10mg/100 mL, H2O2 = 15 mM, and pH = 6.Dr. Muhammad Zahid (corresponding author) is thankful to TWAS (Grant No. 15-410 RG/MSN/AS_C–FR3240288961 under TWAS-COMSTECH joint Research Grant) for equipments and the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan for facilities to conduct this research. The valuable support from Central Lab, LUMS Pakistan for characterization of samples is highly acknowledged
Near-capacity iterative decoding of binary self-concatenated codes using soft decision demapping and 3-D EXIT charts
No full textIn this paper 3-D Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts are used to design binary Self-Concatenated Convolutional Codes employing Iterative Decoding (SECCC-ID), exchanging extrinsic information with the soft-decision demapper to approach the channel capacity. Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) codes are selected as constituent codes, an interleaver is used for randomising the extrinsic information exchange of the constituent codes, while a puncturer helps to increase the achievable bandwidth efficiency. The convergence behaviour of the decoder is analysed with the aid of bit-based 3-D EXIT charts, for accurately calculating the operating EbN0 threshold, especially when SP based soft demapper is employed. Finally, we propose an attractive system configuration, which is capable of operating within about 1 dB from the channel capacity
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